BIOGRAPHICAL 
CATALOG 


OF  THE 


PORTRAIT  GALLERY 


OF  THE 


SADDLE  AND 
SIRLOIN  CLUB 


BY 


EDWARD  N.  WENTWORTH 


UNION  STOCKYARDS  "  CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 
1920 


I? 


PREFACE 

The  compiler  of  these  brief  biographies  wishes  to  acknowledge 
his  indebtedness  for  material  and  inspiration  in  a  number  of 
the  stories  told,  to  the  files  of  The  Breeder's  Gazette  and  to  books 
of  MR.  SANDERS  (12)  and  "The  Druid."  The  American  worthies 
here  portrayed  have  had  their  tales  infinitely  better  told  in  such 
volumes  as  "At  the  Sign  of  the  Stock  Yard  Inn,"  "Shorthorn 
Cattle,"  and  the  "Story  of  the  Herefords"  by  MR.  SANDERS,  and 
he  who  would  delve  farther  into  their  romance,  can  gain  much 
of  interest  and  inspiration  by  a  study  of  their  pages.  To  the 
many  friends  of  those  whose  portraits  hang  on  these  walls, 
another  debt  is  due,  as  their  acquaintanceship  and  intimacy  have 
been  freely  drawn  upon,  but  the  list  is  far  too  long  to  enumerate. 
The  richness  of  association  of  MR.  OciLViE  (6)  and  MR.  LEONARD 
(64)  with  these  heroes  of  a  day  gone  by  has  also  been  liberally 
tapped,  and  heartiest  appreciation  of  their  unfailing  good  nature 
and  cordial  support  is  hereby  expressed. 

EDWARD  N.  WENTWORTH. 

Saddle  and  Sirloin  Club, 

Chicago,  111.,  August  25,  1920. 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX 

No.  OF 
PORTRAIT 

Adams,  Hon.  Henry  C 25 

Alexander,  Robert  A 82 

Allen,  Louis  F % 

Allerton,  Samuel  W.,  Jr 67 

Armour,  Philip  D 70 

Armour,  Philip  D.,  Jr. 123 

Armour,  J.  Ogden 69 

Babcock,  Dr.  S.  M 23 

Bakewell,  Robert 78 

Barclay,  Capt. 80 

Bates,  Thomas  74 

Bellows,  George 120 

Booth,  Thomas 76 

Booth,  T.  C 85 

Bracelet  134 

Brown,  H.  F 105 

Brown,  James 110 

Brown,  James  N 99 

Buchanan,  W.  1 4 

Buel,  M.  P 38 

Bunn,  John  W 102 

Carlyle,  W.  L 32 

Carpenter,  Reid 106 

Clark,  Thomas  61 

Clarke,  N.  P 45 

Cobb,  Emery 97 

Coburn,  F.  D 13 

Colling,  Charles  and  Robert 94 

Cooper,  Col.  John  S 48 

Cozzens,  Samuel 37 

Craig,  John  A 24 

Crouch,  J 42 

Cruickshank,  Amos 89 

Curtiss,  C.  F 26 

Davenport,  Eugene  29 

Davidson,  James  1 117 

Davison,  G.  Howard 8 

Detmers,  Dr.  H.  J 127 

Dorset,  Dr.  Marion 30 

Dragon     147 

Dryden,  John  14 

Duggan,  Charles  E 31 

Dunham,  Mark  W 43 

Durham  Ox  133 

Fairfax,  Henry  10 

Fairholme  Footprint  145 

Favill,  Dr.  H.  B 17 

Francis,  John 50 

Franklin,  Benjamin 93 

Funk,  Isaac  101 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX— Continued 

No.  OF 
PORTRAIT 

Funk,  Lafayette 103 

Fyvie  Baron   144 

Gentry,  N.  H Ill 

Gibson,  Richard  113 

Gilbey,  Sir  Walter 81 

Gillett,  John  D 100 

Goodwin,  W.  R 3 

Grant,  William  J 124 

Grant,  Ulysses  S 77 

Groves,  John  W 118 

Haggin,  James  B 68 

Hamilton,  Alexander  90 

Harding,  Frank  108 

Harding,  George 115 

Harris,  Col.  W.  A 109 

Harviestoun   Baroness    146 

Hatch,  Hon.  Wra.  H 27 

Henry,  Dean  W.  A 20 

Hermes  141 

Hord,  T.  B 58 

Hoard,  W.  D 7 

Holloway,  Robert 44 

Hutchinson,  B.  E 65 

Ingwersen,  Charles  H 56 

Ingwersen,  Henry  C 57 

Jefferson,  Thomas  88 

Judy,  J.  W 104 

Ketton  Ox 129 

Keefer,  Louis  54 

Kohrs,  Conrad  53 

Law,  Dr.  James 122 

Leonard,  A.  G 64 

Leonard,  Charles  E 107 

Levering,  Mortimer 40 

Lincoln,  Abraham  75 

Lockridge,  S.  F 112 

Lord  Banff  135 

Lovejoy,  A.  J 55 

Marshall,  Duncan  9 

Marshall,  John 91 

Martin,  George  121 

Maxwalton    Commander    130 

Mackenzie,  Murdo  49 

Melvin,  Dr.  A.  D 34 

Miller,  John  114 

Miller,  William   116 

Mohler,  Dr.  J.  R 35 

Montgomery,  Andrew   46 

Morrill,  Senator  J.  S 28 

Morris,  Edward   72 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX— Continued 

No.  OF 
PORTRAIT 

Morris,  Nelson   71 

Morris    Sheep    137 

Morris   Six    139 

Morton,  Secretary  J.  Sterling 16 

Ogilvie,  R.  B 6 

Pabst,  Captain  Fred 47 

Pickrell,  J.  Henry 95 

Pierce,  B.  R 59 

Pearson,  Dr.  Leonard 1 

Penn,  William   125 

Pink  Brillante   131 

Prather,  J.  Frank 119 

Renick,  Felix  92 

Rosenbaum,  Joseph  51 

Roundup  on  Bear  Creek  Ranch 52 

Ruberta    140 

Rusk,  Secretary  Jeremiah 18 

Rutherford,  Dr.  J.  G 2 

Ryan,  J.  E.  G 36 

Salmon,  Dr.  D.  E 33 

Sanders,  A.  H 12 

Sanders,  J.  H 21 

Sherman,  John  66-142 

Skinner,  Dean  J.  H 11 

Skinner,  W.  E 39 

Spencer  Ox 132 

St.  Valentine  136 

Swift,  Gustavus  Franklin 62 

Thomson,  Robert  B 22 

Tilden,  Edward  63 

Tomson,  John  Ross 126 

Torr,  Wm 84 

Truman,  J.  H 41 

Van  Meter,  B.  F 98 

Van  Natta,  W.  S 60 

Victory,  Winged  143 

Vilas,  Senator  Wm.  F 19 

Washington,  General  George 86 

Waters,  Henry  Jackson 5 

Webb,  Jonas 87 

Webster,  Daniel  79 

Wetherell,  William   83 

Whitehall   Marshal    138 

White  Heifer  that  Traveled 128 

Wilson,  Secretary  James 15 

Wilson,  Thomas  E 73 


THE  MISSION  OF  THE  CLUB 

The  clanking  whir  of  the  nineteenth  century  in  industrial 
America,  the  reddened  glow  of  her  furnaces,  the  webbed  weave 
of  her  rails,  and  the  crackling  luminescence  of  her  electrical 
achievements;  all  by  their  spectacular  novelties  have  diverted 
the  national  attention  from  the  artisanship  and  artistry  of  those 
who,  from  farm  and  flock,  grassland  and  granary,  market  and 
menu,  have  builded  an  unsurpassed  husbandry  and  cradled  its 
distribution.  Today  the  crowding  world  has  sounded  its  food 
cry,  its  pitch  shrilled  by  war,  and  public  attention  is  gradually 
focussing  on  food  sources.  Against  such  contingency  the  live- 
stock industries  have  builded,  but  the  squirming  consumer  looks 
not  behind  the  price  barrier,  and  dreams  not  of  the  masterly 
achievements  of  yardman  and  packer,  showman  and  rancher, 
breeder  and  producer,  that  lie  hidden  behind  the  veil.  The  marvel 
is  not  that  prices  have  been  unprecedentedly  high,  it  is  that  there 
has  been  so  complete  a  production  and  distribution  that  the  food 
gaps  in  the  friendly  areas  of  the  world  have  been  successfully 
stopped. 

Heroes  of  production  have  there  been,  heroes  of  husbandry, 
heroes  of  industry,  each  contributing  his  share  toward  the  ulti- 
mate fillment  of  the  public  maw.  Yet  where  lives  the  urbanite 
who  can  tell  of  them,  or  who  can  recognize  the  broad  service  and 
ideals  that  have  led  to  the  perpetuation  of  their  memories  upon 
the  walls  of  this  inner  shrine?  Here  are  portrayed  in  oils  and 
pigments,  the  loved  features  of  those  who  have  wrought  their 
works  to  the  cohesion,  advancement  and  prestige  of  the  livestock 
industry.  What  if  the  passing  crowd  forget,  in  here,  revivified, 
the  eyes  of  those  who  gave  look  down,  their  souls  still  sing  their 
sagas  to  the  mellowed  memories  of  those  who  would  commune, 
or  fling  their  challenge  to  the  youth  who  sets  his  foot  to  travel  in 
their  paths.  The  swarded  pasture,  the  stir  of  market  and  the 
tensities  of  tanbark  take  on  new  luster  under  their  beatitudes,  in- 
spiring emulation  of  their  achievements. 


8  THE  PORTRAIT   GALLERY 

Many  there  be  who  can  ride  the  flood  of  an  energized  idea, 
stealing  from  its  latencies  powers  for  their  own  emolumence. 
Such  by  the  hundred  receive  popular  acknowledgment,  urban  and 
rural  alike,  but  all  too  frequently  the  man  who  can  originate  such 
an  idea  is  little  known  and  only  locally  recognized.  He  who 
unseals  the  fount  from  which  the  flood  springs,  too  often  is 
washed  up  on  the  shore,  short  yards  from  where  he  started,  while 
the  public  eye  ignores  the  bruised  battler  to  watch  the  crest  of 
his  liberated  wave.  Or,  if  his  sacrifice  be  seen,  gives  approbative 
glance,  and  forgets,  in  seeking  new  sensations  in  the  whirl  of 
modern  progress.  Today  is  only  temporarily  discriminative,  its 
heroes  are  short-lived  and  its  memories  shorter.  He  who  does 
and  gives  sooner  finds  obscurity  than  he  who  dazzles  and  takes. 
This  reconstructive  period  finds  America  taking  too  much  for 
granted.  The  stream  of  meats  which  has  plenished  the  food  table 
of  this  country  has  been  so  long  enjoyed  that  it  is  a  matter  of 
commonplace,  to  be  admired  for  its  volume,  but  to  be  credited  to 
no  one.  Ill-advised  agitators  and  shortsighted  economists  through 
influencing  executive  and  legislative  powers  have  tinkered  with 
meat  supplies  to  the  permanent  injury  of  the  producers  of  this 
generation.  The  achievements  of  men  who  look  upon  us  from 
these  walls  are  ignored  and  unknown,  and  the  labor  for  which 
they  stand,  unrecognized.  Their  perpetuation  furnishes  the  justi- 
fication of  this  gallery;  the  broadening  acquaintance  with  them, 
its  mission.  To  the  petty  jealousies  and  frictions  of  an  agricul- 
ture developed  from  so  many  provincial  angles,  it  brings  a  court 
of  authority.  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  emblematic  of  the  field  of 
their  jurisdiction,  christens  the  club  walls  on  which  the  portraits 
hang,  and  the  organization  of  active  workers  in  husbandry  and 
industry  who  uphold  them. 

The  permanent  housing  of  the  International  Livestock  Expo- 
sition at  the  Union  Stock  Yards  in  1900  made  Chicago  as  firmly 
the  pivot  of  the  improved  livestock  industry  as  it  had  previously 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  9 

been  the  pivot  of  livestock  marketing.  By  that  act  the  scattered 
offices  of  the  numerous  pedigree  associations  found  a  logical  loca- 
tion, and  a  common  center  for  the  vast  ramifications  of  the  live- 
stock industry  was  established.  Chicago  became  the  contact  point 
for  those  who  breed  and  those  who  feed,  those  who  sell  and  those 
who  buy,  those  who  kill  and  those  who  cure;  all  that  mighty  array 
of  stockmen,  shippers,  commission  men,  packers,  breeders,  vet- 
erinarians, manufacturers  of  stock  feeds,  medicine  and  serums, 
harness  and  saddlery  men,  fertilizer  makers,  builders  of  farm 
machinery,  and  the  journalists  of  the  growing  agriculture.  So 
varied  a  constituency  early  created  the  need  for  quarters  suitable 
for  the  fraternal  discussion  of  the  important  affairs  pertaining 
to  the  interests  they  represented. 

Appreciation  of  this  need  called  into  existence  the  SADDLE  AND 
SIRLOIN  CLUB.  The  germ  of  the  idea  unfolded  in  the  mutual 
minds  of  ROBERT  B.  OGILVIE  (6),  ARTHUR  G.  LEONARD  (64),  and 
ALVIN  H.  SANDERS  (12)  in  June,  1903,  as  a  corollary  to  MR. 
LEONARD'S  achievement  in  building  the  purebred  Livestock  Record 
Building,  while  the  name  was  suggested  by  RICHARD  GIBSON  from 
"The  Druid's"  tales  of  that  title.  MR.  LEONARD'S  acquaintanceship 
as  general  manager  of  the  Union  Stock  Yards,  MR.  SANDERS'  life- 
time relation  with  the  growth  of  livestock  journalism,  pedigree 
values  and  breed  history,  and  MR.  OGILVIE'S  personal  intimacy 
with  the  gentlemen  breeders  and  sportsmen  of  Britain  and 
America,  the  show  and  breeding  veterans  of  a  half  century,  all 
furnished  viewpoints  assuring  the  broadest  foundations  in  club 
ideals.  In  the  days  of  the  old  Lake  Side  Stock  Show  the  necessary 
social  and  business  center  was  provided  in  the  old  Grand  Pacific 
hostelry,  but  the  retirement  of  MESSRS.  DRAKE  and  PARKER  in  1894 
scattered  the  clans.  Hence  from  its  inception  the  SADDLE  AND 
SIRLOIN  CLUB  was  foredestined  to  a  broader  function  than  the 
refreshment  of  those  whose  business  and  financial  interests 
located  them  at  the  Stock  Yards.  Here  numberless  meetings 


10  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

fraught  with  bovine,  equine,  porcine  or  ovine  significance  have 
been  held.  Here  college  students  have  first  made  contact  with 
the  broad  sweep  of  breeding's  artistry.  Here  visiting  friends 
from  the  two  hemispheres  have  found  the  inspiration  and  atmos- 
phere that  has  led  our  stockmen  to  ultimate  accomplishment. 

The  functioning  of  the  club  as  a  unit  in  cohering  husbandry 
and  commerce  initiated  several  clearly  defined  club  activities. 
First  and  foremost  it  has  made  itself  the  ally  of  the  International 
Livestock  Show,  being  perpetual  host  to  the  latter's  guests.  Sec- 
ondly, and  with  the  aid  of  the  International,  it  attracts  each 
year,  and  in  ever  increasing  numbers,  men  of  education,  wealtfi 
and  high  business  ability  to  the  ranks  of  modern  agriculture, 
especially  livestock  breeding.  Thirdly,  through  admitting  to 
membership  staff  workers  of  the  agricultural  colleges  and 
through  offering  gold  medals  in  essay  contests  to  agricultural 
students,  it  has  stimulated  the  formation  of  the  SADDLE  AND 
SIRLOIN  and  BLOCK  AND  BRIDLE  CLUBS  of  the  colleges,  and  has 
led  many  a  noteworthy  novice  into  the  ranks  of  the  constructive 
initiate.  Fourthly,  it  has  committed  itself  to  the  perpetual  com- 
memoration of  those  worthies  who  have  bequeathed  to  mankind 
the  improved  animals  and  the  organized  industries  that  have 
made  modern  production  and  distribution  possible.  Fifthly,  it 
has  formed  the  nucleus  of  what  it  some  day  hopes  will  become 
the  leading  livestock  library  of  the  world. 

To  ROBERT  OGILVIE  (6)  the  club  owes  the  idea  of  the  gallery, 
and  it  is  to  him  and  H.  F.  BROWN  (105)  that  the  indebtedness 
for  the  first  portraits  is  due.  Largely  through  the  individual 
efforts  of  MR.  OGILVIE  the  atmosphere  and  the  spirit  of  the  club 
has  developed.  While  club  officials  have  changed  he  has  labored 
unremittingly  and  unceasingly  on  the  gallery,  striving  constantly 
for  improved  artistic  standards  and  for  worthy  recipients  of  the 
club's  honors.  It  will  ever  be  a  memorial  to  his  taste  and  a 
tribute  to  his  knowledge  of  the  makers  of  the  livestock  industry. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  11 

A  BATTLER  AGAINST  THE  WHITE  PLAGUE 

1.  One  of  the  foremost  forces  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  vet- 
erinary profession  in  the  eastern  United  States  was  DR.  LEONARD 
PEARSON,  dean  of  the  College  of  Veterinary  Medicine  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  DR.  PEARSON  was  born  in  Evans- 
ville,  Ind.,  August  17,  1868.  Much  of  his  early  education  came 
from  the  home  instruction  of  his  mother,  and  in  1888  he  received 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Agriculture  at  Cornell 
University.  Two  years  later  he  earned  his  D.  V.  M.  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  then  went  abroad  to  attend 
lectures  in  the  veterinary  schools  of  Berlin  and  Dresden.  He 
studied  bacteriology  in  Koch's  Laboratory  where  he  became  inter- 
ested in  tuberculosis,  and  was  permitted  the  facilities  of  the 
laboratory  of  the  veterinary  division  of  the  German  Army.  On 
his  return  he  was  made  assistant  professor  of  medicine  in  the 
veterinary  department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
three  years  later  he  was  promoted  to  full  professor.  In  1897 
he  was  elected  Dean  of  the  school. 

DR.  PEARSON  was  appointed  state  veterinarian  in  1896  and 
served  continuously  in  that  capacity  until  his  death.  It  was 
through  his  efforts  that  the  Livestock  Sanitary  Board  of  Penn- 
sylvania was  organized.  He  reorganized  the  veterinary  school 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  secured  the  new  buildings 
and  equipment,  which  are  undoubtedly  the  best  in  the  country. 
In  addition,  he  procured  a  farm  for  experimental  work  in  con- 
nection with  animal  diseases. 

DR.  PEARSON  was  a  recognized  leader  in  the  control  of  in- 
fectious diseases.  He  was  the  first  in  America  to  use  tuberculin 
for  the  diagnosis  of  tuberculosis  in  cattle.  His  investigations 
on  bovine  tuberculosis  were  extensive  and  most  valuable,  and 


12  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  endeavoring  to  find  an  immuniz- 
ing agent  against  this  disease.  So  eminent  had  he  become  in 
state  veterinary  work  that  in  1895  SECRETARY  MORTON  offered 
him  the  position  of  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 
His  interest  in  veterinary  education  and  his  loyalty  to  Pennsyl- 
vania led  him  to  decline  the  offer.  He  was  a  prominent  writer 
on  veterinary  subjects.  For  years  he  conducted  the  veterinary 
magazine  through  which  he  gave  to  his  profession  much  of  the 
best  in  the  languages  of  other  countries,  as  well  as  many  valuable 
contributions  of  his  own.  In  1908  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medi- 
cine. 

DR.  PEARSON  was  a  member  of  the  Seventh  International 
Congress  of  Hygiene  and  Dermography  held  in  London  in  1891, 
and  of  the  Third  International  Congress  for  the  Study  of  Tuber- 
culosis held  in  Paris  in  1898.  He  was  Secretary  and  President 
of  the  American  Veterinary  Medical  Association,  for  two  years 
was  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Veterinary  Medical 
Association,  and  for  a  similar  period  headed  the  Keystone  Vet- 
erinary Medical  Society.  DR.  PEARSON  was  an  active  member  of 
the  Guernsey  Cattle  Club  at  Philadelphia,  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Livestock  Breeders'  Association  and  of  the  State  Grange.  While 
not  a  cattle  showman,  DR.  PEARSON  did  a  great  deal  toward  in- 
teresting men  of  wealth  and  discrimination  in  the  cause  of  the 
Guernsey,  and  was  an  instrumental  factor  in  their  dissemination 
throughout  the  state.  Professionally,  DR.  PEARSON  held  mem- 
berships in  the  American  Public  Health  Association,  the  City 
Board  of  Health  in  Philadelphia,  the  State  Board  of  Health,  and 
was  Veterinarian  to  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  13 

The  reorganization  of  the  veterinary  school  and  the  Pennsyl- 
vania State  Livestock  Sanitary  Board  are  the  results  of  his 
efforts  that  stand  out  in  bold  relief  above  much  else  of  great 
value  that  he  did.  While  these  will  be  known  to  the  historian, 
the  sterling  qualities  of  the  man  will  abide  with  those  who  knew 
him.  He  was  a  manly  man  with  a  sweetness  of  disposition  rarely 
found  among  men.  His  deep  interest  in  the  advancement  and 
betterment  of  his  profession  caused  him  "to  burn  the  candle  of 
life  at  both  ends."  As  a  result,  he  died  a  premature  death  while 
on  a  vacation  at  Spruce  Brook,  Newfoundland,  September  20, 
1909. 


14  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  VETERINARIAN  WHO  NURSED  A  YOUNG  AGRICULTURE 

2.  One  of  the  broadest  executive  careers  vouchsafed  to  a 
Canadian  agriculturist  has  fallen  to  the  lot  of  DR.  JOHN  GUNION 
RUTHERFORD,  horse  breeder,  veterinarian,  agricultural  official, 
army  officer  and  railroad  executive.  DR.  RUTHERFORD  was  born 
at  Mountain  Cross,  Peebleshire,  Scotland,  December  25,  1857. 
He  was  "a  son  of  the  Manse,"  his  father  being  the  REV.  ROBT. 
RUTHERFORD,  a  Presbyterian  minister  at  Peebles.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Glasgow  high  school,  at  Edinburgh,  and  by  means 
of  a  private  tutor.  As  a  young  man  he  came  to  Canada  where 
he  attended  the  Ontario  Agricultural  College  and  the  Ontario 
Veterinary  College  at  Guelph.  Following  graduation  he  entered 
upon  veterinary  practice,  being  located  at  various  points  in 
Canada,  the  United  States  and  Mexico.  In  1884  he  settled  at 
Portage  la  Prairie,  Manitoba,  and  undertook  horse  breeding  and 
production  as  a  side  operation  to  his  practice.  From  1887  to 
1892  he  was  veterinary  inspector  for  the  provincial  government^ 
being  elected  in  the  latter  year  to  the  Lakeside  (Manitoba)  Legis- 
lature. He  remained  a  legislator  for  four  years,  and  was  then 
elected  to  the  Canadian  House  of  Commons,  as  a  member  from 
MacDonald. 

One  of  his  earliest  duties  in  an  official  way  for  Canadian  agri- 
culture was  to  represent  the  Dominion  at  the  International  Insti- 
tute of  Agriculture  at  Rome.  In  1908  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  International  Congress  on  Tuberculosis  at  Washington,  and 
was  elected  the  same  year  to  a  term  as  president  of  the  American 
Veterinary  Medical  Association.  In  1909  he  became  president 
of  the  Civil  Service  Association  of  Canada,  chairman  of  the 
International  Commission  on  the  Control  of  Bovine  Tuberculosis, 
and  president  of  the  Western  Canada  Livestock  Union.  For 
many  years  previous  he  had  been  president  of  the  Horse  Breeders' 
Association  of  Manitoba  and  the  Northwest  Territories.  He 
gained  early  military  experience  in  the  northwest,  having  served 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  15 

under  GEN.  MIDDLETON  as  veterinary  officer  to  the  northwest  field 
force,  during  the  Kiel  Rebellion  in  1885.  DR.  RUTHERFORD  has 
published  a  number  of  monographs  on  veterinary  subjects  as 
well  as  on  horse  breeding  and  the  care  of  horses.  His  chief 
recreations  are  riding  and  driving,  and  he  is  a  notable  fisher- 
man in  the  mountain  waters  of  the  northwest.  He  has  supported 
the  chase  most  heartily  and  is  an  officer  and  member  of  the 
Rideau  Hunt  Club,  and  the  Ranchman's  Club  of  Calgary. 

From  1902  to  1912  he  was  veterinary  director  general  of 
Canada,  and  from  1906  to  1912,  livestock  commissioner  for  the 
Dominion.  At  the  close  of  the  latter  year,  he  resigned  his  posi- 
tion to  assume  the  superintendency  of  agriculture  and  animal 
industry  with  the  department  of  natural  resources  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway.  After  six  years  of  this  duty  he  was  appointed 
member  of  the  Dominion  Board  of  Railway  Commissioners,  with 
headquarters  at  the  Canadian  capital  at  Ottawa.  The  variety  of 
interests  which  he  has  so  successfully  maintained  throughout  his 
life  has  served  to  give  him  an  optimism  of  viewpoint  and  a  for- 
ward tendency  in  thinking  that  have  been  of  real  service  to  Cana- 
dian citizenship. 


16  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  WORD  PAINTER  OF  LIVESTOCK  MASTERPIECES 

3.  The  dean  of  American  showyard  reporters  was  WILLIAM 
RANSDELL  GOODWIN.  Never  was  the  story  of  a  live  stock  exhi- 
bition fully  told  to  a  North  American  breeder  until  he  had 
opportunity  to  read  MR.  GOODWIN'S  virile  comment,  and  never 
could  he  visualize  clearly  the  incidents  of  the  big  ring  battles 
until  his  forceful  pen  had  touched  up  the  higher  lights.  MR. 
GOODWIN'S  indomitable  energy  and  his  extraordinary  facility 
made  a  name  for  him  that  is  almost  immortal.  He  possessed  a 
perennial  potentiality  to  find  in  each  new  show  an  added  luster 
in  the  animals  on  review,  and  from  one  season  to  another  was 
able  to  classify  each  detail  in  which  the  exhibit  of  that  day  had 
surpassed  its  predecessor.  His  reports  of  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition,  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition,  the  Alaska- 
Yukon  Exposition,  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition,  the  Iowa  and 
Illinois  State  Fairs,  the  American  Royals  and  the  Internationals 
were  classic,  no  matter  what  the  breed  nor  how  unusual  the  feature 
he  discussed.  He  was  one  of  the  most  forceful  personalities 
known  to  the  field  of  agricultural  journalism. 

MR.  GOODWIN  was  born  at  Brookville,  Indiana,  August  19, 
1863.  His  father,  WILLIAM  RANSDELL  GOODWIN,  SR.,  was  a  Meth- 
odist divine,  then  president  of  a  college  at  Brookville.  His  early 
education  was  in  the  public  schools  of  Danville,  Quincy  and  De- 
catur,  111.,  and  he  spent  three  years  at  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  Uni- 
versity. In  1883  he  completed,  his  college  course  at  DePauw 
University,  receiving  his  A.  B.  degree.  Three  years  later  his 
A.  M.  was  conferred  by  the  same  school.  He  was  a  member  of 
Beta  Theta  Pi  in  college,  and  for  years  was  joint  host  with  his 
brother,  JUDGE  JOHN  B.  GOODWIN,  to  the  Chicago  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation of  the  fraternity,  either  at  Heatherton,  his  brother's  Naper- 
ville  home,  or  at  Oakhurst,  his  own  estate  near  the  same  town. 

Following  his  graduation  in  1883,  he  allied  himself  with  his 
brother  in  the  breeding  of  Aberdeen-Angus  cattle  at  Beloit, 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  17 

Kans.,  a  breed  with  which  his  brother  secured  a  lifelong  success. 
"WiLL"  GOODWIN  was  not  destined  for  this  long,  however,  as  he 
was  a  born  writer,  and  his  facility  of  expression  coupled  with 
his  love  for  livestock  opened  for  him  a  future  in  agricultural 
journalism  which  did  not  terminate  until  he  had  become  one  of 
its  most  forceful  figures.  In  the  summer  of  1885  he  joined  The 
Breeder's  Gazette,  then  in  its  third  year  of  life.  His  first  duties 
were  in  the  business  department,  looking  after  the  interests  of 
the  holders  of  public  sales  and  aiding  breeders  in  the  purchase 
of  desirable  animals.  After  a  few  years,  however,  he  entered 
the  editorial  department,  first  as  assistant  editor  and  later  as 
managing  editor.  MR.  GOODWIN  succeeded  to  the  last  position 
when  the  editor  of  the  Gazette,  MR.  ALVIN  SANDERS  (12),  was 
appointed  on  the  wool  commission  by  PRESIDENT  TAFT. 

In  1899  MR.  GOODWIN  acquired  an  interest  in  the  stock  of  the 
Sanders  Publishing  Co.,  and  became  its  vice-president.  In  1902 
he  proceeded  to  England  and  Scotland  as  staff  representative  of 
The  Breeder's  Gazette  at  the  English  Royal  and  Highland  and 
Agricultural  Shows.  During  this  trip  he  made  many  warm 
friends  and  broadened  his  livestock  views  perceptibly.  From 
the  opening  of  the  International  he  was  entrusted  with  the  hos- 
pitality extended  the  foreign  judges,  and  secreted  them  at  Oak- 
hurst,  far  from  overzealous  friends  and  designing  exhibitors,  until 
the  show  actually  opened. 

On  his  farm  at  Oakhurst  he  bred  Berkshire  swine,  Buff  Leg- 
horn fowls  and  Indian  Runner  ducks.  He  was  very  fond  of  pet 
stock  and  reared  Scotch  Collies  and  Angora  cats.  For  several 
years  he  was  president  of  the  American  Cat  Association.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Aberdeen-Angus  Association,  a  director  and 
whilom  vice-president  of  the  American  Saddle  Horse  Associa- 
tion, a  judge  of  the  breed,  and  a  staunch  friend  of  GENERAL  JOHN 
B.  CASTLEMAN,  its  chief  promoter.  His  description  of  the  saddle 
horse  gaits  in  The  Breeder's  Gazette  of  two  decades  ago  is  a  rare 


18  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

bit  of  technical  writing.  Through  the  columns  of  this  paper  he 
became  a  powerful  promoter  of  the  4airy  interests  and  a  strong 
supporter  of  the  National  Dairy  Council.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  National  Dairy  Association  and  first  president  of  the  National 
Society  of  Record  Associations.  He  was  an  early  backer  of  the 
SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB,  and  a  life  member  of  the  Interna- 
tional Livestock  Exposition. 

MR.  GOODWIN  was  an  ardent  automobile  enthusiast  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Chicago  Automobile  Club.  As  a  public  speaker  he 
was  in  great  demand  at  breed  conventions,  association  meetings, 
and  livestock  banquets.  His  delivery  was  forceful,  his  logic 
sound;  at  the  1914  International  he  was  credited  with  making 
the  speech  to  the  National  Swine  Growers  that  launched  the 
National  Swine  Show.  He  was  a  program  fixture  for  both  Jersey 
and  Berkshire  breeders,  often  being  called  across  the  continent 
by  the  Jersey  men  for  his  evening  talk. 

Editorially  his  shillaly  swung  sturdily,  and  he  never  hesitated  to 
wield  it  when  the  occasion  demanded.  He  was  possessed  of  strong 
convictions,  always  ready  to  give  battle  for  sound  principles,  and 
always  willing  to  back  to  the  limit  in  an  editorial  way  those  whose 
cause  he  championed.  He  stamped  his  manhood  and  forceful  in- 
tegrity on  every  undertaking  upon  which  he  entered.  His  editorials 
were  meaty  and  pregnant  with  truths.  A  writer  of  an  obituary 
said  of  him,  "He  was  as  rugged  and  strong  as  a  block  of  granite 
and  could  be  swerved  from  his  ideals  for  right  and  justice  neither 
by  threats  nor  entreaties,  neither  for  self  nor  affection.  He  knew 
but  one  code  of  ethics — do  right  as  it  is  given  you  to  know  what 
right  is.  He  never  harmed  a  human  being  nor  allowed  one  to 
harm  him  a  second  time." 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  19 

His  spirit  was  patriarchal  and  his  conscience  guided  his 
thoughts.  He  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished  Congregational 
laymen  in  the  country,  and  was  honored  by  being  selected  to 
serve  as  moderator  at  an  Illinois  conference.  His  prayer  on  that 
occasion  remains  a  classic  to  those  who  heard  it.  He  was  buried 
Tuesday  afternoon,  April  8,  1919,  in  the  village  cemetery  at 
Naperville,  his  shaft  within  sight  of  Oakhurst's  pillars.  No  stone 
can  ever  symbolize  the  imperishable  monument  he  holds  in  the 
hearts  and  minds  of  American  breeders. 


20  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

DIRECTOR  OF  THE  CLASSIC  COLUMBIAN 

4.  It  has  not  been  the  fortune  of  many  Americans  to  rise  from 
the  ranks  of  agriculture  to  highest  influence  in  the  diplomatic 
world,  but  in  recent  years  this  was  indeed  the  achievement  of  the 
HON.  W.  I.  BUCHANAN.  Born  on  an  Iowa  farm,  he  was  grounded 
firmly  in  the  fundamental  cycle  of  the  corn  belt,  "to  grow  more 
corn,  to  feed  more  hogs,  to  buy  more  land,"  and  so  on,  ad  infini- 
tum.  MR.  BUCHANAN'S  experience  particularly  stressed  the  corn 
item,  and  after  becoming  connected  with  the  banking  business  in 
Sioux  City,  he  organized  and  staged  the  first  purely  corn  show 
ever  held.  This  was  founded  in  the  early  nineties  and  was  held 
in  a  "corn  palace"  especially  constructed  for  the  purpose.  His 
success  here  led  to  his  being  appointed  chief  of  agriculture  at  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893.  Numerous  important 
acquaintanceships  originated  here,  and  stress  was  brought  to  bear 
on  President  Cleveland  to  secure  the  secretaryship  of  agriculture 
in  the  new  cabinet.  But  previous  political  promises  prevented 
this,  and  he  was  appointed  Minister  to  the  Argentine.  His  service 
here  was  so  eminently  satisfactory  that  in  spite  of  repeated 
attempts  to  resign,  PRESIDENT  McKiNLEY  forced  him  to  continue 
in  office  under  the  republican  administration.  MR.  BUCHANAN 
rendered  an  invaluable  service  in  the  establishment  of  broader 
trade  relations  with  the  South  American  republic,  and  developed 
such  a  degree  of  confidence  among  Latin-Americans  that  he  was 
selected  to  establish  definitely  the  Venezuelan  border  line  after 
The  Hague  ha4  completed  its  arbitration  of  the  border  claims. 

On  his  return  from  Buenos  Aires,  he  was  appointed  Director 
General  of  the  Pan-American  Exposition  at  Buffalo,  and  con- 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  21 

tributed  largely  to  the  agricultural  success  of  the  show.  MR. 
BUCHANAN  was  first  American  Minister  to  the  Republic  of  Pan- 
ama and  was  High  Commissioner  representing  the  United  States 
during  the  Venezuelan  dispute.  His  death  occurred  from  apo- 
plexy in  London,  October  12,  1909,  while  returning  to  his  apart- 
ments from  a  dinner.  He  was  a  man  of  deepest  integrity  and 
sterling  judgment,  and  he  rendered  a  noteworthy  service  to  the 
livestock  industry  in  years  when  public  recognition  was  vitally 
needed. 


22  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  PROPONENT  OF  LIVESTOCK  SCIENCE 

5.  Foremost  among  the  men  who  have  studied  the  needs  of  the 
animal  in  birth,  growth  and  preparation  for  market,  is  HENRY 
JACKSON  WATERS.  DR.  WATERS  has  had  a  career  far  more  varied 
than  becomes  the  lot  of  the  average  college  professor  and  investi- 
gator. By  the  force  of  his  personality,  by  his  driving  ambition 
to  get  at  the  elemental  subjects  the  livestock  man  must  meet,  and 
by  his  continually  open  and  inquisitive  mind,  he  has  wrought 
for  himself  a  niche  in  agricultural  progress  that  no  other  per- 
sonality will  fill.  DR.  WATERS  was  born  at  Center,  Mo.,  Novem- 
ber 23,  1865,  and  received  his  B.  S.  A.  at  the  University  of 
Missouri  in  1886.  In  1904  and  1905  he  studied  in  the  animal 
nutrition  laboratories  of  the  Universities  of  Leipsic  and  Zurich. 
In  1913  the  New  Hampshire  State  College  conferred  on  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws,  and  three  years  later  the  University 
of  Missouri  honored  him  similarly. 

His  public  activities  began  upon  college  graduation.  He  was 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Missouri  State  Board  of  Agriculture 
from  1886  to  1888;  assistant  agriculturist  of  the  Missouri  Experi- 
ment Station  from  1886  to  1891;  professor  of  agriculture  and 
agriculturist  in  the  experiment  station  at  the  Pennsylvania  Agri- 
cultural College  from  1892  to  1895.  In  1895  he  was  returned 
to  the  University  of  Missouri  as  professor  of  agriculture,  Dean 
of  the  College  of  Agriculture  and  director  of  the  experiment 
station,  a  position  he  retained  until  1909.  The  sessions  of  the 
Graduate  School  of  Agriculture  at  the  University  of  Ohio  in  1902 
and  the  University  of  Illinois  in  1906,  saw  him  as  lecturer  in 
animal  nutrition,  while  he  was  appointed  director  of  the  Missouri 
State  Agricultural  Exhibit  at  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposi- 
tion in  1903-1904.  During  his  last  year  in  Missouri,  he  was 
president  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  and  in  1909  was 
called  to  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College  as  President. 
While  in  this  last  position  he  was  made  commissioner  from  the 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  23 

United  States  to  the  Philippine  Islands  to  report  on  the  agri- 
cultural and  educational  development,  and  had  opportunity  to 
visit  Japan  and  China  at  the  same  time.  In  1909  he  was  made 
a  member  of  the  Kansas  State  Board  of  Education  and  in  1913 
a  member  of  the  State  School  Book  Commission  for  Kansas. 
His  interest  in  the  direction  of  general  education  led  to  his  elec- 
tion as  president  of  the  Kansas  State  Teachers'  Association  in 
1911-1912.  During  the  year  1913-1914  he  presided  over  the 
International  Dry  Farming  Congress.  In  1914  and  1915  he  was 
president  of  the  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Agricultural  Sci- 
ence, and  during  these  years  brought  out  the  most  complete  high 
school  text  book  on  agriculture  yet  published,  entitled  "The 
Essentials  of  Agriculture."  During  his  years  of  research  in  the 
University  of  Missouri,  DR.  WATERS  published  several  papers 
on  the  maintenance  requirements  of  calves,  growing  cattle  and 
mature  animals,  but  his  particularly  chosen  field  of  research  was 
the  influence  of  the  plane  of  nutrition  on  the  type  and  body  form 
of  the  animal.  In  1918  the  weekly  Kansas  City  Star  offered  him 
so  broad  an  opportunity  to  reach  the  farmers  and  cattlemen  of 
the  southwest  that  he  resigned  liis  presidency  at  Manhattan  and 
entered  into  the  editorial  field.  During  the  war  DR.  WATERS  acted 
as  chairman  of  the  Kansas  National  Council  of  Defense,  Food 
Administrator,  Chairman  of  the  Regional  Board  of  War  Industry, 
and  Member  of  the  1917  Commission  to  fix  the  Price  of  Wheat. 
In  1920  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Industrial  Commis- 
sion authorized  by  PRESIDENT  WILSON.  His  appreciation  of  the 
problems  of  the  practical  farmer  and  small  stockbreeder  have 
made  his  work  of  almost  classic  importance  to  the  students  of 
animal  husbandry  and  to  the  cattlemen  of  the  shortgrass  country. 
DR.  WATERS'  portrait  was  presented  to  the  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN 
CLUB  by  the  students  of  the  University  of  Missouri  and  friends. 


24  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

ARCHITECT  OF  OUR  TEMPLE 

6.  Richest  in  associations  with  those  noble  husbandmen  of  the 
half-century  agone  lives  ROBERT  BURNS  OGILVIE,  master  of  Blair- 
gowrie,  and  spiritual  progenitor  of  the  gallery  whose  tales  these 
pages  bear.  Since  first  he  glimpsed  the  concept  of  the  stockman's 
shrine,  his  pulses  have  daily  quickened  to  its  service  and  upbuild- 
ing. He  it  is,  of  all  the  throng  with  pastoral  ideals,  whose  memo- 
ries have  fruited  full;  his  dearest  wish  has  been  to  find  horizons 
which  the  romance  of  the  husbandman  has  not  yet  reached,  and 
through  the  message  of  these  worthy  souls  give  vision  of  the 
artistry  of  herds  and  flocks.  From  Scottish  forebears  he  has 
gained  the  flavor  of  the  land,  the  wind-swept  slopes  of  pastured 
hills  have  given  him  command  of  herder  thought.  Idyl  of  pedi- 
gree and  blood,  of  show  yard  stress,  find  lodgment  in  his  heart, 
and  day  by  day,  inspire  anew  fresh  goals  for  rural  youth. 

The  blood  of  Forfarshire  and  Fife  runs  in  his  veins.  Before 
his  birth  his  parents  crossed  to  Whitby,  Canada,  and  settled  near 
the  site  of  modern  Ashburne.  From  every  viewpoint  the  family 
was  pioneer,  and  the  common  school  instead  of  giving  him  the 
training  for  his  busy  life,  opened  new  fields  of  thought  wherein 
the  world's  masters  had  traveled,  the  realm  of  books.  He  has 
been  a  voluminous  and  careful  reader,  and  though  necessity  early 
forced  him  into  the  mercantile  world,  the  stored  knowledge  of 
nearly  six  decades  finds  ready  access  to  his  tongue,  and  faultless 
memory  can  trace  it  to  its  source.  While  still  in  his  teens  he 
crossed  from  Ontario  to  Wisconsin,  and  in  1867  settled  in  Madi- 
son. Employment  was  found  in  a  dry  goods  store,  and  three 
years  later  the  foreclosers  of  a  mortgage  on  the  business  placed 
him  in  charge.  One  year  proved  him  sufficiently  a  master  to 
cause  the  creditors  of  his  first  employer  to  sell  the  business  to 
him.  Five  years  more  saw  him  the  owner  of  one  of  the  leading 
dry  goods  stores  in  Wisconsin. 


R.   B.  OGILVIE 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  25 

But  the  Scottish  heritage  stirred  in  his  blood,  and  the  love  of 
livestock  led  him  to  supplemental  fields.  In  1867  he  made  his 
first  shipment  of  Clydesdales  from  Canada  to  Wisconsin  and 
entered  the  showring  for  the  first  time  that  year.  As  yet  he  had 
no  land  and  his  animals  were  stabled  in  town.  In  the  early 
seventies  his  equine  interests  had  developed  to  such  a  degree  that 
he  deemed  it  best  to  secure  a  farm,  and  enter  the  draft  horse 
game  in  a  more  permanent  manner.  He  was  very  fortunate  in 
obtaining  Courtney  Hall,  lying  five  miles  east  from  Madison, 
Courtney  Hall  had  been  founded  by  an  English  nobleman,  and 
had  a  most  pretentious  castle  and  fine  outbuildings.  Here  he 
expanded  his  Clydesdale  interests  and  for  a  short  period  engaged 
in  the  breeding  of  Shorthorns,  long  enough  to  develop  a  herd 
of  really  top  rank,  as  far  as  showyard  honors  were  concerned. 
In  1883  an  opportunity  came  to  dispose  of  Courtney  Hall  at  a 
profit,  and  he  secured  Blairgowrie  in  the  township  of  Vienna  in 
Dane  County. 

The  female  stock  that  ultimately  founded  his  greatest  successes 
was  obtained  very  shortly  after  Blairgowrie  was  established. 
ROBERT  BRUCE  had  selected  for  JAMES  J.  HILL  the  finest  bred  and 
highest  priced  importation  of  Clydesdale  mares  ever  sent  to  Amer- 
ica. Thirteen  head  were  included  in  the  lot  and  the  prices  ranged 
from  500  to  800  guineas  in  Scotland.  The  original  price  quoted  did 
not  meet  MR.  OCILVIE'S  purse,  and  it  was  not  until  he  had  made 
four  trips  to  North  Oaks,  that  a  satisfactory  bargain  was  struck. 
MR.  HILL  had  had  an  ambition  to  become  a  second  SIR  WM.  STER- 
LING-MAXWELL, breeder  of  Darnley,  and  wished  North  Oaks  to  be 
an  American  Keir.  However,  he  was  unfortunate  in  the  groom 
selected  to  come  to  America  with  them,  and  after  ineffectual 
attempts  to  replace  him,  decided  to  abandon  the  project  and  sold 
his  entire  importation  to  MR.  OGILVIE.  The  possession  of  such  a 
fine  mare  stock  necessitated  a  suitable  stallion,  and  this 
animal  MR.  OCILVIE  found  in  the  "Matchless"  MacQueen, 


26  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

son  of  MacGregor  by  Darnley,  and  imported  to  Can- 
ada by  GRAHAM  BROS.  MacQueen  reached  Blairgowrie  in  1887, 
and  for  the  next  few  years  a  new  era  in  Clydesdale  breeding  was 
developed  in  America.  MacQueen  put  tops  and  middles  on  Blair- 
gowrie Clydesdales,  at  the  same  time  he  gave  them  proper  under- 
pinning. MR.  OCILVIE  was  enabled  to  show  young  stock  in  a 
bloom  never  before  attempted  in  Clydesdale  arenas  on  this  side 
of  the  water.  Previously  it  was  not  thought  possible  to  put  any 
flesh  at  all  on  a  young  animal  before  growth  was  obtained  with- 
out ruining  it  both  for  work  and  for  breeding.  Showyard  suc- 
cesses for  Blairgowrie  were  phenomenal.  In  the  late  80's  in  an 
interbreed  contest,  MacQueen  and  progeny  defeated  MR.  DUN- 
HAM'S (43)  great  Brilliant,  with  more  mature  offspring.  At  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition,  the  Lasses  o'  Cowrie  were  invinc- 
ible, MacQueen  won  the  aged  stallion  class  and  MR.  OGILVIE 
unquestionably  demonstrated  the  supremacy  of  the  Darnley  blood 
as  compared  to  that  of  Prince  of  Wales.  Most  notable  among  the 
sons  of  MacQueen  was  the  stallion  Young  MacQueen,  sold  to 
the  GRAHAM  BROS.,  as  a  two-year  old.  He  won  the  championship 
at  the  1897  Chicago  show,  and  came  back  to  the  International  of 
1903  to  win  breed  supremacy  once  more,  again  testifying  to  the 
durability  of  the  MacQueen  kind.  Untoward  financial  conditions 
following  the  panic  of  1893,  forced  him  to  disperse  his  stud  and 
to  sell  Blairgowrie  in  1897,  MacQueen  going  back  to  the  GRAHAMS. 

In  1900  he  came  to  Chicago  as  Secretary  of  the  American 
Clydesdale  Association,  a  position  he  has  held  ever  since.  This 
year  was  also  the  first  year  of  the  International,  and  MR.  OGILVIE 
was  elected  Superintendent  of  the  Horse  Department.  Under  his 
constructive  efforts  the  International  Horse  Department  was  a 
success  from  the  beginning.  There  has  seldom  been  a  show  with 
less  than  400  horse  entries,  while  on  some  occasions  the  number 
has  been  nearly  doubled.  MR.  OGILVIE  has  laid  especial  emphasis 
on  the  draft  gelding  show,  and  the  shows  of  single  animals,  pairs, 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  27 

fours  and  sixes  have  become  historic.  In  connection  with  his 
relations  at  the  International  he  has  been  appointed  buyer  of  the 
draft  horses  for  the  Union  Stock  Yard  Co.  and  so  successful  have 
been  his  purchases,  that  the  six-horse  team  that  won  in  1913  was 
of  his  selection,  and  individual  animals  from  the  yards  have  won 
high  class  honors  at  subsequent  shows. 

As  judge  he  has  been  very  popular.  He  placed  the  ribbons 
on  the  Continental  Draft  and  Coach  breeds  at  the  Columbian 
Exposition  and  has  officiated  at  numerous  fairs  since.  He  was 
selected  as  one  of  the  three  judges  to  represent  America  in  1916 
in  the  International  exchange  with  the  Argentine  but  circumstances 
arose  at  the  last  moment  that  prevented  his  taking  the  trip.  MR. 
OGILVIE  rendered  a  great  service  to  the  teaching  of  animal  hus- 
bandry through  his  conceiving  of  the  students'  livestock  judging 
contest.  In  the  early  90's  he  suggested  the  idea  to  PROFESSOR 
CRAIG,  (24)  and  contributed  the  prizes  for  a  contest  conducted 
at  Madison,  the  entrants  being  Wisconsin  boys  in  attendance  at 
the  University.  When  the  International  opened  he  worked  unceas- 
ingly for  staging  a  contest  between  representative  teams  from 
the  different  agricultural  colleges,  and  finally  accomplished  it 
through  the  generosity  of  MR.  CHARLES  ROBINSON,  of  CLAY, 
ROBINSON  &  Co.,  whose  firm  contributed  $1,000  annually  to 
finance  the  necessary  expense  and  the  prizes. 

Under  MR.  OGILVIE'S  administration  of  the  Clydesdale  Asso- 
ciation there  have  been  attracted  to  its  standard  a  number  of  men 
throughout  New  England  and  the  Middle  States,  who  have  become 
ardent  advocates  and  aggressive  breeders  of  Clydesdales,  men 
whose  tastes,  dispositions  and  wealth  are  such  as  to  secure  for 
the  breed  a  most  prosperous  future.  These  men  have  purchased 
the  very  best  blood  of  the  breed  in  Scotland,  at  long  prices,  and 
are  building  on  these  foundations  in  America  to  newer  and 
greater  breeding  triumphs. 


28  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

His  greatest  service  to  livestock  men  in  general,  however,  is  his 
founding  of  the  portrait  gallery  in  the  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB. 
While  at  Blairgowrie  he  had  made  the  beginnings  of  such  a  gal- 
lery by  securing  mezzotints,  etchings,  engravings  and  oil  paint- 
ings of  the  principal  contributors  to  the  art  of  breeding  in 
Britain  throughout  the  early  part  of  the  last  century,  and  the  oils 
were  loaned  to  the  CLUB  as  a  nucleus  from  which  the  present 
gallery  has  grown.  The  idea  has  been  copied  since  by  the  Uni« 
versity  of  Illinois  in  its  Hall  of  Fame,  in  which  portraits  of 
notable  contributors  to  the  agriculture  of  the  state  are  hung,  but 
as  yet  there  is  no  real  rival  to  the  gallery  of  this  CLUB,  both 
because  of  the  extent  of  the  interests  affected  and  the  breadth  of 
appeal  in  the  achievements  of  the  different  men  honored.  Nowhere 
in  America  does  there  exist  any  rival  for  inspirational  value  to 
rural  youth,  to  the  portraits  hung  here. 

MR.  OGILVIE  is  an  inspiration  himself  to  every  young  lover  of 
purebred  livestock.  He  possesses  a  wealth  of  memories  and  asso- 
ciations with  the  men  of  the  last  generation  rivalled  only  by 
WILLIAM  MILLER  (116),  and  RICHARD  GIBSON  (113).  This  kin- 
ship was  felt  strongly  by  the  three,  and  resulted  in  an  intimate 
relationship  whose  sentiment  and  charm  has  been  rarely  equalled. 
Each  possessed  a  love  for  high  thoughts  well  expressed,  and  each 
was  a  master  in  his  own  way  of  this  art.  So  it  came  that  in  the 
fall  of  1905  there  was  an  almost  prophetic  quality  in  the  words 
of  MR.  MILLER,  as  he  sat  on  the  veranda  of  the  old  Transit  House 
in  the  cool  of  the  evening,  during  his  last  return  to  his  Iowa 
home  after  visiting  in  Canada: 

"ROBERT,  I  shall  never  see  you  again.  This  is  my  last  trip.  I 
must  say  goodbye.  I  feel  sorry  for  you.  All  of  us  whom  you 
have  loved  are  passing  on  and  you  will  be  left  here  alone,  the 
solitary  oak  in  the  tilled  field,  whose  leaves  drop  one  by  one,  and 
lonely  waits  the  day  when  he  too  shall  fall  beside  them." 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  29 

THE  PIONEER  IN  DAIRY  JOURNALISM 

7.  WILLIAM  DEMPSTER  HOARD,  patriarch  of  dairy  husbandry, 
was  born  in  Stockbridge,  New  York,  October  10,  1836,  and  died 
at  Fort  Atkinson,  Wisconsin,  November  22,  1918.  His  boyhood 
days  were  spent  on  his  grandfather's  farm,  where  he  gained  a 
wealth  of  information  that  served  him  well  in  his  later  years. 
At  sixteen  he  was  hired  by  Waterman  Simons,  a  York  State  dairy- 
man, who  taught  him  the  rudiments  of  making  butter  and  cheese, 
and  the  feeding  and  care  of  cattle.  In  1857  the  lure  of  the  west 
brought  him  to  Lowell,  Wisconsin.  His  life  ideals  were  as  yet 
uncrystallized  and  for  several  years  he  taught  singing  school,  gave 
instruction  on  the  violin,  and  at  odd  moments  pursued  studies  to 
prepare  him  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel.  He  received  a  license 
to  exhort,  but  owing  to  vital  differences  of  opinion  with  the  pre- 
siding elder  over  some  of  the  fundamental  church  doctrines,  he 
burned  his  license  and  went  to  cutting  wood. 

The  Civil  War  found  him  in  Company  D  of  the  Fourth  Wis- 
consin Volunteers,  and  he  was  under  GENERAL  BUTLER  at  the 
capture  of  New  Orleans.  Ill  health  forced  him  to  'leave  the  army, 
and  he  returned  to  his  parental  home  in  New  York,  but  with 
recuperation,  he  again  enlisted,  this  time  in  Battery  A  of  the 
New  York  Artillery,  and  served  until  the  end  of  the  war.  Upon 
discharge  he  returned  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  entered  the  nursery 
and  hop  growing  business.  He  made  some  money  in  the  fortnei 
branch,  but  lost  an  even  greater  sum  on  his  hops,  leaving  him 
a  debt  that  required  twenty  years'  work  to  meet.  In  1870  he 
started  the  Jefferson  County  Union  at  Lake  Mills,  and  in  1872 
removed  to  Fort  Atkinson,  Wisconsin,  where  this  paper  has  since 
been  published.  HOARD'S  Dairyman  was  launched  in  1885.  In 
1871  he  founded  the  Wisconsin  State  Dairyman's  Association,  of 
which  he  was  made  the  Secretary.  This  was  among  the  first 
organizations  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States,  and  it  developed 


30  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

so  potent  an  influence  that  today  Wisconsin  is  without  a  peer  in 
dairy  production. 

In  the  early  70's  MR.  HOARD  glimpsed  the  vision  of  what  dairy- 
ing in  the  west  might  become.  At  that  time  Wisconsin's  total 
production  of  cheese  annually  was  less  than  a  million  pounds, 
but  in  the  absence  of  marketing  facilities  this  seemed  an  enor- 
mous amount  to  the  people  of  his  time.  The  Liverpool  market 
laid  the  price  foundations  for  cheese,  and  the  bulk  of  American 
product  was  shipped  there.  New  York  and  the  Western  Reserve 
in  Ohio  were  the  great  cheese  producing  sections,  but  MR.  HOARD 
realized  that  suitable  freight  rates  would  increase  Wisconsin's 
cheese  production  by  leaps  and  bounds.  At  that  time  it  cost  two 
and  one-half  cents  a  pound  to  ship  cheese  by  ordinary  freight  to 
the  port  of  New  York.  Interviews  with  representatives  of  the 
different  freight  lines  in  Chicago  proved  fruitless,  but  as  a  last 
resort  he  broached  his  scheme  to  W.  W.  CHANDLER,  agent  of  the 
Star  Union  Line,  the  first  refrigerator  line  in  America.  MR. 
CHANDLER'S  "What  do  you  want,  sir?",  snapped  at  him  from  a 
wheeled  chair,  seemed  none  too  promising.  MR.  HOARD  replied, 
"I  represent  a  million  pounds  of  Wisconsin  cheese,  seeking  an 
outlet  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard  ...  I  want  you  to  make 
a  rate  of  one  cent  a  pound  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Atlantic  in 
refrigerated  cars,  and  I  also  want  you  to  send  a  refrigerator  car 
to  Watertown,  Wisconsin,  to  a  meeting  of  our  Dairy  Board  next 
week,  and  come  yourself  to  explain  its  advantages  and  workings." 
The  audacity  of  the  request  turned  MR.  CHANDLER  breathless, 
and  to  his  feeble  inquiry,  "Is  there  anything  else  you  want?", 
MR.  HOARD  responded,  "Not  yet."  The  project  was  successful, 
and  the  rate  continued  for  approximately  thirty-five  years.  In 
the  year  1913,  Wisconsin  cheese  products  exceeded  one  hundred 
and  ninety  million  pounds,  while  over  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
three  million  pounds  of  butter  were  produced. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  31 

HOARD'S  Dairyman  has  grown  from  a  small  four  page  paper 
to  a  thirty  or  forty  page  weekly  edition,  and  has  an  international 
circulation  of  over  seventy-five  thousand. 

In  1888  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Wisconsin.  In  this  posi- 
tion he  succeeded  in  establishing  a  law  to  create  a  Dairy  and  Food 
Commission.  He  championed  honest  food  products,  and  thus 
came  into  violent  conflict  with  the  then  fraudulent  traffic  in  oleo- 
margarine, compelling  it  to  sell  on  its  own  merits,  and  not  under 
the  name  of  butter.  He  sponsored  the  Bennett  Law,  requiring 
the  teaching  of  English  in  all  schools  in  Wisconsin.  So  violent 
an  opposition  was  raised  by  the  proponents  of  the  German  paro- 
chial school  that  he  was  defeated  for  re-election  on  this  issue  in 
1890.  GOVERNOR  HOARD'S  concept  of  American  Citizenship  was 
perhaps  ahead  of  its  time,  but  it  contained  the  elements  for 
which  we  have  so  recently  fought.  He  was  a  delightful  com- 
panion, and  welcome  to  the  friendship  of  the  poorest  workman, 
or  the  wealthiest  capitalist;  appreciated  by  both  the  ignorant  and 
the  most  highly  educated.  He  was  intensely  practical,  and  yet 
a  voracious  student  of  the  rural  sciences.  He  has  been  compared 
for  his  humor,  his  political  honesty,  his  rugged  character,  and 
his  many  sided  personality  to  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN  (75).  His 
recognition  of  the  specialized  dairy  cow  as  the  foster  mother  of 
the  human  race  made  him,  if  not  the  originator,  at  least  the 
world's  greatest  evangel,  of  the  doctrine  of  specialized  dairying. 
His  favorite  expression  was  "Treat  the  cow  as  a  mother,  and  her 
calf  as  a  baby."  In  1915  GOVERNOR  HOARD  was  officially  honored 
by  the  state  government  as  Wisconsin's  most  distinguished  citizen. 


32  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

AN  AMERICAN  WHO  INVADED  SHROPSHIRE 

8.  Probably  the  pioneer  Shropshire  breeder  of  the  United 
States  from  a  constructive  standpoint  was  DR.  G.  HOWARD  DAVISON. 
His  foundations  for  the  Altamont  flock  at  Millbrook,  N.  Y.,  were 
laid  in  the  best  blood  to  be  secured  in  Britain  during  the  90's, 
his  purchases  being  from  the  TANNER,  BOWEN-JONES  and  MINTON 
flocks.  American  breeders  of  those  days  leaned  very  strongly 
toward  a  big-framed,  slower  maturing,  open  fleeced  kind,  but 
DR.  DAVISON  from  the  start  advocated  a  compact,  thickly  mealed, 
early  finishing  type  that  would  fit  more  strongly  into  the  niceties 
of  consumer  demand.  His  first  sheep  were  brought  over  in  1893 
under  the  care  of  his  first  shepherd,  HERBERT  Fox.  Ambitious 
to  equal  the  productions  of  the  Shrewsbury  district,  he  sent  to 
England  the  second  year  thereafter  a  flock  of  his  own  breeding 
for  exhibition  and  competition  at  the  English  Royal.  So  suc- 
cessful did  this  mission  prove  that  DR.  DAVISON  was  paid  high 
tribute  by  the  British  agricultural  journals  of  the  day  and  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society.  In  the  same 
year,  1895,  he  secured  DAN  TAYLOR  as  shepherd,  thereby  bringing 
to  America  one  of  the  master  Shropshire  fitters  of  the  last  quarter 
century.  Two  years  later  he  secured  FRED  Fox  and  in  1898, 
TOM  BRADBURNE,  who  remained  with  him  for  over  twelve  years. 
TOM  possessed  the  genius  for  developing  through  his  ovine  arti- 
sanship  what  DR.  DAVISON  sought  in  his  capacity  as  breeder.  The 
Altamont  or  Davison  type  became  a  distinct  stamp  in  the  show- 
yard,  arousing  violent  arguments  on  more  than  one  occasion.  In 
season  and  out,  DR.  DAVISON  fought  and  fought  for  the  short- 
legged,  well-sprung  type  with  thickness  of  back  and  plumpness 
of  quarters.  In  his  campaign  he  sent  rams  to  nearly  all  of  the 
agricultural  colleges  and  experiment  stations,  to  spread  the 
knowledge  of,  and  demand  for,  his  sheep.  If  the  college  was 
unable  to  pay  for  them,  as  frequently  happened,  he  gave  them 
to  the  institution,  thereby  starting  an  acquaintance  with  his  kind 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  33 

of  sheep  that  ultimately  has  won  the  day  in  American  Shropshire 
breeding  circles.  Altamont  rams  have  had  a  profound  effect  in 
unifying  Shropshire  standards  and  in  coordinating  types  through- 
out all  sections  of  the  country.  Rams  tracing  to  Borough  Magis- 
trate, British  Yeoman,  or  other  stock  sires  in  his  flock,  had  a 
pedigree  value  in  addition  to  their  individual  merit,  no  matter 
to  whom  the  sale  might  be.  DR.  DAVISON  believed  thoroughly 
that  the  longer  a  flock  was  bred  under  the  same  conditions;  that 
is,  on  the  same  farm,  under  the  same  management,  fed  by  the 
same  feeder,  and  bred  according  to  the  same  system,  the  greater 
would  be  the  resulting  prepotence  and  uniformity.  The  lambs 
of  his  last  show  flocks  traced  back  five  generations  on  the  sire's 
side  and  four  on  the  dam's  side  to  animals  of  his  own  breeding, 
and  proved  exceptionally  strong  breeders  in  other  flocks.  Alta- 
mont sheep  were  dispersed  in  1911,  and  DR.  DAVISON  has  since 
been  busied  in  other  fields  of  agricultural  activity. 

In  1892,  he  was  elected  a  director  of  the  Dutchess  County  Fair, 
New  York,  and  thus  opened  a  broad  career  in  connection  with 
agricultural  exhibitions.  During  the  years  that  the  New  York 
State  Fair  was  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  State  Agricultural 
Society,  he  was  both  a  member  of  the  Board  and  secretary  and 
general  manager  of  the  show.  The  last  position  was  held  in 
1893,  while  the  directorship  lasted  from  1893  to  1903.  When 
the  National  Association  of  Exhibitors  of  Livestock  was  organized 
in  1894,  he  was  elected  its  secretary,  and  the  following  year  he 
was  made  president  of  the  National  Livestock  Show  at  Madison 
Square  Garden,  New  York.  From  1898  to  1914  he  was  an  execu- 
tive of  the  American  National  Livestock  Association,  while  in 
1899  he  became  a  member  of  the  new  association  that  guaranteed 
the  International  Livestock  Exposition.  He  was  made  a  member 
of  the  latter's  executive  committee  and  was  its  president  for  the 
shows  of  1917  and  1918.  In  1915  he  was  made  a  director  of  the 


34  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

National  Horse  Show  Association  of  America  and  the  following 
year  a  director  of  the  Association  of  American  Horse  Shows  Inc. 

DR.  DAVISON'S  permanence  of  agricultural  endeavor  is  indi- 
cated by  the  variety  of  organizations  for  the  promotion  of  live- 
stock and  allied  interests  with  which  he  has  been  identified.  He 
holds  life  memberships  in  the  New  York  State  Agricultural 
Society,  the  American  Hackney  Horse  Society,  and  the  American 
Guernsey  Cattle  Club.  For  twelve  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  American  Shropshire  Registry  Asso- 
ciation, and  for  three  consecutive  years  was  its  president.  When 
the  American  Dairy  Shorthorn  Association  was  organized  in  1912, 
DR.  DAVISON  was  elected  president  and  served  in  this  capacity  for 
a  period  of  two  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  National  Wool  Growers'  Association  for  eight  years, 
and  under  GOVERNOR  LEVI  P.  MORTON  of  New  York,  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Control  of  the  New  York  State  Experiment 
Station  at  Geneva. 

This  variety  of  positions  furnished  him  an  opportunity  to  form 
an  acquaintanceship  of  national  extent,  which  has  caused  him  to 
drift  rather  naturally  into  the  journalistic  field.  He  has  acted 
as  president  of  the  Advanced  Agricultural  Publishing  Company 
which  publishes  The  Field  Illustrated;  president  of  the  American 
International  Publishers  Inc.,  which  publishes  El  Campo  Inter- 
national; and  until  February  1,  1918,  president  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Press  Inc.,  which  published  the  Agricultural  Digest.  In 
1916  he  was  made  chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
National  Agricultural  Society,  which  backed  the  last  named  pub- 
lication. 

DR.  DAVISON  was  born  with  instincts  that  made  him  a  lover  of 
the  soil  and  a  connoisseur  of  its  products.  He  graduated  from 
Yale  University  in  1888  and  received  his  bachelor's  degree  from 
Cornell  in  agriculture  one  year  later.  He  thereupon  entered  a 
course  at  the  American  Veterinary  College  where  he  received  his 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  35 

D.  V.  S.  in  1890.  His  technical  training,  however,  was  designed 
to  fit  him  for  a  livestock  breeder  rather  than  veterinary  practice, 
as  he  had  showed  in  his  boyhood,  even  as  early  as  the  shows  of 
1879,  a  tendency  toward  breeding  mastery.  His  subjects  at  this 
time  were  guinea  pigs,  and  he  succeeded  in  developing  squareness 
of  quarters,  and  carriage  of  head  and  crest  that  made  his  pigs 
invincible  at  the  pet  stock  shows. 

The  extent  and,  degree  of  service  which  DR.  DAVISON  has  ren- 
dered to  American  agriculture  is  difficult  to  estimate.  An  ardent 
sportsman,  he  has  lent  his  influence  at  all  times  to  the  upbuilding 
and  preservation  of  the  sports  of  rural  England,  coaching,  cours- 
ing and  the  chase.  As  superintendent  of  the  sheep  department 
of  the  International,  he  built  up  a  strong  organization  that  pos- 
sessed a  character  fully  equivalent  to  the  best  of  the  mutton  shows 
abroad.  His  example  in  doing  permanent  American  breeding 
has  served  to  guide  a  number  of  the  best  sheep  breeders  since, 
and  so  constructive  have  been  their  efforts  that  it  has  been 
possible  for  them  to  maintain  the  standards  of  their  respective 
breeds  even  when  sources  of  new  blood  have  been  denied  them 
through  foot-and-mouth  quarantine  or  other  handicap. 


36  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

PROPHET  OF  THE  PRAIRIE  PROVINCES 

9.  HONORABLE  DUNCAN  McLEAN  MARSHALL,  Minister  for  Agri- 
culture in  the  province  of  Alberta,  was  born  in  a  one-room  log 
shanty  in  the  township  of  Elderslie,  Bruce  Co.,  Ontario,  Sept.  24, 
1873.  His  father,  John  Marshall,  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
region.  The  public  school  on  an  adjoining  farm  provided  his 
first  education,  but  he  was  later  sent  to  the  Walkerton  High 
School,  and  the  Owen  Sound  Collegiate  Institute.  On  Jan.  1, 
1890,  he  embarked  on  a  career  of  public  school  teaching  in  his 
native  township.  The  years  preceding  and  following  this  period 
were  ones  of  very  great  depression  for  Ontario  farmers,  and  he, 
like  a  number  of  other  farm  boys,  found  teaching  school  a 
quicker  way  of  earning  a  little  cash  than  any  other  available, 
Nevertheless  he  was  continuously  engaged  in  farm  work  on  Sat- 
urdays and  holidays,  devoting  especial  attention  to  the  livestock 
of  his  father's  farm.  JOHN  MARSHALL  had  early  entered  into  the 
cattle  business,  both  as  feeder  and  as  drover,  selling  on  the 
Buffalo  and  Toronto  markets,  hence  it  was  natural  that  his  son 
should  display  something  of  the  same  bent.  At  fourteen  years 
he  acquired  his  first  interest  in  purebred  Shorthorns,  purchasing 
several  on  his  own  account.  Hence  when  the  lean  years  of 
farming  arrived,  MR.  MARSHALL  never  lost  his  determination  to 
be  a  breeder  of  highest  class  livestock. 

During  his  term  of  service  as  a  teacher  he  did  organization 
work  for  a  farmers'  association  and  political  party  in  eastern 
Canada  known  as  the  Patrons  of  Industry.  He  proved  to  be  the 
most  successful  agent  in  spreading  the  influence  of  this  farmers' 
movement  throughout  Ontario,  although  then  but  a  youth  of 
sixteen  years.  From  this  initial  adventure  in  political  campaign- 
ing up  to  the  present,  he  has  proved  to  be  a  powerful  influence 
in  Dominion  affairs,  and  has  received  invitations  to  deliver  poli- 
tical addresses  both  in  Canada  and  the  United  States. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  37 

After  a  few  years  of  teaching  he  moved  to  Toronto  where  he 
engaged  in  daily  newspaper  work,  later  acquiring  farm  paper 
interests.  At  one  time  he  owned  several  weekly  papers  in  Ontario, 
and  became  a  sufficiently  prominent  figure  to  stand  for  Parlia- 
ment in  one  election,  but  was  unsuccessful.  In  1905  circum- 
stances seemed  ripe  for  him  to  locate  on  a  farm,  an  ambition  he 
had  cherished  throughout  the  years,  hence  he  removed  with  his 
family  to  Alberta.  Unusual  conditions  prevented  his  immediate 
realization  of  his  ideal,  however,  and  for  three  years  he  acted  as 
managing  editor  of  the  Edmonton  Daily  Bulletin.  During  this 
period  he  completed  the  purchase  of  a  farm  near  Olds  that  is 
now  his  family  home,  and  he  built  up  on  the  raw  prairie  a  most 
attractive  homestead,  with  thoroughly  modern  improvements,  an 
exceptionally  strong  herd  of  Shorthorn  cattle  and  a  notable  stud 
of  Clydesdales. 

Four  years  after  his  arrival  in  Alberta  he  was  offered  the  nomi- 
nation to  the  Alberta  legislature  for  the  constituency  of  Olds,  but 
was  no  sooner  elected  than  he  was  asked  by  the  Prime  Minister 
of  the  province  to  become  Minister  for  Agriculture  in  his  gov- 
ernment. This  position  he  has  held  ever  since,  his  work  being 
of  a  most  aggressive  nature,  both  as  regards  the  building  up  of 
the  livestock  industry  and  the  spread  of  agricultural  education. 
In  the  latter  he  has  founded  something  entirely  different  from 
the  conventional  scheme  of  agricultural  schools  by  establishing 
separate  institutions  at  different  points  in  the  province,  for  the 
education  of  farmers'  sons  and  daughters.  These  schools  are 
capable  of  handling  about  150  students,  and  the  six  thus  far 
established  have  been  a  signal  success. 

His  work  has  surpassed  that  of  any  Minister  of  Agriculture  in 
the  Canadian  provinces,  JOHN  DRYDEN  (14)  only  excepted.  Dur- 
ing his  term  of  office  he  has  promoted  the  introduction  of  pure- 
bred sires  to  Alberta,  and  has  formed  a  large  number  of  coop- 
erative sire  associations  which  have  imported  animals  both  from 


38  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

the  United  States  and  Great  Britain.  He  has  founded  an  exten- 
sive system  of  Farmers'  Institutes  and  has  organized  district, 
township  and  county  fairs  that  give  each  farm  boy  a  chance  to 
contest  his  skill  as  herdsman  or  shepherd  against  the  other  boys 
of  his  community. 

MR.  MARSHALL  has  very  naturally  occupied  many  positions  in 
connection  with  livestock  associations,  among  them  a  directorship 
in  the  Dominion  Shorthorn  Breeders'  Association,  and  the  presi- 
dency of  the  Western  Canada  Shorthorn  Association.  He  has 
been  a  frequent  visitor  to  the  United  States,  attending  and 
addressing  livestock  meetings  and  conventions  over  regions  as 
dispersed  as  Portland,  Oregon,  and  Columbus,  Ohio.  One  of 
his  greatest  services  has  been  to  promote  the  settlement  of  western 
Canada  agriculturally,  and  he  has  drawn  freely  on  his  acquain- 
tances throughout  the  eastern  provinces  and  the  States  for  this 
purpose. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  39 

CULTURIST  AND  AGRICULTURIST 

10.  HONORABLE  HENRY  FAIRFAX  was  a  high  type  of  cultured 
Virginian  gentleman.  He  bore  himself  with  a  dignity  of  manner 
that  was  at  all  times  democratic,  and  he  deservedly  became  one 
of  the  most  popular  men  of  his  county  and  state,  as  well  as  the 
leading  proponent  in  America  of  that  breed  of  horses  he  so  ener- 
getically fathered.  Born  in  Alexandria,  Virginia,  May  4,  1850, 
he  had  not  sufficient  age  to  participate  in  the  internecine  conflict 
which  occurred  during  his  teens.  His  family  emigrated  from 
England  in  1767,  locating  first  in  Maryland,  but  after  fourteen 
years  of  struggle  removed  to  Virginia.  In  1852,  his  father,  COL. 
JOHN  W.  FAIRFAX,  bought  the  famous  estate  in  Loudoun  county 
known  as  Oak  Hill,  long  the  residence  of  PRESIDENT  JAMES 
MONROE.  Except  for  a  few  years  when  owned  by  DR.  QUINBY, 
during  the  reconstructive  period  of  the  south,  the  estate  has  ever 
since  been  in  the  hands  of  the  Fairfax  family.  In  1867,  MR. 
FAIRFAX  entered  the  Virginia  Military  Institute  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1871.  He  thereupon  entered  his  first  work  as  chainman 
with  an  engineering  party  in  Pennsylvania,  and  worked  in  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  Colorado  and  Idaho.  In  1879  he  took  railroad 
contracts  in  Tennessee  and  continued  in  such  work  until  1887, 
building  a  considerable  portion  of  the  Norfolk  and  Western, 
Shenandoah  Valley,  Ohio  River  and  East  Tennessee  &  North 
Carolina  railroads.  He  was  engineer  in  charge  of  Machinery 
Hall  at  the  Centennial  Exposition  in  1876. 

In  the  early  80's,  MR.  FAIRFAX  maintained  his  office  in  Roanoke, 
Virginia,  where  he  was  elected  to  the  town  council,  his  first  ven- 
ture in  politics.  From  1890  to  1900  he  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  from  Loudoun  and  Fauquier  counties,  and  the  follow- 
ing two  years  was  a  member  of  the  state  constitutional  conven- 
tion, at  which  he  was  chairman  of  the  Finance  and  Taxation 
Committee.  From  1902  to  1905  he  was  a  member  of  the  Cor- 
poration Commission.  His  fitness  for  this  latter  position  had 


40  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

been  developed  through  his  experience  as  a  director  of  two 
national  banks. 

SENATOR  FAIRFAX  had  an  inborn  love  of  fine  horses,  and  with 
his  acquisition  of  Oak  Hill  in  1885  he  entered  extensively  into 
the  breeding  and  showing  of  Hackneys.  His  animals  were  taken 
into  the  prize  ring  of  every  large  horse  exhibition  in  America, 
and  two  of  his  best  were  practically  undisputed  champions  of 
the  Hackney  breed.  MR.  FAIRFAX  was  the  first  man  in  America 
deliberately  and  skillfully  to  breed  for  horses  genuinely  fitted  in 
form  and  action  for  show  arena  and  park  or  boulevard.  His 
foundation  stock  was  secured  in  the  well-bred  Kentucky  and 
Virginia  mares,  while  a  thorough  scouring  of  Europe  for  a  sire 
led  to  his  choice  of  the  Hackney  stallion,  Matchless  of  Londes- 
boro.  Throughout  a  series  of  years,  his  progeny,  bred  and  fitted 
at  Oak  Hill  for  harness  use  brought  an  average  at  public  and 
private  sale  of  nearly  $900.  For  many  years  eastern  Hackney 
breeders  sent  their  mares  to  the  cover  of  Oak  Hill  stallions,  and 
the  care  of  mature  and  young  stock  from  other  studs  formed  a 
substantial  part  of  the  work  on  the  1,700-acre  estate. 

HENRY  FAIRFAX  was  for  many  years  president  of  the  Hackney 
Breeders'  Association  of  America,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
July  11,  1916,  was  president  of  the  Virginia  State  Fair  Associa- 
tion. His  spiritual  life  was  deep  and  wholesome,  and  for  many 
years  he  was  vestryman  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of 
Aldie. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  41 

WHO'S  WHO  IN  HOOSIERDOM 

11.  Dean  of  the  School  of  Agriculture  and  Chief  of  Animal 
Husbandry  in  Purdue  University  is  JOHN  HARRISON  SKINNER.  A 
native  Indianan,  he  has  been  a  notable  factor  in  the  upbuilding 
of  the  purebred  livestock  interests  of  the  Hoosier  state  and  in 
disseminating  among  its  smaller  breeders  and  farmers,  first  class 
animals  for  sires  and  matrons.  He  has  set  a  notable  example  to 
them  by  his  development  of  small  herds  of  Shorthorns,  Herefords 
and  Aberdeen-Angus  at  the  University  Farm.  From  a  limited 
investment  in  only  two  or  three  cows  of  each  breed  and  a  good 
bull,  he  has  developed  three  International  grand  champion  steers. 
The  first  of  these,  Fyvie  Knight,  the  Aberdeen-Angus  champion 
of  1908,  was  only  fed  at  the  farm,  but  Merry  Monarch,  Short- 
horn champion  of  1917,  and  Fyvie  Knight  2d,  Aberdeen- Angus 
champion  of  1918,  were  both  bred  and  fed  at  Lafayette. 

DEAN  SKINNER  was  born  at  Romney,  Ind.,  March  10,  1874,  and 
was  reared  on  a  farm.  He  attended  the  local  district  schools  and 
in  1893  entered  Purdue  University,  receiving  his  B.  S.  in  1897, 
and  being  an  honor  student  and  member  of  Sigma  Xi.  He  served 
his  full  rural  apprenticeship  in  the  fields  and  among  the  herds 
and  flocks  of  his  father's  farm,  and  for  a  period  of  two  and  one- 
half  years  after  graduation  busied  himself  as  farm  manager 
at  home,  sifting  the  chaff  from  the  wheat  of  his  college  learning. 

In  1899  he  was  assigned  to  duties  as  assistant  agriculturist  at 
the  Purdue  Station,  but  in  1901  was  called  to  the  University  of 
Illinois  as  instructor  in  animal  husbandry.  The  following  year 
he  returned,  to  Purdue  as  associate  professor  of  his  subject  and 
chief  of  his  department.  His  professorship  came  in  1906  and 
one  year  later  he  was  made  dean  of  the  School  of  Agriculture, 
which  position  he  still  holds. 

He  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Indiana  Livestock  Breeders' 
Association  in  1905  and  at  later  periods  served  in  the  same 
capacity  for  the  Indiana  Cattle  Feeders'  Association  and  the 


42  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Indiana  Draft  Horse  Breeders'  Association,  both  of  which  he 
aided  in  organizing.  He  was  a  judge  of  sheep  at  the  Louisiana 
Purchase  Exposition  in  1904  and  of  Rambouillets  at  the  1906 
and  1907  Internationals.  At  the  latter  show  he  also  officiated  in 
the  Aberdeen-Angus  rings. 

Under  his  deanship,  the  School  of  Agriculture  has  more  than 
quadrupled  in  size,  now  having  an  attendance  of  well  over  800. 
He  has  organized  a  poultry  department,  and  has  added  numerous 
buildings  to  the  school.  As  head  of  his  department  he  has 
directed  a  great  burden  of  research  into  the  question  of  silage 
for  fattening  cattle  and  sheep,  and  has  done  much  to  introduce 
silos  to  Indiana  farms. 

DEAN  SKINNER'S  efforts  at  agricultural  improvement  have  been 
confined  largely  to  his  native  state.  His  methods  are  unas- 
suming and  his  successes  quiet,  but  he  has  builded  a  foundation 
in  his  herds  and  set  a  record  in  the  showyard  most  difficult  for 
other  colleges  to  equal.  His  portrait  is  hung  on  the  walls  of  the 
SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  at  the  instance  of  hundreds  of  Purdue 
students,  and  was  paid  for  by  subscriptions  among  them. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  43 

THE  PSALMIST  OF  HUSBANDRY 

12.  The  dean  of  American  livestock  journalists  is  ALVIN 
HOWARD  SANDERS,  editor  of  The  Breeder's  Gazette.  To  MR.  SAN- 
DERS more  than  to  any  other  man  is  due  the  literary  standards 
which  have  been  set  up  in  agricultural  publications,  and  the  dig-* 
nified,  development  in  a  magazine  of  quality  of  the  interests  and 
ideals  of  the  progressive  livestock  farmer.  Bred  in  the  atmos- 
phere of  journalistic  service,  MR.  SANDERS  has  carried  forward 
the  great  achievement  of  his  father's  life  to  realms  of  higher  and 
more  varied  usefulness.  He  has  taken  upon  his  shoulders  the 
burden  of  bridging  the  gap  between  the  present  generation  of 
American  husbandry  and  the  preceding  one.  In  the  growing 
volumes  of  breed  histories  and  biographical  sketches  of  the  live- 
stock masters,  he  has  conferred  a  service  rivalled  only  by  the 
peerless  Druid  of  last  century  England. 

ALVIN  H.  SANDERS  was  born  Sept.  8,  1860,  in  Keokuk  Co., 
Iowa.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  but  received  his  education 
in  law  at  Northwestern  University,  graduating  in  1881.  Through- 
out his  college  years  a  desk  was  set  aside  for  him  in  the  office  of 
the  National  Livestock  Journal,  where  he  began  his  apprentice- 
ship at  a  weekly  wage  of  ten  dollars.  Here  he  checked  the  proofs 
of  the  many  herd  and  sale  catalogs  printed  by  the  Journal  for 
the  leading  western  Shorthorn  breeders.  Most  painstaking  efforts 
were  necessary  in  order  to  prevent  error  in  names  or  herd  book 
numbers.  By  careful  attention  to  the  duties  here  bestowed  upon 
him,  MR.  SANDERS  acquired  a  voluminous  information  of  the  fash- 
ionableness  or  unfashionableness  of  pedigrees.  The  grind  of 
such  details  naturally  drove  his  preferences  to  the  practice  of 
law,  and  during  the  years  before  graduation  his  career  as  lawyer 
or  newspaper  man  trembled  in  the  balance.  The  straw  that 
turned  his  footsteps  forever  to  journalism  came  unexpectedly 
in  1881  with  a  failure  on  the  part  of  the  editor  of  the  Journal  to 
review  the  recently  compiled  catalog  of  the  herd  of  HON.  WILLIAM 


44  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

N.  SMITH,  Lexington,  111.  MR.  SANDERS  came  to  the  rescue  in 
the  pinch,  and  was  so  successful  that  his  permanence  as  a  live- 
stock writer  was  assured.  With  the  launching  of  The  Breeder's 
Gazette  in  December,  1881,  MR.  SANDERS  took  most  active  steps 
toward  the  upbuilding  of  the  new  undertaking.  He  personally 
made  a  trip  to  Colorado  to  secure  for  $1,500  the  invaluable 
collection  of  old  sale  catalogs  and  herd  documents  belonging  to 
GEORGE  RUSK  that  gave  almost  the  week  to  week  story  of  Short- 
horn beginnings  in  America.  In  1883  he  was  first  charged  with 
the  entire  responsibility  of  editing  and  publishing  the  paper,  a 
position  he  has  held  unremittingly  ever  since. 

The  national  prestige  of  The  Breeder's  Gazette  has  led  MR. 
SANDERS  into  many  public  undertakings.  He  was  one  of  the 
guarantors  of  the  International  Livestock  Exposition  and  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB.  In  1900  he 
was  a  member  of  the  United  States  Commission  to  the  Paris 
Exposition,  and  under  PRESIDENT  TAFT'S  administration  was  Vice 
Chairman  of  the  U.  S.  Tariff  Board,  with  personal  attention  to 
the  wool  tariff  and  the  wool  growing  situation.  For  a  number 
of  years  he  was  president  and  vice-president  of  the  International 
Livestock  Exposition  and  for  his  broad  agricultural  service  was 
made  a  Chevalier  of  the  Order  of  Leopold  by  the  King  of 
Belgium. 

MR.  SANDERS'  personal  acquaintance  and  intimacy  with  the 
rapidly  vanishing  pioneers  of  the  Booth  and  Bates  tribes,  and 
his  hearty  co-operation  with  the  builders  of  the  Scottish  power, 
brought  him  in  the  closing  years  of  the  last  century  to  prepare  a 
"History  of  Shorthorn  Cattle"  which  came  off  the  press  in  1900. 
For  the  next  dozen  years  he  was  so  occupied  that  he  did  not 
pursue  his  success  there  won.  Following  his  release  from  the 
Tariff  Board,  however,  he  again  took  up  his  pen,  and  in  1914 
"The  Story  of  the  Herefords"  was  put  forth  by  the  Sanders 
Publishing  Company.  In  1915  "At  the  Sign  of  the  Stock  Yard 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  45 

Inn"  told  the  tales  in  a  broad  sympathetic  way  of  the  beginning 
of  this  Club  and  the  lives  of  many  whose  faces  now  adorn  its 
walls.  The  following  year  his  first  book  of  sketches,  "The  Road 
to  Dumbiedykes"  appeared,  and  in  1917,  in  collaboration  with 
SECRETARY  DINSMORE  of  the  Percheron  Horse  Society  of  America 
and  JOHN  ASHTON,  a  European  staff  correspondent  to  the  Gazette, 
he  produced  a  "History  of  the  Percheron  Horse."  In  1918  his 
second  volume  of  sketches,  "The  Black  Swans"  appeared  while 
the  following  year  his  "Idle  Hour  Trilogy"  was  completed  with 
"In  Winter  Quarters." 

In  1906  the  University  of  Illinois  conferred  on  him  the  Doc- 
torate of  Agriculture,  while  Kenyon  College,  Ohio,  in  1910  gave 
him  an  LL.  D.  The  wealth  of  MR.  SANDERS'  service  to  agricul- 
ture is  impossible  to  guage,  one  never  can  discover  the  multitude 
of  breeders  who  have  been  inspired  to  better  things  by  learning 
of  the  romances  of  the  cattle  and  horses  of  a  bygone  day,  and  the 
ideals  of  the  breeders  who  have  builded  so  strongly  for  the  future, 
of  husbandry.  His  knowledge  of  Shorthorn  pedigree,  his  famili- 
arity with  the  early  facts  of  breed  history,  and  his  fearlessness 
in  denouncing  various  abuses  in  livestock  breeding  practice  and 
pedigree  fashions,  have  made  him  a  commanding  figure  in  the 
ranks  of  the  lovers  of  the  red,  white  and  roan  throughout  the  last 
quarter  century. 


46  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  JOHN  THE  BAPTIST  OF  ALFALFA 

13.  The  introduction  and  widespread  growth  of  alfalfa  in  the 
middle  west  and  southwest  gave  new  life  to  the  gradually  waning 
industry  of  the  cattle  range  in  the  early  nineties.  The  man  behind 
this  movement  who  is  almost  wholly  responsible  for  the  great 
success  following  the  introduction  of  this  plant  is  FOSTER  DWIGHT 
COBURN,  for  twenty-one  years  secretary  of  the  Kansas  State  Board 
of  Agriculture  at  Topeka. 

MR.  COBURN  was  born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Wisconsin,  May  7,  1846, 
and  grew  to  manhood  on  a  Badger  farm.  Although  only  a  boy 
in  his  teens  he  volunteered  for  service  in  the  Union  Army  and 
served  the  last  two  years  of  the  War.  He  was  a  corporal  in 
Co.  F,  135th  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  upon  reenlistment 
was  made  sergeant-major  of  the  62d  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry. 
In  1867  he  settled  in  Franklin  Co.,  Kansas  where  he  secured 
employment  as  a  farm  laborer.  In  1869  he  married  and  began 
farming  and  improved  stock  raising  for  himself. 

In  July,  1880,  he  was  appointed  assistant  to  SECRETARY  J.  K. 
HUDSON  in  the  office  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  at  Topeka, 
and  on  September  13,  1881,  he  was  unanimously  elected  to  succeed 
MR.  HUDSON,  who  had  resigned.  On  January  11,  1882,  he  was  dis- 
placed on  a  technicality,  and  became  president  of  the  Indicator 
Publishing  Co.,  and  editor  in  chief  of  the  Livestock  Indicator 
of  Kansas  City.  This  position  was  retained  until  1887,  when 
he  returned  to  his  farming  operations  and  acted  as  regent  of  the 
State  Agricultural  College,  following  appointment  by  GOVERNOR 
G.  W.  CLICK.  In  this  capacity  he  was  twice  elected  president  of 
the  State  Board,  of  Regents. 

Mr.  Coburn's  early  interests  were  with  swine,  and  in  1877  he 
published  a  volume  on  swine  husbandry  which  was  particularly 
widely  disseminated.  In  1884  he  was  appointed  sole  judge  of 
swine  at  the  Cotton  States  Universal  Exposition  at  New  Orleans, 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  47 

while  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893,  he  was  sole 
judge  of  three  breeds  and  a  member  of  the  judging  committee 
of  the  other  breeds.  This  experience  was  gathered  together  in 
1915  and  published  in  a  very  comprehensive  volume  entitled 
"Swine  in  America." 

On  January  12,  1894  he  was  again  elected  secretary  of  the 
Kansas  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  to  succeed  MARTIN  MOHLER, 
and  was  reelected  by  acclamation  each  biennium  thereafter  until 
his  resignation  June  30,  1914.  Under  his  direction  the  quarterly 
and  biennial  publications  assumed  a  unique  and  forceful  char- 
acter, since  they  dealt  largely  with  the  agricultural  resources  and 
possibilities  of  Kansas.  Among  his  best  known  quarterly  publi- 
cations were:  "The  Beef  Steer  and  His  Sister,"  "The  Helpful 
Hen,"  "The  Horse  Useful,"  "Pork  Production,"  "Cow  Culture," 
"Modern  Dairying,"  "The  Modern  Sheep,"  "Feeding  Wheat  to 
Farm  Animals,"  "Shorthorn  Cattle,"  "Hereford  Cattle,"  "Polled 
Cattle,"  "Corn  and  the  Sorghums,"  "Silos  and  Silage,"  and 
"Forage  and  Fodders."  He  actively  promoted  the  introduction 
and  extension  of  alfalfa  and  the  cane  and  sorghum  crops.  While 
serving  as  secretary  he  became  an  editorial  correspondent  of  the 
Kansas  Farmer.,  the  Mississippi  Valley  Farmer,  and  The  Farmer's 
Mail  and  Breeze.  In  1903  he  published  a  book  on  alfalfa,  and 
in  1910  another  volume  on  the  same  subject  entitled  "The  Book 
of  Alfalfa." 

He  was  unanimously  elected  president  of  the  first  American 
Corn  Congress  held  in  Chicago  in  1898  and  was  made  chief  of 
the  department  of  livestock  at  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition 
of  1904  at  St.  Louis.  This  was  the  largest  livestock  show  ever 
organized  up  to  that  time,  but  he  unfortunately  lacked  the  phy- 
sical strength  to  carry  it  through.  He  was  obliged  to  resign 
before  the  show  was  in  actual  progress.  In  June  1909  he  was 
given  the  honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  by  Baker  University 
and  on  November  llth  of  the  same  year  was  accorded  the  degree 


48  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

of  LL.  D.  by  the  Kansas  Agricultural  College.  He  was  chairman 
of  the  Kansas  State  Dairy  Commission  in  1907-08  and  was  also 
chairman  of  the  State  Entomological  Commission  1909-14.  He 
was  elected  an  honorary  life  member  of  the  Kansas  State  Horti- 
cultural Society,  the  Kansas  State  Historical  Society  and  the 
Kansas  State  Editorial  Association.  MR.  COBURN  was  tentatively 
offered  the  presidency  of  the  Kansas,  Illinois  and  Oklahoma 
Agricultural  Colleges. 

Political  honors  were  not  uncommon.  He  refused  the  nomi- 
nation as  candidate  for  governor  from  the  Republican  Party  in 
1898  at  the  Kansas  City  meeting  of  the  State  Editorial  Associa- 
tion, but  polled  some  eighty-odd  votes  at  the  state  convention 
despite  his  refusal.  He  was  appointed  by  GOVERNOR  E.  W.  HOCH 
to  fill  the  senatorial  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  J.  R. 
BURTON  in  1906,  but  declined  to  leave  his  agricultural  post.  He 
was  considered  by  two  different  presidents  for  the  national  secre- 
taryship of  agriculture,  but  blocked  local  booms  tending  to  aid, 
him  in  such  an  undertaking.  In  1908-09-10  he  was  a  member  of 
the  joint  Kansas-Oklahoma  committee  to  investigate  the  Kansas 
penitentiary,  being  appointed  by  GOVERNOR  HOCH  and  reap- 
pointed  by  GOVERNOR  STUBBS.  On  Nov.  8,  1916,  he  was 
appointed  by  Gov.  CAPPER  a  trustee  of  the  "Industrial  and  Edu- 
cational Institute  of  Topeka"  (colored),  and  one  week  later  was 
made  its  president.  Four  times  he  was  unanimously  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  Kansas  State  Temperance  Union,  and  on  declining 
reelection  was  made  its  treasurer.  He  was  chairman  of  its  execu- 
tive committee  for  ten  years.  In  1917  he  was  appointed  by 
PRESIDENT  WILSON  a  member  of  one  of  the  two  Exemption  Appeal 
Boards  for  Kansas,  and  served  as  chairman  until  his  resignation. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  49 

Following  his  resignation  from  the  secretaryship  of  the  State 
Board  of  Agriculture,  MR.  COBURN  entered  into  a  number  of 
financial  undertakings.  He  was  made  vice-president  of  the  Pru- 
dential Trust  Co.,  of  Topeka,  a  director  of  the  Prudential  State 
Bank,  a  director  of  the  Bank  of  Topeka,  and  a  director  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Capitol  Building  and  Loan  Association  of 
Topeka.  He  has  been  permanent  treasurer  of  the  funds  raised  by 
the  state  of  Kansas  for  the  relief  of  Indian  famine  sufferers,  and 
prominent  in  a  number  of  other  charitable  movements. 


50  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

MASTER  MINISTER  OF  DOMINION  AGRICULTURE 

14.  One  of  the  most  aggressive  and  successful  farmers  known 
to  the  Dominion  of  Canada  was  the  HON.  JOHN  DRYDEN,  Minister 
of  Agriculture  for  the  Province  of  Ontario  from  1890  to  1906. 
MR.  DRYDEN  was  Canadian-bred,  but  of  English  blood,  his  father, 
JAMES  DRYDEN,  having  come  out  from  Sunderland,  England,  in 
1820.  The  taste  for  the  soil  that  so  permeates  the  inherent  instincts 
of  the  Britisher  led  him  to  rural  pursuits,  and  JOHN  DRYDEN  was 
born,  twenty  years  later,  on  the  broad  acres  of  Maple  Shade  in 
the  well  tilled  region  to  the  east  of  Toronto. 

Shorthorn  cattle  and  Shropshire  sheep  were  MR.  DRYDEN'S  first 
and  permanent  love.  Even  when  the  Duchess  way  was  acknowl- 
edgedly  the  only  way  of  fashionable  breeding,  the  foundations  of 
a  Scotch  herd  were  gathered  at  his  farm,  and  the  first  importation 
of  SHAW  &  DRYDEN  included  the  famous  Mimulus,  dam  of  the 
Cruickshank  (89)  pride,  Royal  Duke  of  Gloster.  Her  calf  in  MR. 
DRYDEN'S  hands  was  Barmpton  Hero,  for  many  years  in  the  herd 
of  the  MESSRS.  WATT;  a  notable  show  bull  and  a  creative  breeder. 
More  importations  of  the  Cruickshank  kinds  were  made  in  1873, 
1880,  1882  and  1883.  Many  animals  that  played  stellar  roles  in 
the  Dominion  or  in  the  herds  of  Harris,  Potts,  or  Kissinger  across 
the  border,  came  in  these  lots  (Royal  Barmpton,  Violet  Bud, 
Baron  Surmise  and  Lord  Glamis),  but  the  climax  came  in  1887 
when  MR.  DRYDEN  purchased  and  brought  across  the  entire  herd 
of  EDWARD  CRUICKSHANK,  which  contained  some  outcrosses  sup- 
posed to  reinvigorate  the  Sittyton  blood. 

JOHN  DRYDEN  was  a  particularly  stablizing  influence  in  the 
troubled  days  of  the  Bates  decadence  and  the  Scotch  ascendancy. 
He  sought  ever  to  restrain  speculation  and  to  keep  open  the 
trade  doors  of  Britain,  Canada  and  the  States  to  pedigreed  stock. 
During  his  later  years  his  duties  as  Minister  of  Agriculture 
restricted  his  operations  with  his  own  herd,  but  he  found  time 
to  be  president  of  the  American  Shropshire  Registry  Association 


HON.    JOHN    DRYDEN 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  51 

for  many  years,  and  director  of  the  American  Clydesdale  Asso- 
ciation. For  one  term  he  also  acted  as  head  of  the  Dominion 
Shorthorn  Breeders'  Association.  In  1906  he  was  selected  by 
the  British  Government  to  act  upon  a  Royal  Commission 
appointed  to  investigate  conditions  of  agriculture  in  Ireland. 
This  was  the  first  appointment  ever  made  by  the  British  Govern- 
ment of  any  one  outside  the  British  Isles  to  act  as  a  Royal  Com- 
missioner. In  each  capacity  he  was  revered  and  trusted,  his 
courtesy  being  unfailing,  his  intelligence  keen  and  his  mind  open 
an4  progressive.  His  contribution  to  international  cordiality 
was  immeasurable  and  his  death  in  1909  untimely.  His  pet  cause 
was  the  promotion  and  support  of  the  Ontario  Agricultural  Col- 
lege at  Guelph,  his  own  farm  being  a  model  for  its  emulation. 
The  wide  influence  of  the  Guelph  men  in  the  early  teaching  of 
animal  husbandry  in  the  United  States  was  perhaps  his  best  testi- 
monial south  of  the  border  line. 


52  THE  PORTRAIT   GALLERY 

A  VETERAN  OF  THREE  CABINETS 

15.  The  awakening  of  agricultural  interests  and  the  establish- 
ment of  a  firm  market  for  farm  products,  have  been  matters  of 
accomplishment  of  the  last  quarter  century.  The  definition  of 
the  phases  of  agriculture  as  an  industry  and  the  attacking  of  its 
problems  in  a  thorough  and  scientific  way  have  been  functions 
of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.  Although  the 
Department's  beginnings  were  merely  a  sop,  thrown  out  by  poli- 
ticians to  their  rural  interests,  the  strong  hand  of  the  HONORABLE 
JAMES  WILSON,  grasping  the  foundations  laid  by  SECRETARY 
RUSK  (18),  shaped  their  development  so  as  to  yield  firm  federal 
support  to  the  industries  of  the  land. 

Secretary  of  Agriculture  in  the  successive  cabinets  of  PRESI- 
DENTS McKiNLEY,  ROOSEVELT  and  TAFT,  MR.  WILSON  not  only 
holds  the  record  for  length  of  service  in  a  cabinet  position,  but 
also  saw  develop  from  a  department  of  a  few  hundred  employees, 
an  institution  whose  workers  run  up  into  five  figures.  SECRETARY 
WILSON  was  born  in  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  August  16,  1835,  and 
came  to  America  at  the  age  of  sixteen.  His  parents  first  settled 
in  Connecticut  but  afterward  emigrated  to  Tama  Co.,  Iowa,  where 
he  entered  the  public  schools  in  1855.  His  collegiate  education 
was  obtained  at  Iowa  College,  Grinnell.  In  1851,  he  engaged  in 
farming  for  himself,  but  being  a  man  of  broadest  sympathies 
and  inspired  with  the  ideals  of  public  duty,  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  twelfth,  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  Iowa  Assem- 
blies. He  was  Speaker  of  the  last  Assembly,  and  as  such  took 
so  prominent  an  interest  in  educational  matters  that  he  was  made 
Regent  of  the  State  University  of  Iowa  during  the  years  1870  to 
1874.  In  1873  he  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  Congress,  a 
position  he  retained  during  the  subsequent  session.  In  1877  he 
was  made  a  member  of  the  Iowa  State  Railway  Commission, 
where  he  remained  for  six  years  until  returned  to  Congress. 
Unfortunately  his  right  was  contested,  but  with  the  delays  of 


SECRETARY  JAMES  WILSON 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  53 

law  his  contestant  was  not  seated  until  the  last  hour  of  Congress. 
In  1890  he  was  appointed  Director  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station  and  Professor  of  Agriculture  at  the  Iowa  Agricultural 
College  at  Ames,  a  position  he  retained  until  called  upon  March 
5,  1897,  by  PRESIDENT  McKiNLEY  to  take  his  place  as  spokesman 
for  agriculture  in  the  newly  formed  cabinet. 

"TAMA  JIM"  as  he  was  fondly  called  by  his  loyal  Iowa  sup- 
porters, recognized  the  need  for  a  strong  organization  to  unify 
and  catalyze  rural  interests.  Improved  market  conditions  result- 
ing from  the  financial  prosperity  of  the  country  furnished  the 
farmer  a  degree  of  independence  he  had  hitherto  not  known; 
hence,  SECRETARY  WILSON  found  willing  material  to  support  him 
in  his  efforts  in  placing  agriculture  on  the  permanent  construc- 
tive basis  it  now  enjoys.  It  was  during  this  period  of  service 
that  the  multitudinous  activities  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry 
developed.  He  sponsored  particularly  legislation  and  propa- 
ganda that  would  build  up  the  agricultural  export  trade,  and  at 
the  same  time  encouraged  the  search  for  new  plants  and  animals 
suitable  to  the  arid  conditions  that  had  to  be  met  in  the  unorgan- 
ized land  areas  of  the  continent.  PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT'S  con- 
servation policies  received  able  support  under  his  constructive 
genius  and  the  national  forest  policy  of  America  was  firmly 
established. 

Rich  in  years,  he  retired  from  public  duty  with  the  change  of 
administration  in  1913.  His  headquarters  were  established  at  his 
early  home  at  Traer,  Iowa,  where  he  participated  in  a  number 
of  notable  movements  aiming  towards  the  dissemination  of  agri- 
cultural knowledge.  So  prominent  were  his  services  that  numerous 
institutions  conferred  honorary  degrees  upon  him.  Both  the 
University  of  Wisconsin  and  Cornell  College,  Iowa,  gave  him  an 
LL.  D.  in  1904,  while  McGill  University  at  Montreal,  Canada, 
honored  him  with  a  similar  title  in  1909.  His  death  occurred 
August  26,  1920. 


54  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  FOUNDER  OF  ARBOR  DAY 

16.  The  second  Secretary  of  Agriculture  was  J.  STERLING  MOR- 
TON, Nebraska  City,  Nebr.  A  practical  farmer  throughout  the 
major  portion  of  his  life,  he  was  a  man  of  deep  idealism  and 
powerful  instincts.  His  conception  of  "Arbor  Day,"  which  ulti- 
mately became  a  national  institution,  resulted  in  the  beautifica- 
tion  of  thousands  of  rural  and  urban  homes,  and  tens  of  thou- 
sands of  flourishing  groves  where  once  only  the  woodless  prairies 
spread. 

SECRETARY  MORTON  was  born  April  22,  1832,  in  Adams,  N.  Y., 
from  a  line  of  paternal  ancestors  whose  Americanization  dated 
back  to  the  "Little  Ann,"  first  ship  to  land  after  the  Mayflower. 
When  two  years  old,  his  parents  emigrated  to  Monroe,  Mich.,  at 
which  place  he  received  his  common  school  education.  In  1846 
he  was  sent  to  a  Methodist  seminary  at  Albion,  Mich.,  to  prepare 
for  the  state  university,  but  while  he  spent  most  of  his  time  at 
Ann  Arbor,  he  ultimately  received  his  degree  at  Union  College 
in  1854.  The  following  fall  he  married  CAROLINE  JOY  FRENCH 
of  Detroit  and  removed  with  her  to  Bellevue  in  the  then  territory 
of  Nebraska.  The  situation  did  not  prove  successful,  however, 
and  after  a  few  months  he  located  near  the  site  of  what  is  now 
Nebraska  City.  He  became  a  member  of  the  town  company,  and 
took  up  a  claim  of  a  quarter  section  bordering  on  the  townsite. 
Arbor  Lodge,  as  the  estate  was  called,  was  his  home  continuously 
thereafter. 

MR.  MORTON  was  an  original  member  of  the  Nebraska  Terri- 
torial Board  of  Agriculture,  and  of  the  Territorial  Horticultural 
Society.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Nebraska  State  His- 
torical Society  an-d  at  one  time  its  president.  In  1889  he  was 
one  of  the  American  Commissioners  to  the  Paris  Exposition, 
and  was  always  prominent  in  Nebraska  political  life.  He  was 
appointed  secretary  of  the  Nebraska  Territory  in  1858  and 
under  the  law  became  its  acting  governor  on  the  resignation  of 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  55 

GOVERNOR  RICHARDSON.  Without  solicitation  on  his  part,  he  was 
four  times  made  candidate  for  Governor  of  Nebraska  on  the 
Democratic  ticket,  missing  the  election  as  first  governor  of  the 
state  by  only  145  votes.  He  was  twice  nominated  for  congress 
in  a  similar  manner,  and  had  sufficient  supporters  to  make  him 
an  almost  perpetual  candidate  for  Senator.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature  for  many  years  and  was  extremely  active 
in  his  opposition  to  the  "wildcat"  banks  that  contributed  to  so 
many  Nebraska  failures  in  early  Cornhusker  days.  During  the 
turbulent  times  of  Populism,  forty-five  Republican  state  legis- 
lators, in  caucus,  declared  their  support  for  him  in  preference  to 
any  populistic  candidate.  But  the  nation  had  more  immediate 
use  for  him,  and  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  Agriculture  in 
the  cabinet  of  PRESIDENT  CLEVELAND  in  1893.  His  service  here 
met  with  some  hostile  criticism  on  the  part  of  the  agricultural 
interests,  but  anyone  serving  during  those  days  of  financial 
upheaval  was  bound  to  find  much  of  his  efforts  negated  and  many 
of  his  accomplishments  unpopular.  He  died  from  a  stroke  of 
apoplexy,  April  27,  1902. 

SECRETARY  MORTON'S  love  and  devotion  for  his  wife  were  con- 
spicuous. At  the  time  of  her  death  in  1881,  he  erected  a  granite 
shaft  to  her  in  the  private  burying  ground  on  the  home  acres. 
Calling  his  sons  together  on  its  completion,  he  announced,  "A 
spot  for  each  of  you  is  situated  within  the  compass  of  the  shadow 
of  that  shaft,  but  if  one  of  you  at  any  time  dishonors  the  mother 
that  lies  here,  his  body  must  find  other  resting  place."  Fortu- 
nately his  sons  arose  to  almost  equal  position  in  the  world,  and 
PAUL  was  not  only  Secretary  of  the  Navy  under  PRESIDENT 
ROOSEVELT  in  1904-05,  but  resigned  to  become  president  of  the 
Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society  of  New  York  City.  SECRETARY 
MORTON'S  statue  by  RANDOLPH  EVANS  stands  in  the  public  square 
of  Nebraska  City,  a  gift  of  the  citizens  of  the  state. 


56  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

HONORED  CHIEFTAIN  OF  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  POW-WOWS 

17.  The  story  of  mid-west  civilization,  of  agricultural  and 
industrial  progress,  would  indeed  be  colorless  if  the  contri- 
butions of  the  Wisconsin  pioneers  were  forgotten.  The  primal 
position  of  the  Badger  state  was  established  with  the  coming  of 
the  French  fur  traders,  the  natural  waterway  of  the  Great  Lakes 
giving  accessibility  to  the  front  rank  fighters  of  a  spreading 
American  civilization.  In  Wisconsin  the  fusion  of  the  ideals 
and  principles  of  the  French  trader,  the  Indian  aborigine,  and  the 
English  settler,  formed  that  virile  impulse  that  has  builded  so 
eminent  a  position  for  this  state. 

Exponent  of  the  robust  Badger  virtues  was  DR.  HENRY  BAIRD 
FAVILL.  DR.  FAVILL  was  born  in  Madison,  August  14,  1860, 
descended  on  his  father's  side  from  JOHN  FAVILL,  who  came  to 
America  from  Britain  a  few  years  prior  to  the  Revolution,  and 
who  fought  strenuously  for  the  new  republic  during  its  period  of 
struggle  for  independence.  Following  the  peace  settlement,  JOHN 
FAVILL  established  in  Herkimer  Co.,  New  York,  and  his  descend- 
ents  became  part  and  parcel  of  that  notable  band  who  proceeded 
across  the  lakes  to  build  up  the  rising  civilization  of  Wisconsin. 
Through  his  mother,  LOUISE  SOPHIA  BAIRD,  he  inherited  the  up- 
right, robust  physique  of  an  Indian  ancestor,  the  great-great- 
grandmother  of  his  mother.  This  maternal  forebear  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  the  Ottawa  chieftain  Kewinoquot  (Returning  Cloud),  and 
was  educated  in  white  civilization  through  the  good  offices  of  the 
early  French  missionairies.  DR.  FAVILL'S  father  was  a  physician, 
a  graduate  of  Harvard  University,  a  member  of  the  first  State 
Board  of  Health,  and  President  of  the  Wisconsin  State  Medical 
Society. 

DR.  FAVILL'S  educational  life  was  thorough.  After  graduating 
from  the  Madison  Public  Schools,  he  entered  the  University  of 
Wisconsin  where  he  received  his  A.  B.  degree  in  1880.  He  then 
proceeded  to  Rush  Medical  College  where  he  received  his  M.  D. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  57 

in  1883.  While  a  student  he  served  his  interneship  in  the  Cook 
County  Hospital  and  upon  graduation  returned  to  Madison  to 
enter  practice  in  association  with  his  father.  In  1894  he  accepted 
simultaneous  calls  to  the  Chair  of  Medicine  at  the  Chicago  Poly- 
clinic,  and  the  adjunct  professorship  of  Medicine  at  Rush.  His 
private  practice  grew  to  be  the  largest  in  the  city.  In  1898  he  was 
appointed  Ingalls  Professor  of  Preventive  Medicine  and  Thera- 
peutics at  Rush  and  eight  years  later  was  made  professor  of 
Clinical  Medicine.  He  became  consultant  and  attending  physician 
at  several  hospitals  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  President 
of  the  Medical  Board  of  St.  Luke's.  For  several  years  he  was 
president  of  the  Chicago  Tuberculosis  Institute  and  because  of 
his  keen  technical  ability,  ranked  among  the  foremost  physicians 
of  the  country.  DR.  FAVILL  was  a  big  thinker  and  an  astute 
reasoner,  and  he  found  time  to  devote  himself  enthusiastically 
to  problems  of  civic  and  political  purity.  From  1907  to  1910  he 
was  president  of  the  Municipal  Voters'  League,  an  organization 
strongly  and  fearlessly  opposing  corrupt  politics.  He  was  presi- 
dent of  the  City  Club  of  Chicago  from  1910  to  1912,  having  been 
a  director  since  1905.  For  many  years  he  was  trustee  of  the 
Chicago  Bureau  of  Public  Efficiency,  and  a  director  of  the  United 
Charities.  His  membership  in  the  professional  societies  of  medi- 
cine embraced  all  the  leading  organizations  and  he  was  the  only 
man  without  commercial  connections  ever  elected  to  the  Chicago 
Commercial  Club.  In  1908  he  dignified  the  new  Medical  Reserve 
Corps  movement  in  the  U.  S.  Army  by  accepting  a  commission 
as  First  Lieutenant.  In  1915  the  University  of  Wisconsin  con- 
ferred on  him  the  degree  of  LL.D. 

In  1908  DR.  FAVILL  extended  his  interests  to  agriculture,  and 
gave  freely  of  his  tireless  energy  to  the  upbuilding  of  Holstein- 
Friesian  cattle  and  the  dairy  industry.  Until  his  death,  most  of 
his  spare  time  was  devoted  to  the  improvement  of  his  dairy  farm, 
Milford  Meadows,  at  Lake  Mills,  Wis.  His  professional  train- 


58  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

ing  enabled  him  to  apply  new  ideas  to  his  agricultural  and 
breeding  problems,  and  led  to  the  preparation  of  numerous 
articles  and  lectures  on  subjects  of  economic  importance.  He  was 
elected  vice-president  of  the  Holstein-Friesian  Association  of 
America  and  was  first  president  of  the  National  Dairy  Council. 
During  the  meeting  of  this  Council  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  in  1916 
he  contracted  pneumonia,  and  passed  away  February  20. 

At  his  funeral  DR.  F.  W.  GUNSAULUS,  his  warm  personal  friend, 
said,  "The  personality  of  DR.  FAVILL  exalted  the  work  and 
achievements  of  the  physician  as  well  as  the  practical  reformer 
in  the  city  of  Chicago.  No  man  more  sanely  or  nobly  incarnated 
the  ideals  which  are  higher  than  any  calling  and  as  great  as  any 
enthusiasm."  The  Chicago  Evening  Post  said,  "DR.  FAVILL  was 
a  man  who  held  in  a  city  of  over  two  million  inhabitants  the  posi- 
tion of  love,  dignity  and  influence  held  by  many  a  lesser  known 
'country  doctor'  in  the  villages  of  America." 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  59 

FIRST  IN  THE  PORTFOLIO  OF  AGRICULTURE 

18.  In  the  village  cemetery  of  Viroqua,  Wisconsin,  sleeps 
GENERAL  JEREMIAH  McL/UN  RUSK,  first  Secretary  of  Agriculture 
and  former  Governor  of  Wisconsin.  SECRETARY  RUSK'S  death 
was  as  widely  lamented  and  drew  as  notable  a  circle  of  promi- 
nent citizens  to  pay  homage  as  has  been  the  lot  of  any  public 
servant  of  recent  years.  Chief  among  the  mourners  was  Ex -PRESI- 
DENT BENJAMIN  HARRISON,  under  whose  administration  SECRE- 
TARY RUSK  had  been  given  charge  of  agriculture.  To  other 
friends,  PRESIDENT  HARRISON  is  quoted  as  having  said,  "SECRE- 
TARY RUSK  was  perhaps  the  least  educated  of  the  members  of  my 
cabinet,  but  he  possessed  the  shrewdest  native  judgment.  He 
could  not  prepare  a  state  paper,  but  he  was  the  keenest  and  best 
informed  critic  of  such  a  paper,  once  prepared,  that  I  could 
secure." 

JEREMIAH  M.  RUSK  was  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  His  grandfather 
JAMES  RUSK,  was  born  near  Londonderry  in  the  north  of  Ireland, 
and  fled  to  America  after  knocking  down  the  insulting  agent  of 
his  absent  landlord.  His  father  was  born  and  brought  up  near 
Pittsburgh  but  moved  to  Deerfield,  Morgan  Co.,  Ohio,  shortly 
after  the  war  of  1812.  It  was  here  on  June  17,  1830  that  JERE- 
MIAH was  born,  the  youngest  of  eleven  children.  His  schooling 
was  most  limited  and  at  sixteen  years  of  age,  due  to  his  father's 
death,  he  became  the  sole  reliance  of  his  mother.  Already  he 
was  a  practical  and  skilled  farmer,  marketing  his  produce  con- 
sisting of  a  variety  of  wheat,  grains,  vegetables,  apples,  cider, 
peaches,  feathers,  eggs,  butter  and  hops  at  Zanesville,  some 
twenty  miles  away.  The  young  man  was  a  giant  in  strength,  a 
powerful  wrestler  and  a  fine  horseman.  It  is  related  that  he  was 
the  champion  cradler  of  his  entire  countryside.  As  a  very  young 
man  he  was  employed  to  drive  the  four  horse  stage  coach  between 
Zanesville  and  Newark  on  the  national  turnpike,  a  distance  of 
thirty  miles.  At  this  time  he  became  acquainted  with  JAMES  A. 


60  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

GARFIELD,  then  driving  a  canal  mule.  After  his  stage-coaching 
days  he  was  employed  for  a  short  period  as  a  foreman  of  graders 
on  the  Zanesville  and  Wilmington  railroad,  later  the  Muskingum 
Valley.  About  1852  he  became  a  cooper,  making  large  numbers 
of  barrels  in  the  old  log  house  on  his  mother's  farm,  these  barrels 
being  sold  to  the  salt  industry  then  conducted  along  the  Muskin- 
gum. In  1853  with  his  wife  and  two  children,  he  migrated  to 
Viroqua,  Wis.,  where  there  were  numerous  settlers  from  Morgan 
and  Perry  counties,  Ohio.  Here  he  became  a  tavern  keeper,  a 
thresherman,  and  stage  driver,  owning  the  line  between  Prairie 
du  Chien  and  Black  River  Falls.  In  1855  he  was  elected  sheriff, 
in  1857  coroner,  and  in  1861  a  member  of  the  state  assembly. 

In  1862  he  recruited  the  25th  Wisconsin  infantry  and  was  com- 
missioned as  its  Major,  later  becoming  Lieutenant  Colonel.  He 
participated  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  June  7th  to  July  4th,  1863, 
and  in  fourteen  major  actions  thereafter,  the  25th  Regiment  being 
a  part  of  General  Sherman's  army.  After  dismissal  from  the 
service  he  was  brevetted  a  Brigadier  General  for  conspicuous 
gallantry  in  crossing  the  Salkehatchie  River,  South  Carolina,  in 
February,  1865.  His  regiment  participated  in  the  review  of 
Sherman's  army,  May  24,  1865,  at  Washington,  was  mustered  out 
June  7th,  and  disbanded  at  Madison,  June  llth.  The  mortality 
record  of  the  25th  was  the  largest  of  any  Wisconsin  regiment, 
and  much  of  its  conspicuous  gallantry  was  due  to  the  dash  and 
zealous  activity  of  COL.  RUSK.  .  In  1865  he  was  elected  State  Bank 
Comptroller,  an  office  to  which  he  was  re-elected  in  1867.  In 
1870  he  was  elected  to  Congress  and  served  for  a  period  of  seven 
years.  He  then  returned  to  his  farm,  organizing  a  bank  and  pro- 
curing the  extension  of  a  railway  from  Sparta  to  Viroqua.  While 
in  Congress,  SENATOR  RUSK  was  a  member  of  the  committee  on 
agriculture  and  at  the  Republican  national  convention  of  1880  he 
was  largely  instrumental  in  causing  the  break  that  nominated 
GARFIELD  for  president.  Later  he  was  offered  several  missions  by 


SECRETARY     JEREMIAH     RUSK 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  61 

PRESIDENT  GARFIELD,  but  he  declined  in  order  to  be  elected  Gov- 
ernor of  Wisconsin  in  1880.  He  was  twice  re-elected,  serving 
seven  years  in  all.  In  1886  he  took  the  firm  stand  that  quelled 
the  Milwaukee  riot  by  ordering  the  militia  to  "fire  on  the  mob." 
A  single  volley  "blew  the  backbone  out  of  anarchy"  teaching  a 
permanent  lesson  to  the  Wisconsin  "reds."  In  other  states  the 
situation  was  not  handled  so  successfully,  and  that  very  night, 
May  4,  1886,  dozens  of  Chicago  police  lay  stiffening,  or  writhing 
in  gore,  victims  of  the  bomb  throwers  of  Haymarket.  On  the 
strength  of  this  record  he  was  at  once  renominated  for  Governor, 
and  re-elected  without  competition.  He  Declined  a  fourth  term. 

In  1888  GOVERNOR  RUSK  was  Wisconsin's  candidate  for  repub- 
lican presidential  nomination,  and  early  the  next  year  was  ap- 
pointed by  PRESIDENT  HARRISON  to  the  newly  created  Secretary- 
ship of  Agriculture.  SECRETARY  RUSK  at  once  recognized  the 
myriad  services  that  could  be  performed  in  marketing  America's 
surplus  crops,  and  immediately  set  about  extending  the  disposal 
channels  for  the  great  staple  crops  and  the  vast  animal  products. 
He  made  strenuous  efforts  to  secure  the  substitution  of  home  grown 
for  imported  products  and  to  bring  the  'department  into  close  rela- 
tionship with  the  farmers.  The  beginnings  of  the  control  of  con- 
tagious disease  among  cattle  were  laid  under  his  oversight,  thus 
permitting  the  markets  of  the  world  to  be  opened  to  our  meat 
products.  He  established  propaganda  for  the  introduction  of 
Indian  corn  to  Europe  as  a  cheap  and  economical  food  substitute 
for  the  other  cereals.  He  succeeded  in  placing  sugar  production 
upon  a  stronger  foundation,  promoted  irrigation  in  the  arid  west, 
and  sponsored  laws  to  check  the  ravages  of  insect  enemies  to 
plant  and  animal  life.  During  his  administration  the  well-known 
special  reports  on  "Diseases  of  Cattle"  and  "Diseases  of  the 
Horse"  were  first  published. 

On  March  8,  1893,  he  returned  to  his  beautiful  four  hundred 
acre  farm  at  Viroqua,  after  a  public  life  of  more  than  thirty 


62  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

years.  The  following  fall,  however,  he  contracted  malaria  while 
inspecting  land  in  the  Kankakee  Valley  of  Illinois;  complications 
ensued  and  on  November  21st,  while  apparently  improving  from 
an  operation,  he  suddenly  passed  away.  GENERAL  RUSK  was  one 
of  the  strongest  and  most  characteristic  figures  in  the  political 
and  agricultural  life  of  America,  during  the  reconstruction  period 
following  the  Civil  War.  He  was  an  unswerving  servant  of  the 
public  weal,  and  having  set  his  hand  to  the  plow,  never  deviated 
until  the  end  of  the  furrow  was  reached. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  63 

FATHER  OF  THE  FARMERS'  SHORT  COURSE 

19.  Few  of  the  earliest  statesmen  of  American  history  have 
recognized  the  constructive  possibilities  of  agricultural  education 
and  the  dissemination  of  agricultural  information.  Fewer  still 
have  there  been  whose  keenness  of  vision  and  clarity  of  foresight 
have  made  it  possible  to  crystallize  the  need  of  the  industry  into 
constructive  and  beneficent  laws.  Of  this  pioneer  coterie  was 
SENATOR  WILLIAM  FREEMAN  VILAS. 

Born  in  Chelsea,  Vermont,  July,  1840,  he  gained  the  instinct  of 
public  service  from  his  father,  the  HON.  LEVI  B.  VILAS.  In  June, 
1851,  the  family  settled  at  Madison,  Wis.,  and  at  eighteen  years  of 
age,  the  future  statesman  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Wisconsin.  Two  years  later  he  finished  at  the  Albany  (New 
York)  Law  School,  and  established  himself  in  practice  at  Madi- 
son. The  Civil  War  interrupted  his  efforts  as  a  barrister  and  in 
July,  1862,  he  recruited  Company  A  of  the  23rd  Wisconsin  Volun- 
teers, proceeding  into  the  season's  campaign  as  its  Captain.  Pro- 
moted to  Lieutenant  Colonel,  he  commanded  his  regiment  during 
the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  after  which  he  resigned  from  the  army 
and  returned  to  his  practice.  He  was  a  Regent  and  Law  Professor 
of  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  and  in  this  position  instituted  the 
first  winter  course  in  agriculture  for  farmer's  sons  held  in  the 
United  States,  contributing  his  idea  to  DEAN  HENRY  (20),  and 
was  later  a  member  of  a  commission  to  revise  the  Wisconsin 
Statutes,  during  which  time  he  gained  his  first  insight  into  the 
need  of  constructive  agricultural  legislation  for  the  state. 

In  1878,  his  political  career  proper  began.  For  eight  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Democratic  National  Committee,  being 
made  permanent  chairman  at  the  National  Democratic  Convention 
in  1884.  In  1885  he  was  elected  to  the  Wisconsin  Legislature,  and 
after  PRESIDENT  CLEVELAND'S  inauguration  was  made  successively 
Postmaster  General  and  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  In  the  latter 
capacity  he  introduced  some  reforms  in  the  occupancy  of  Govern- 


64  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

ment  lands  and  in  improved  conditions  for  the  Indians  that  again 
betokened  his  agricultural  vision.  From  1891  to  1897  he  was 
United  States  Senator  and  head  of  the  committee  that  built  the 
present  Congressional  Library.  He  was  at  the  same  time  member 
of  the  commission  which  built  the  Wisconsin  State  Historical 
Library,  and  was  responsible  for  the  efforts  which  brought  to  this 
institution  the  interesting  first  documents  of  Wisconsin's  agricul- 
tural history.  Of  sound  conservative  ideas,  he  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  resolutions  at  the  National  Democratic  (Gold 
Standard)  Convention  at  Indianapolis  in  1896.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber in  1906  of  the  Commission  empowered  to  build  the  new  Wis- 
consin capital,  the  artistic  triumph  of  American  state  houses. 
This  duty  was  foremost  in  his  interests  until  his  death  at  Madison, 
August  27,  1908. 

SENATOR  VILAS  was  possessed  of  a  keen  patriotic  sense  and  for 
years  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  Tennessee. 
Numerous  of  his  addresses  bearing  on  the  issues,  outcome  and 
rewards  of  the  Civil  War,  were  delivered  by  him  during  the  cru- 
cial political  period  of  the  two  decades  following  the  war.  To 
his  advanced  ideas  and  energetic  efforts  much  of  the  prominent 
agricultural  position  of  Wisconsin  is  at  present  due.  Everything 
that  SENATOR  VILAS  did  he  did  well.  His  words  were  as  carefully 
chosen  in  ordinary  conversation  as  they  were  when  he  spoke  to 
tens  of  thousands.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  advocates  of  special 
education  for  rural  citizenship,  and  by  his  legislative  foresight, 
laid  the  foundation  of  the  rural  coherence  found  in  his  state  todav. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  65 

DEAN  OF  THE  DEANS 

20.  The  Nineteenth  Century  developed  a  new  type  of  service  in 
agriculture.  Hitherto  the  steps  in  progress  could  be  catalogued 
as  a  breeder  presented  to  a  voracious  world  his  triumphs  of  arti- 
sanship,  or  as  a  horticulturist  or  crop  grower  put  forth  the  pro- 
ducts of  his  soil.  The  latter  half  of  the  century  just  closed  made 
the  need  for  organization  and  dissemination  of  agricultural  infor- 
mation more  and  more  apparent,  and  the  arrival  of  agricultural 
colleges  almost  simultaneously  with  the  financial  independence  of 
the  American  farmer,  raised  up  the  profession  of  agricultural 
evangel  in  the  land.  Dean  of  the  patriarchs  of  rural  progress  is 
WILLIAM  ARNON  HENRY  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin. 

DEAN  HENRY  was  born  at  Norwalk,  Huron  Co.,  Ohio,  June  16, 
1850.  His  early  life  was  spent  in  the  country  and  he  received 
his  first  collegiate  training  in  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University.  The 
next  five  years  he  acted  as  principal  of  the  high  schools  of  New 
Haven,  Indiana,  and  Boulder,  Colorado.  At  twenty-six  years  of 
age  he  entered  Cornell  University,  graduating  in  1880  with  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Agriculture.  During  his  last  two  years  in 
college  he  became  particularly  interested  in  botany,  and  held  a 
slightly  compensative  position  as  student  instructor  in  that  de- 
partment. Upon  graduation  he  was  elected  professor  of  Botany 
and  Agriculture  at  the  University  of  Wisconsin.  His  first  class- 
room and  office  consisted  of  one  room  in  a  dwelling  house  on 
University  Farm.  For  the  next  few  years  he  conducted  extensive 
research  on  the  ensiling  of  corn  and  amber  cane.  In  1883-85  he 
secured  the  services  of  JOHN  GOULD  of  Ohio  to  do  institute  work 
on  silage,  and  to  this  one  influence  can  be  traced  Wisconsin's 
leadership  in  the  use  of  ensilage  today.  So  pertinent  was  his 
work  that  in  1883  GOVERNOR  RUSK  recommended  that  an  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Station  be  created  under  W.  A.  HENRY'S 
direction.  With  the  adoption  of  this  plan  DEAN  HENRY  became 
professor  of  Agriculture,  and  in  1885  at  the  suggestion  of  SENA- 


66  THE  PORTRAIT   GALLERY 

TOR  VILAS  (19)  he  conducted  the  first  short  course  with  an 
attendance  of  nineteen  students.  In  1887  he  was  officially  chris- 
tened director  of  the  Wisconsin  Experiment  Station,  and  three 
years  later  he  opened  Wisconsin's  first  dairy  course  for  two 
students.  In  1891  he  was  appointed  Dean  of  the  College  of  Agri- 
culture, and  during  the  same  year  made  his  first  contribution  to 
the  subject  on  which  he  later  became  America's  foremost  author- 
ity, "The  Feeding  of  Cattle."  This  brochure  appeared  as  Part  II 
of  SECRETARY  RUSK'S  treatise  on  "Diseases  of  Cattle  and  Cattle 
Feeding."  In  February,  1898,  the  first  edition  of  his  masterpiece, 
"Feeds  and  Feeding,"  was  published.  It  consisted  of  670  pages 
and  has  thus  far  passed  through  nine  editions  with  a  total  of  thirty 
thousand  copies. 

DEAN  HENRY  gathered  under  his  leadership  the  greatest  agri- 
cultural faculty  assembled  by  the  early  institutions.  Practically 
everyone  of  them  became  a  national  leader  in  his  subject,  BAB- 
COCK  (23)  in  dairy  chemistry  and  physics,  RUSSELL  in  bacteriol- 
ogy, KING  in  soils,  CRAIG  (24)  in  animal  husbandry,  WAUGH  in 
horticulture,  FARRINGTON  in  dairy  manufactures,  HART  and  Mc- 
COLLOM  in  nutrition,  MOORE  in  agronomy,  JONES  in  plant  dis- 
eases and  TAYLOR  in  agricultural  economics.  His  greatest  pride 
lay  in  this  faculty  and  to  it  he  attributed  the  success  he  enjoyed. 

In  1902  he  was  chosen  special  lecturer  on  agriculture  and 
animal  nutrition  at  the  Summer  School  of  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia. So  appreciative  were  his  Pacific  coast  students  that  this 
University  conferred  on  him  the  honorary  Degree  of  Doctor  of 
Agriculture  in  1904.  In  July  of  the  same  year  the  University  of 
Vermont  honored  him  with  the  doctorate  of  science.  The  modern 
farmer's  course  was  established  under  his  direction  at  the  Wiscon- 
sin College  of  Agriculture  that  winter  with  an  initial  attendance  of 
175.  In  May,  1907,  the  Michigan  Agricultural  College  granted 
him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Science  and  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal 
year  he  resigned  his  college  position,  being  made  emeritus  profcs- 


DEAN    W.    A.    HENRY 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  67 

sor  of  agriculture.    In  September,  1909,  he  was  given  a  Carnegie 
pension. 

His  later  years  have  been  spent  on  his  son's  farm  in  Connecti- 
cut, or  at  Sarasota,  Florida.  His  devotion  to  the  tiller  of  the  soil, 
his  progressive  viewpoint,  his  broad  appreciation  of  all  agricul- 
ture, and  his  boundless  enthusiasm  make  him  a  permanent  figure 
in  the  upbuilding  of  rural  Wisconsin  and  the  standardizing  of 
feeding  methods  in  this  country.  DEAN  HENRY  played  a  most 
prominent  part  in  securing  the  parcel  post  law,  and  as  a  staff 
correspondent  of  The  Breeder's  Gazette  and  HOARD'S  Dairyman, 
contributed  largely  to  the  solution  of  the  farm  problems  of  the 
middle  west.  On  account  of  his  achievements  and  success  among 
college  men  he  has  popularly  been  styled  the  "Dean  of  the 
Deans.*' 


68  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  PROPHET  OF  A  NATION'S  HUSBANDRY 

21.  The  pioneer  in  the  general  field  of  livestock  journalism  was 
JAMES  HARVEY  SANDERS,  a  banker  and  railway  contractor  of 
southeastern  Iowa.  MR.  SANDERS  was  born  in  Ohio  in  the  Scioto 
Valley,  his  parents  being  native  Virginians.  In  1868  he  had 
attained  sufficient  financial  independence  to  indulge  an  inherent 
fondness  for  improved  livestock,  and  he  secured  at  a  good  price 
a  seven-eighths  Percheron  horse  named  Victor  Hugo,  in  Central 
Ohio.  This  horse  was  shipped  to  Iowa  and  was  the  second  animal 
of  heavy  type  to  be  brought  into  the  state.  MR.  SANDERS  followed 
him  with  the  imported  horse  Dieppe,  and  the  American-bred  Dili- 
gence, both  of  DILLON  ownership,  the  former  stallion  bringing 
$3,000  and  the  latter  $2,500.  At  the  same  time  he  introduced  a 
high  type  of  Clydesdale,  the  $5,000  stallion,  Donald  Dinnie. 

The  extension  of  good  breeding  stock  throughout  the  Missis- 
sippi Valley  states  suggested  to  MR.  SANDERS  the  publication  of  a 
periodical  to  be  devoted  to  the  interests  of  blooded  stock.  Chris- 
tened the  "Western  Stock  Journal,"  and  printed  on  a  hand  power 
press  with  its  pages  stitched  together  by  the  members  of  the 
editor's  family,  it  received  instant  approval  in  Iowa  and  the  neigh- 
boring states,  and  was  the  first  purely  livestock  periodical  ever 
issued  in  the  world.  About  this  time  MR.  SANDERS  purchased  the 
first  purebred  Shorthorn  to  be  introduced  into  this  country.  One 
more  step  in  the  building  of  a  local  agriculture  remained  for  him 
to  take,  and  in  the  late  60's  he  brought  out  from  Ohio  one  of 
the  early  Poland-Chinas  of  Magie  breeding.  Following  this  he 
bought  a  pair  of  Essex  which  were  unsuccessful,  and  then  some 
heavy  boned  Cheshires. 

The  panic  of  1873  spread  ruin  in  J.  H.  SANDERS'  path.  The 
railroad  in  which  he  was  interested  was  wrecked,  and  the  accumu- 
lations of  some  twenty  years  entirely  absorbed.  Hence  when 
GEORGE  W.  RUST  and  JOHN  P.  REYNOLDS  of  Chicago  called  MR. 
SANDERS  to  the  monthly  "National  Livestock  Journal,"  a  con- 


J.    H.    SANDERS 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  69 

solidation  with  his  own  paper  was  effected,  and  he  became  asso- 
ciate editor.  During  all  these  years,  MR.  SANDERS  cherished  a 
partially  gratified  taste  for  the  American  trotter,  and  after  some 
excellent  reports  on  grand  circuit  races,  was  offered  the  editor- 
ship of  MR.  GEORGE  WILKES'  "Spirit  of  the  Times."  The  Iowa 
home  was  given  up  and  the  livestock  sold,  the  family  removing 
to  New  York.  A  straight  salary  proposition  failed  to  interest 
MR.  SANDERS,  however,  and  after  twelve  months  he  acquired  a 
financial  interest  in  the  National  Livestock  Journal  and  became 
managing  editor. 

In  the  years  just  prior  to  1880  there  was  a  rapid  distribution 
of  improved  blood  throughout  the  central  states,  and  nearly 
all  of  the  breeds  formed  associations  for  their  own  promotion 
and  the  registration  of  their  animals.  MR.  SANDERS  was  par- 
ticularly active  in  advice  and  cooperation  in  such  organizations 
and  himself  prepared  the  initial  volume  of  records  of  the  French 
draft  horse,  then  called  the  Norman.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
to  point  out  the  absurdity  of  this  name  and  succeeded  ultimately 
in  getting  the  name  of  Percheron  adopted. 

In  1881  MR.  SANDERS'  influence  and  circle  of  friends  had 
broadened  to  a  sufficient  extent  to  make  it  possible  for  him  to 
embark  in  a  weekly  livestock  journal  of  his  own.  He  had  been 
president  of  the  Chicago  Fair  Association  which  held  great  live-' 
stock  shows  in  Garfield  Park  in  1880  and  1881,  was  also  presi- 
dent of  the  Chicago  Jockey  and  Trotting  Club,  and  was  secretary 
of  the  American  Trotting  and  Pacing  Horse  Breeders'  Associa- 
tion. Building  on  these  relationships,  he  established  in  the  fall 
of  1881,  The  Breeder's  Gazette,  financed  largely  by  the  pioneer 
farm  implement  maker,  JEROME  I.  CASE,  of  Racine,  Wisconsin. 
After  some  severe  financial  struggles,  the  future  of  the  paper 
was  assured  and  it  has  grown  in  scope  and  influence  until  at  the 
present  day  it  numbers  a  permanent  circulation  of  approximately 
95,000.  The  succeeding  year,  MR.  SANDERS,  in  company  with 


70  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

DR.  JAMES  LAW  (122)  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  was 
made  a  member  of  the  commission  authorized  by  Congress  to 
locate  lands  adjacent  to  certain  Atlantic  seaports,  suitable  for 
quarantine  stations  for  the  detention  of  imported  cattle.  In  1883 
he  went  abroad  to  examine  horse  breeding  in  France,  and  there 
assisted  in  the  organization  and  foundation  of  the  stud  book  for 
the  breed  in  its  native  district.  He  also  was  specially  commis- 
sioned on  this  trip  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  to  report  on 
certain  European  conditions  surrounding  the  American  export 
trade  of  live  cattle  and  meats.  In  addition  to  his  journalistic 
duties,  MR.  SANDERS  found  time  in  1885  to  write  a  book  on 
"Horse  Breeding'*  that  had  widespread  usage  as  a  college  text 
in  the  latter  part  of  the  last  century,  as  well  as  having  a  big  sale 
among  breeders.  In  1888  he  published  a  companion  book  on 
"Breeds  of  Livestock."  His  death  Dec.  22,  1899,  was  peculiarly 
untimely,  as  his  reward  from  American  agriculture  was  by  no 
means  complete. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  71 

A  WIZARD  OF  WOOL 

22.  Possibly  as  wide  an  acquaintance  as  was  ever  enjoyed 
among  the  sheepmen  of  America  was  held  by  ROBERT  B. 
THOMSON.  MR.  THOMSON  was  a  man  untrained  in  husbandry 
and  previous  to  1905  was  unheard  of  in  the  wool  trade.  Never- 
theless, in  the  last  years  of  his  life  he  became  one  of  the  most 
widely  quoted  authorities  on  wool  market  conditions  and  his 
amiable  spirit  won  him  hundreds  of  friends,  both  in  the  east 
and  west.  MR.  THOMSON  was  charged  with  the  organization  of 
the  National  Wool  Warehouse  and  Storage  Co.,  and  in  spite  of 
intrigue,  conspiracy  and  other  troubles  carried  it  to  a  successful 
realization.  When  the  undertaking  was  first  launched,  many 
severe  and  unjust  criticisms  were  made  by  the  short-sighted  and 
partisan  men  who  had  been  attempting  to  back  the  wool  industry 
previously,  but  nothing  of  criticism  was  -directed  toward  the  per- 
sonality that  effected  the  organization. 

ROBERT  BOYD  THOMSON  was  born  in  Chicago,  April  21,  1869, 
of  Scottish  descent.  At  the  close  of  his  school  training  he 
entered  the  employ  of  the  Union  Stock  Yard  &  Transit  Co., 
remaining  with  them  until  his  death.  In  1889  he  took  up  his 
residence  in  Morgan  Park,  and  was  actively  identified  with  its 
development.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Morgan  Park 
Presbyterian  Church  and  became  an  elder  in  it  at  the  age  of  21. 
For  many  years  he  was  a  trustee  of  the  Village  Board  and  acted 
as  trustee  of  the  Morgan  Park  Academy  during  the  troublous 
period  of  its  financing.  MR.  THOMSON  was  a  stockyards  man 
to  the  core,  and  was  intimately  concerned  in  its  growth  and 
development.  During  his  later  years  he  acted  as  treasurer  of 
the  Union  Stock  Yard  &  Transit  Co.,  and  of  the  Chicago  Junction 
Railway  Co.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  first  president 
of  the  Calumet  Trust  &  Savings  Bank  in  1904,  but  resigned  later 
when  the  burdens  of  the  Wool  Warehouse  began  to  absorb  his 
time. 


72  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

When  the  Stock  Yard  Company  first  took  up  the  cooperative  en- 
terprise with  the  wool  growers  of  the  west,  MR.  THOMSON  was 
selected  by  MESSRS.  SPOOR  and  LEONARD  to  represent  their  inter- 
ests. The  obstacles  at  first  appeared  insurmountable,  and  at 
times  the  lack  of  support  and  cooperation  would  have  troubled 
the  soul  of  many  with  more  sturdy  frames,  but  MR.  THOMSON 
never  faltered,  and  continually  pushed  forward  the  plans  for 
the  wool  growers'  cooperative  movement.  The  opening  cam- 
paign of  the  winter  of  1908-1909  was  directed  toward  marketing 
the  western  wool  clip  to  better  advantage  for  the  producer.  At 
that  time  no  other  agricultural  product  had  been  sent  to  the 
manufacturer  under  more  adverse  conditions.  The  gap  between 
the  producer  of  wool  and  the  mill  men  was  so  wide  that  the 
average  shepherd  had  no  idea  many  of  his  practices  such  as 
tying  his  fleeces  with  binder  twine  and  overproducing  fleeces  of 
the  blanket  and  carpet  type,  were  matters  objectionable  to  the 
mill  owner.  Largely  through  the  efforts  of  MR.  THOMSON  in 
his  position  as  secretary  of  the  new  organization  this  gap  was 
bridged.  He  conceived  and  carried  out  the  educational  schemes 
of  the  movement,  personally  preparing  a  series  of  unique 
pamphlets  and  circulars  which  told  the  sheep  men  of  the  per- 
manent injury  done  by  breeding  from  animals  with  black  fleece, 
or  using  insoluble  paints,  sisal  twine  and  indiscriminate  pack- 
ing. Wool  samples  were  sent  by  him  to  flock  owners,  giving 
information  on  market  grades  and  illustrating  the  effect  of  qual- 
ity and  length  of  fiber  on  fleece  values.  Market  letters  were 
issued  at  intervals  indicating  the  trend  of  prices  and  a  wool 
exhibit  full  of  helpful  points  for  the  shipper  was  prepared  for 
exhibition  at  the  International,  at  Wool  Growers'  Conventions 
and  other  meetings.  When  the  preliminary  educational  work 
was  over  and  the  market  and  trade  terms  well  understood,  he 
began  the  fight  for  cooperative  warehouses.  These  were  strongly 
opposed  by  the  wool  trade,  but  his  spirit  never  quailed,  and  his 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  73 

calmly  temperate,  yet  firm,  attitude  won  the  respect  and  admira- 
tion of  both  friends  and  opponents.  His  organization  and 
inspiration  finally  made  the  warehouse  an  established  fact.  From 
this  vantage  point  it  was  easy  to  initiate  the  grading  of  fleeces 
at  the  cooperative  warehouses  and  the  big  shearing  plants.  When 
the  organization  was  firmly  established,  he  resigned  as  secretary 
and  became  vice  president  and  treasurer  of  the  association. 

For  many  years  MR.  THOMSON  was  a  sufferer  from  heart 
trouble  and  the  strenuous  years  of  the  wool  organizing  sapped 
his  vitality  tremendously.  The  night  of  July  13,  1916,  he  peace- 
fully passed  away  as  he  slept,  occasioning  an  almost  irreparable 
loss  to  the  industry  he  had  so  well  served.  No  one  with  the  fine- 
ness of  nature  and  clearly  conceived  duties  that  so  dominated 
MR.  THOMSON'S  life,  could  fail  to  accomplish  his  earthly  mis- 
sion, and  his  business  associates  and  personal  circle  of  friends 
felt  keenly  their  deprivation  of  the  sustaining  power  of  his  rare 
and  warm  friendship. 


74  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

DOCTOR  OF  DAIRYING 

23.  STEPHEN  MOULTON  BABCOCK  was  born  at  Bridgewater, 
New  York,  in  1842.  His  education  was  of  a  type  to  prepare  him 
for  permanent  research  in  scientific  subjects.  In  1866  he 
received  his  A.  B.  from  Tufts  College.  From  1872  to  1875  he 
attended  Cornell  University,  following  which  he  became  an 
instructor  in  chemistry  at  this  institution.  In  1877  he  was 
granted  a  leave  of  absence  to  study  chemistry  abroad  and  in 
1879  the  -degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  was  conferred  on  him 
by  the  University  of  Goettingen.  He  returned  to  Cornell  but  in 
1882  became  chemist  at  the  New  York  Experiment  Station  at 
Geneva,  there  initiating  the  series  of  scientific  discoveries  which 
have  done  so  much  toward  the  upbuilding  of  the  dairy  industry. 
Here  he  invented  an  apparatus  for  determining  the  viscosity  of 
liquids,  and  in  1883  worked  out  a  gravimetric  method  of  ana- 
lyzing milk  which  is  still  in  use.  In  1885  he  perfected  a  simple 
method  for  determining  the  size  and  number  of  fat  globules 
in  milk,  and  as  a  result  of  his  achievements,  in  1888  received 
a  call  to  the  chemistry  department  of  the  Experiment  Station  at 
the  University  of  Wisconsin.  Immediately  upon  his  arrival  in 
Madison  he  began  to  work  on  a  method  for  the  determination 
of  the  percentage  of  butter  fat  in  milk,  and  in  July,  1890,  in 
collaboration  with  DEAN  HENRY  (20)  he  published  the  first 
bulletin  announcing  the  discovery  of  the  centrifugal  test  for 
butter  fat.  So  unusual  were  the  demands  for  this  bulletin,  that 
60,000  copies  were  distributed  through  the  Wisconsin  Experi- 
ment Station  alone.  The  news  of  the  discovery  travelled  to  all 
parts  of  the  world,  and  since  DR.  BABCOCK  refused  to  patent  it 
for  his  own  personal  gain,  its  benefits  have  spread  everywhere. 

While  the  BABCOCK  Test  was  undoubtedly  his  greatest  contri- 
bution to  the  dairy  industry,  his  research  work  on  dairy  products 
was  by  no  means  terminated.  In  1895  he  established  a  method 
by  which  casein  can  be  mechanically  separated  from  the  other 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  75 

constituents  of  milk,  thereby  originating  a  mathematical  form- 
ula permitting  the  computation  of  the  yield  of  cheese  from  a 
given  lot  of  milk.  In  1896  as  an  associate  of  DR.  H.  L.  RUSSELL, 
he  established  the  cause  of  the  lessened  consistency  of  pasteur- 
ized milk,  and  in  1897  discovered  the  ferment  galactase  which 
causes  newly  made  cheese  to  break  down  to  a  digestible  condi- 
tion. Hitherto  this  had  been  believed  to  be  due  to  bacteria. 
Soon  after  this  the  Wisconsin  Curd  Test,  an  ingenious  method 
to  detect  tainted  milk  at  creameries  and  cheese  factories,  was 
annnounced  by  BABCOCK,  RUSSELL  and  DECKER.  In  June,  1900} 
he  was  appointed  professor  of  agricultural  chemistry,  assistant 
director,  and  chief  chemist  at  the  Experiment  Station.  During 
the  same  year  he  received  the  honorary  Degree  of  LL.  D.  at 
Tufts  College.  Australian  and  New  Zealand  dairymen  presented 
him  during  this  year  with  an  oil  painting  and  a  beautifully  illus- 
trated album  of  their  countries,  in  recognition  of  his  most  impor- 
tant Discoveries.  Although  he  was  no  exhibitor,  he  was  awarded 
the  grand  prize  of  honor  at  the  Paris  Exposition.  On  March 
27th,  1901,  the  legislature  of  Wisconsin  before  an  assembly  of 
state  officials,  presented  him  with  a  large  golden  bronze  medal 
in  recognition  of  his  contribution  to  dairy  progress.  In  1913 
he  was  made  professor  emeritus  and  retired  from  his  most  active 
work. 

In  spite  of  the  fundamental  nature  of  DR.  BABCOCK'S  contribu- 
tion he  is  a  man  of  broadest  humanities.  Each  young  investi- 
gator at  Madison  has  only  to  call  to  get  the  benefit  of  his 
seasoned  advice  and  his  original  viewpoints.  For  the  solving  of 
physical  difficulties  in  investigation  DR.  BABCOCK  is  undoubt- 
edly the  most  ingenious  and  self  reliant  man  Wisconsin  has  ever 


76  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

had.  He  is  an  ardent  lover  of  sport  and  a  constant  attendant 
at  baseball,  basketball  and  football  games.  At  one  time  he  was 
the  guest  of  the  Union  Stock  Yards  in  Chicago.  The  forenoon 
was  spent  in  an  inspection  of  the  plant,  and  on  the  parting  at 
noon,  MR.  LEONARD  (64)  told  DR.  BABCOCK  that  he  had  arranged 
for  an  extensive  automobile  trip  through  the  park  and  boulevard 
system  of  Chicago  for  the  afternoon.  His  surprise  was  unfeigned 
when  DR.  BABCOCK  replied,  "If  you  don't  mind,  I  believe  I  shall 
go  out  to  see  the  White  Sox." 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  77 

THE  STOCKMAN'S  SCHOOLMASTER 

24.  "A  gentle  soul  full  of  modest  stillness  and  humility,  with 
a  vision  and  taste  of  the  wonder,  beauty  and  meaning  of  life, 
may  not  pass  this  way  without  leaving  indelible  tracks,  even  in 

the  shifting  sands And  so  the  life  of  PROFESSOR  CRAIG 

may  move  to  its  appreciation  the  pens  and  lips  and  hearts  of 

many   folk   who   did   not   know   the   man When   he   was 

returned  to  Mother  Earth  it  was  too  late  for  him  to  see  the  monu- 
ments that  hundreds  of  unknown  friends  had  erected  in  their 
own  hearts  to  his  patient,  suffering,  simple  life."  Thus  DfiWiTT 
C.  WING  paid  tribute  to  a  man  who  was  as  sincerely  mourned  in 
his  death  as  any  who  had  ever  donated  his  life  to  agriculture. 

The  passing  of  JOHN  A.  CRAIG  marked  the  close  of  an  eventful 
career  in  livestock  husbandry.  PROFESSOR  CRAIG  was  born 
December  25,  1868,  at  Russell,  Ontario,  and  was  reared  among 
Canadian  stockmen.  He  possessed  an  innate  love  for  animal 
life  and  a  patient  gentleness  of  spirit  that  is  won  only  by  those 
who  live  in  perfect  communion  with  nature.  He  sprang  from 
Scotch  stock,  his  home  being  in  that  section  of  Ontario  that  has 
given  so  largely  of  its  sons  to  quicken  our  agricultural  progress, 
CARLYLE  (32),  MARSHALL,  FERGUSON,  KENNEDY,  RUTHERFORD, 
McLEAN  and  CHRISTIE.  His  elemental  subjects  were  learned  in 
the  rural  schools,  but  he  gained  his  science  at  the  Ontario  Agri- 
cultural College  and  the  University  of  Toronto. 

His  first  influence  on  agriculture  was  exerted  in  1889  through 
his  connection  with  the  "Canadian  Livestock  Journal?  but  in  1890 
he  was  called  by  DEAN  HENRY  (20)  to  Madison  to  become  the  first 
head  of  a  purely  livestock  department  in  an  educational  institu- 
tion. His  work  was  that  of  a  pioneer,  but  he  builded  broadly 
in  establishing  methods  of  research  and  outlining  systems  of 
teaching.  He  based  his  theory  on  the  principle  that  accurate 
and  scientific  knowledge  of  animals  can  be  acquired  only  from 


78  THE  PORTRAIT   GALLERY 

a  study  of  the  animals  themselves.  In  1896  he  went  to  Iowa 
where  he  organized  the  material  for  and  published  a  200-page 
book  on  "Judging  Livestock,"  still  the  classic  on  this  subject. 
It  has  gone  through  seventeen  editions  and  many  thousands  of 
volumes,  but  its  story  is  not  yet  fully  told.  In  1899  he  arranged 
the  first  interstate  student's  livestock  judging  contest  at  the  Trans- 
Mississippi  Exposition  at  Omaha. 

PROFESSOR  CRAIG  felt  seriously  the  handicap  of  failing  hear- 
ing and  a  permanent  lameness  in  one  leg,  and  in  1901  he 
deemed  it  best  to  retire  from  college  life.  As  soon  as  this 
decision  became  known  he  was  offered  the  managing  editorship 
of  the  Iowa  Homestead,  in  Des  Moines.  Here  the  quaint  sim- 
plicity of  the  pastoral  genius  that  introduced  his  utterances  in 
his  text  book,  received  a  fuller  rein,  but  his  editorial  life  was 
too  short.  Failing  health  could  not  stand  the  confinement  and 
the  following  year  he  practiced  farming  in  Barren  Co.,  Wiscon- 
sin. The  season  was  too  severe,  however,  and  he  found  relief 
at  San  Antonio,  Texas,  where  he  established  Oakmore  Farm. 
Here  he  did  some  of  his  best  work  as  a  writer,  and  spent  the 
happiest  and  most  hopeful  period  of  his  life. 

As  his  health  was  improving,  he  accepted  in  1903  the  position 
of  dean  and  director  of  the  Texas  Agricultural  College  and 
Experiment  Station,  but  the  play  of  politics  was  too  much  for  a 
man  who  never  sold  his  manhood  nor  sacrificed  a  principle.  He 
returned  to  Oakmore  in  1906  only  to  be  called  two  years  later 
to  Oklahoma.  A  factional  political  fight  dealt  illy  with  him 
here  and  he  resigned  at  the  end  of  the  1909-10  school  year.  At 
a  tremendous  sacrifice  of  energy,  he  had  given  these  institutions 
new  direction  and  new  life,  and  he  had  blazed  a  way  that  has 
made  it  easy  for  his  successors  to  follow.  He  returned  from 
Stillwater  to  Oakmore  and  after  a  brief  illness  passed  beyond 
on  August  9,  1910. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  79 

At  the  time  of  his  resignation  from  Oklahoma,  DEAN  HENRY 
wrote  a  friend:  "The  thing  that  pleased  me  more  than  words 
can  express,  was  the  showing  in  PROF.  CRAIG'S  letters  that  he 
was  a  matured,  advanced  thinker  along  agricultural  lines,  both 
educationally  and  experimentally  ...  In  him  I  saw  a  leader, 
one  who  was  making  good  and  leaving  his  mark.  I  felt  that 
under  his  guidance  Oklahoma  would  soon  have  an  agricultural 
development  that  would  serve  as  a  model  for  the  whole  south- 
western United  States,  if  not  for  a  much  larger  region  .  .  . 
Does  Oklahoma  realize  that  she  is  losing  in  the  passing  of 
PROFESSOR  CRAIG  one  of  the  all  too  few  really  intellectually 
mature,  unselfish  leaders  in  agricultural  education  and  research. 
Does  she  realize  that  to  replace  such  a  man  she  cannot  find  half 
a  dozen  in  the  whole  United  States,  and,  they  are  fixtures  and 
not  seeking  positions.  Men  in  agricultural  teaching  and  research 
who  have  the  right  makeup  in  intellect,  spirit  and  training  are 
oh!  so  rare." 

Not  long  before  his  death,  PROFESSOR  CRAIG  sent  to  some  of 
his  friends  the  following  beautiful  sentiment,  a  sentiment  he 
had  lived  more  significantly  than  he  knew: 

"Lord,  make  me  respect  my  material  so  much  that  I  dare  not 
slight  my  work.  Help  me  to  deal  very  honestly  with  words  and 
with  people,  because  they  are  both  alive.  Show  me  that  as  in  a 
river,  so  in  a  writing,  clearness  is  the  best  quality,  and  a  little 
that  is  pure  is  worth  more  than  much  that  is  mired.  Teach  me 
to  see  the  local  color  without  being  blind  to  the  inner  light. 
Give  me  an  ideal  that  will  stand  the  strain  of  weaving  into 
human  stuff  on  the  loom  of  the  real.  Keep  me  from  caring 
more  for  books  than  for  folks,  for  art  more  than  for  life.  Steady 
me  to  do  my  full  stint  of  work  as  well  as  I  can,  and  when  that 
is  done,  stop  me,  pay  what  wages  Thou  wilt,  and  help  me  to  say 
from  a  quiet  heart,  a  grateful  Amen." 


80  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  SPONSOR  FOR  AGRICULTURAL  INVESTIGATION 

25.  Legislation  for  the  founding  of  the  agricultural  college 
and  experiment  station  system  in  America  may  be  credited  to 
three  men,  SENATOR  MORRILL  (28),  CONGRESSMAN  HATCH  (27), 
and  CONGRESSMAN  ADAMS.  Frailest  physically,  but  most  zealous 
intellectually,  was  the  last  named  of  the  three,  a  man  who  burned 
the  candle  of  life  freely  when  he  fought  for  his  beloved  agricul- 
tural interests.  He  claimed  no  laurels  as  an  originator  of  rural 
legislation,  but  he  found  universal  recognition  in  his  framing 
of  the  meat  inspection  and  pure  food  bills,  his  championship  of 
the  oleomargarine  legislation  and  his  supplementing  of  the 
appropriation  for  the  agricultural  experiment  stations. 

HON.  HENRY  CULLEN  ADAMS  was  born  September  28,  1850,  at 
Verona,  N.  Y.  His  father  was  a  professor  of  Greek  and  Latin 
at  Hamilton  College,  but  while  he  was  still  in  his  mother's  arms 
the  family  proceeded  to  Wisconsin.  His  early  years  were  spent 
at  Beaver  Dam  and  Liberty  Prairie,  and  he  ultimately  moved  to 
a  farm  in  the  vicinity  of  Madison.  His  education  was  obtained 
in  the  rural  and  city  schools  and  in  the  Albion  Academy,  while 
he  spent  three  years  at  the  University  of  Wisconsin.  His  career 
here  was  terminated  due  to  ill  health,  and  after  an  unsuccessful 
attempt  to  study  law,  he  engaged  in  dairy  and  fruit  farming. 
This  was  his  chief  occupation  until  the  last  five  years  of  his  life, 
when  he  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  real  estate.  As  a  farmer 
he  entered  into  a  variety  of  activities  tending  toward  rural  bet- 
terment. He  was  an  institute  worker  in  connection  with  the  state 
university,  secretary  of  the  Wisconsin  State  Horticultural  Society, 
member  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  and  President  of  the 
State  Dairymen's  Association. 

In  politics  he  was  equally  prominent.  For  two  terms  he  was 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature,  Superintendent  of  Public 
Property  for  six  years,  and  Dairy  and  Food  Commissioner  for 
eight  years.  He  was  elected  representative  from  the  2d  Wiscon- 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  81 

sin  Congressional  District  to  the  58th  and  59th  Congresses,  where 
he  was  a  member  of  the  committee  on  agriculture.  Here  he 
performed  the  services  previously  enumerated  and  on  his  way 
home  from  the  last  Congress  passed  away  at  the  Auditorium 
Hotel,  Chicago,  July  9,  1906. 

MR.  ADAMS  was  a  man  of  extreme  honesty  and  faithfulness. 
His  judgment  was  of  the  highest  order  and  his  cordial  friendli- 
ness won  him  a  host  of  supporters.  No  public  servant  was  ever 
more  worthy  of  his  trust,  and  the  rural  interests  of  America  can 
well  laud  him  as  one  of  their  heroes. 


82  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  PROFESSOR  WHO  PRACTISED  HIS  OWN  PREACHMENTS 

26.  Towering  head  and  shoulders  above  his  colleagues  in  the 
collegiate  profession  as  a  moulder  of  the  destinies  of  the  Ameri- 
can livestock  industry,  is  CHARLES  F.  CURTISS,  dean  and  director 
of  the  Division  of  Agriculture  of  the  Iowa  State  College,  Ames, 
la.  DEAN  CURTISS  possesses  the  happy  combination  of  a  mind 
and  instincts  firmly  grounded  in  livestock  fundamentals,  and  is 
able  to  impress  the  student  of  agriculture,  the  farmer,  the  young 
breeder  and  the  most  seasoned  man  of  business  with  the  dignity 
and  the  desirability  of  rural  callings.  DEAN  CURTISS  gained  a 
vision  of  the  relations  between  agriculture  and  public  service 
through  his  years  as  an  understudy  of  "TAMA  JIM"  WILSON  (15) 
when  the  latter  was  professor  of  agriculture  and  director  of  the 
experiment  station  at  the  Iowa  State  College.  He  was  born  at 
Boral,  111.,  December  12,  1863,  the  son  of  FRANKLIN  CURTISS, 
a  sturdy  and  progressive  pioneer  farmer.  His  early  years  were 
spent  on  the  farm  and  at  twenty  years  of  age  he  entered  Iowa 
State  College.  He  received  his  Bachelor's  Degree  in  1887  and 
seven  years  later  was  awarded  his  M.  S.  In  recognition  of  his 
broad  services  to  American  husbandry  he  was  given  the  doctorate 
of  science  in  1907  by  the  Michigan  Agricultural  College. 

It  is  in  DEAN  CURTISS'  public  life,  however,  that  his  greatest 
contributions  to  agriculture  have  been  made.  With  his  first  sav- 
ings he  secured  the  tract  of  land  south  of  Iowa  State  College 
that  is  today  known  as  Rookwood  Farm,  and  with  an  eye  to  the 
achievements  of  the  constructive  leaders  of  the  preceding  gen- 
eration, selected  high  class  Shorthorn  cattle,  Shropshire  sheep 
and  Berkshire  swine  with  which  to  stock  it.  Recognizing  the 
profitableness  of  using  purebred  draft  animals  to  provide  farm 
power,  a  few  years  after  establishing  his  farm,  he  purchased  a 
few  Percheron  mares  and  at  present  has  a  capital  bunch  of 
breeding  animals  and  young  stock.  DEAN  CURTISS  is  a  con- 
structive farmer  of  the  broadest  gauged  type.  He  not  only  has 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  83 

brought  his  farm  to  a  higher  stage  of  fertility  than  it  possessed 
at  his  purchase,  but  he  has  achieved  most  successful  results  in 
show  and  sale  ring  with  his  Shorthorns  and  Berkshires.  As  a 
young  calf  in  the  herd  of  CARPENTER  &  Ross  (106),  he  selected 
Count  Avon,  a  son  of  Avondale,  and  at  the  International  of 
1912  as  a  two-year-old,  this  bull  achieved  the  grand  champion- 
ship. His  Berkshires  have  won  prizes  at  the  three  greatest  swine 
shows  in  America,  the  Iowa  State  Fair,  the  National  Swine 
Show,  and  the  International  Exposition.  At  the  college  his 
efforts  have  been  equally  successful.  Four  times  the  grand 
championship  at  the  International  on  steers  has  gone  to  Ames, 
and  draft  horses,  swine  and  sheep  have  been  prominent  winners, 
the  college  having  had  grand  champion  barrow  three  times.  The 
college  bred  the  champion  gelding  of  the  1917  and  1918  Inter- 
nationals shown  by  WILSON  &  Co. 

DEAN  CURTISS  has  been  a  prominent  factor  in  Iowa  agricul- 
ture as  a  director  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  and  supej- 
intendent  of  the  horse  department  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair.  He 
is  a  life  member  of  the  International  Livestock  Association  and 
from  the  beginning  has  been  connected  as  a  director,  official  and 
judge,  now  being  its  president.  He  has  been  President  of  the 
American  Berkshire  Association,  and  of  the  American  Shrop- 
shire Association,  director  of  the  Percheron  Society  of  America 
and  a  director  and  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
National  Society  of  Livestock  Record  Associations.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  horse  breeding  and  meat  investigation  committee 
of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  and  special  inves- 
tigator for  Great  Britain  and  Mexico.  He  has  been  con- 
sulting editor  of  the  Agricultural  Digest  and  staff  correspondent 
of  practically  all  the  leading  farm  journals,  notably  The  Breeder's 
Gazette  and  Wallace's  Farmer. 

DEAN  CURTISS  is  one  of  the  foremost  judges  of  livestock  of  all 
breeds  and  classes  in  America.  He  has  performed  satisfactorily 


84  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

in  draft  horse,  beef  cattle,  harness  horse,  swine  and  sheep  rings, 
at  state  fairs,  the  American  Royal,  Madison  Square  Garden  and 
the  International.  He  was  one  of  a  group  of  three  judges  chosen 
to  represent  America  in  the  first  international  exchange  of  judges 
with  the  Argentine.  He  there  tied  the  ribbons  on  the  Short- 
horns, and  the  bull  he  selected  for  champion  established  the 
price  record  for  an  animal  of  Argentinian  breeding  at  that  date. 
DEAN  CURTISS  more  than  anyone  else  has  demonstrated  to  the 
breeder  and  practical  farmer,  the  ultimate  worth  of  an  agricul- 
tural college  education.  His  portrait  was  given  to  the  SADDLE 
AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  by  the  students  of  Iowa  State  College. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  85 

FOUNDER  OF  THE  AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT 
STATIONS 

27.  The  man  who  first  appreciated  in  a  concrete  and  con- 
structive way  the  effect  of  local  conditions  in  the  application 
of  agricultural  knowledge,  was  WILLIAM  HENRY  HATCH,  origina- 
tor and  proponent  of  the  act  that  founded  the  agricultural  experi- 
ment stations.  He  was  a  man  of  varied  interests  and  many-sided 
personality,  but  through  it  all  ran  a  warm  sympathy  that  turned 
him  to  rural  interests  always,  in  spite  of  an  eventful  public  life. 

MR.  HATCH  was  born  in  Georgetown,  Ky.,  Sept.  11,  1833,  of 
New  England  parentage.  During  his  early  years  he  displayed 
a  pastoral  disposition,  and  was  vitally  concerned  with  all  things 
connected  with  farm  and  animal  life.  For  forty  years  his  inter- 
ests were  grounded  in  his  own  acres,  and  his  public  career  was 
characterized  by  a  constructive  insight  into  the  rural,  social, 
and  economic  structure.  His  school  life  at  Georgetown  and 
Lexington,  Ky.,  was  very  brief,  and  he  early  went  to  Richmond, 
Ky.,  where  he  secured  employment  in  a  drug  store  and  studied 
law  in  the  office  of  JUDGE  TURNER.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  but  soon  removed  to  Missouri,  where 
four  years  later  he  was  made  attorney  in  the  circuit  court  of 
the  sixteenth  judicial  district  for  two  terms. 

His  second  term  was  interrupted  by  his  commission  as  captain 
in  the  Confederate  army  in  1862.  The  following  year  he  was 
appointed  commissioner  in  charge  of  the  exchange  of  prisoners. 
He  was  stationed  at  Richmond,  Virginia,  and  was  so  considerate 
in  the  discharge  of  his  duty  that  he  was  endeared  by  friend  and 
foe  alike.  About  this  time  he  was  promoted  to  a  lieutenant- 
colonelcy. 

In  1878,  COL.  HATCH  was  elected  to  Congress,  where  he  served 
for  sixteen  years.  He  was  here  the  author  of  numerous  bills 
of  agricultural  importance.  In  addition  to  the  experiment  sta- 
tion bill  already  mentioned,  he  fathered  the  oleomargarine  law 


86  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

and  the  anti-option  bills.     He  died  December  23,  1896,  near 
Hannibal,  Mo.,  two  years  after  leaving  Congress. 

The  Massachusetts  experiment  station  was  first  established  as 
the  Hatch  experiment  station,  being  named  in  his  honor.  His 
life  was  characterized  by  integrity,  firm  conviction  and  a  gen- 
erous lovable  disposition,  and  his  contribution  to  agricultural 
progress  under  the  HATCH  act  is  immeasurable  in  its  worth. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  87 

CREATOR  OF  THE  LAND-GRANT  COLLEGES 

28.  The  founder  of  American  agricultural  education  was  the 
HON.  JUSTIN  S.  MORRILL  of  Vermont.  Born  at  Stratford  in  that 
state  on  April  14,  1810,  his  early  opportunities  were  somewhat 
limited.  His  education  was  obtained  in  the  common  schools 
and  academies  of  the  immediate  vicinity  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
he  was  forced  to  begin  work  as  a  clerk  in  a  store.  In  1828  he 
entered  the  employ  of  a  West  India  merchant  at  Portland,  Me., 
and  three  years  later  launched  a  partnership  in  merchandise 
with  JEDEDIAH  HARRIS  of  that  city.  This  business  was  main- 
tained until  the  death  of  MR.  HARRIS  in  1855. 

As  a  young  man,  SENATOR  MORRILL  evinced  a  studious  dispo- 
sition, reading  continuously  to  supplement  the  deficiencies  of 
his  education.  His  topics  were  varied,  and  he  mastered  even 
"Blackstone's  Commentaries"  while  a  clerk  in  the  Stratford 
store.  His  memory  was  singularly  retentive  and  his  intellect 
powerful;  in  1850,  he  had  become  one  of  the  best  equipped  men 
in  Vermont  to  hold  a  position  requiring  sagacity  and  training. 

He  held  no  political  aspirations  as  a  young  man,  and  although 
elected  a  justice  of  peace,  refused  to  serve.  Hence  it  was  a 
distinct  surprise  and  tribute  to  him  when  he  was  unanimously 
nominated  to  succeed  CONGRESSMAN  ANDREW  TRACY  in  1854. 
MR.  MORRILL  was  seated  in  the  34th  congress  in  1855,  on  the 
Whig  ticket.  He  participated  actively  in  the  foundation  of  the 
new  Republican  party.  In  Congress  his  influence  increased 
rapidly  and  he  was  a  member  of  many  important  committees 
during  his  six  terms  of  service.  His  tastes  soon  led  him  to 
questions  of  agriculture  and  financial  importance,  and  as  a 
result  he  was  an  early  advocate  of  a  strong  protective  tariff. 

In  1858  CONGRESSMAN  MORRILL  added  lustre  to  the  fame  he 
had  already  gained  in  opposing  the  tariff  bill  in  1857,  by  intro- 
ducing and  pushing  to  a  successful  issue  the  first  anti-polygamy 
bill  to  affect  the  Utah  Mormons.  During  the  same  year  he  intro- 


88  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

duced  the  Land-Grant  college  bill,  providing  for  the  setting  aside 
of  public  lands  to  found  agricultural,  industrial  and  scientific 
institutions  in  the  newly  settled  districts.  Although  this 
passed  both  branches  of  Congress  it  was  vetoed  by  PRESIDENT 
BUCHANAN,  and  it  did  not  become  a  law  until  re-passed  in  1862 
and  signed  by  PRESIDENT  LINCOLN.  Under  the  provisions  of 
this  law  more  than  fifty  institutions  were  established  over  the 
country  with  facilities  for  500  or  more  students  and  instructors 
in  each.  A  later  act  fathered  by  MR.  MORRILL  supplemented 
the  college  support. 

In  the  troublous  times  just  before  the  War  of  Secession  MR. 
MORRILL  was  a  most  prominent  figure  on  the  floor  of  the  house. 
He  delivered  the  speech  credited  with  defeating  the  admission 
of  Kansas  as  a  state  under  a  pro-slavery  constitution.  He  was 
placed  in  charge  of  all  tariff,  tax  and  revenue  bills  throughout 
the  war  and  in  1861  devised  the  MORRILL  Tariff  Act  that 
remained  in  force  until  replaced  by  the  McKiNLEY  bill  of  the 
51st  Congress.  His  bill  was  the  first  to  change  the  ad  valorem 
basis  to  that  of  specific  duties. 

His  election  to  the  Senate  occurred  in  1867,  as  a  successor  to 
LUKE  P.  POLAND  of  Vermont.  Here  he  was  five  times  elected 
to  succeed  himself  and  served  a  total  of  over  forty  years  in  both 
houses.  As  chairman  of  the  committees  on  finance  and  public 
buildings  and  grounds,  he  was  a  highly  important  figure,  while 
his  counsel  as  a  member  of  the  committees  on  education  and 
labor,  census,  revolutionary  claims  and  additional  accommoda- 
tions to  the  Congressional  Library  was  eagerly  sought. 

He  was  an  author  of  no  mean  repute,  contributing  copiously 
to  the  magazines  and  journals  of  the  day.  In  1886  a  book  by 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  89 

him,  entitled  "The  Self-Consciousness  of  Noted  Persons," 
appeared  from  a  Boston  press.  This  was  a  collection  of  self 
appreciative  expressions  made  by  a  number  of  distinguished 
figures.  Dartmouth  College  conferred  an  M.  A.  on  him  in  1857, 
the  University  of  Vermont  an  LL.  D.  in  1874,  and  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  a  similar  degree  in  1884.  His  honorable  career 
in  Congress  constitutes  one  of  its  brightest  bits  of  service  and 
established  a  record  whose  length  is  yet  unequalled. 


90  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  CONSTRUCTIVE  AGRICULTURAL  THINKER 

29.  Among  the  sturdy  apostles  of  a  new  American  agriculture 
that  flocked  so  abundantly  from  the  halls  of  the  little  Michigan 
Agricultural  College  in  the  80's  was  DEAN  EUGENE  DAVENPORT. 
Born  at  Woodland,  Michigan,  June  20,  1856,  he  grew  to  young 
manhood  on  a  Michigan  farm.  Of  sternest  stuff,  he  earned  his 
own  way  through  the  agricultural  college,  receiving  the  degrees 
of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  1878,  Master  of  Science  in  1884,  and 
Master  of  Agriculture  in  1885.  During  these  years  he  had 
taught  both  public  and  private  schools,  and  interspersed  his 
teaching  seasons  with  vigorous  wrestling  with  soil  and  crop  on 
the  home  farm.  The  exigencies  of  his  early  career  grounded 
his  viewpoint  firmly  upon  the  soil,  and  he  has  never  failed  in 
after  years  to  hold  to  that  as  fundamental.  The  social  and 
economic  problems  of  the  rural  community  have  always  been 
the  ones  next  to  his  heart.  From  1889  to  1891,  he  was  professor 
of  agriculture  at  the  Michigan  college,  but  in  the  summer  of 
that  year  was  called  to  found  and  organize  a  government  school 
at  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil.  The  record  he  had  established  at  his 
own  Alma  Mater  of  successfully  measuring  himself  against  odds 
and  difficulties  was  continued  in  Brazil,  but  the  effort  proved 
premature  on  the  part  of  this  South  American  government.  He 
consequently  returned  to  America,  but  proceeding  by  way  of 
England,  made  a  thorough  study  of  the  English  methods  of 
agricultural  education  and  the  English  practices  of  husbandry. 
He  was  particularly  impressed  by  the  fertility  maintenance 
experiments  of  LAWES  and  GILBERT  at  Rothamstead,  just  out  of 
London,  and  he  returned  to  college  work  with  a  broadened  out- 
look and  a  new  enthusiasm. 

In  January,  1895,  he  became  dean  and  director  of  agriculture 
at  the  University  of  Illinois,  a  position  he  has  held  ever  since. 
Under  his  supervision  the  Illinois  college  has  grown  to  be  one 
of  the  largest  in  the  matter  of  equipment,  faculty  and  attend- 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  91 

ance,  that  has  been  produced  in  America.  DEAN  DAVENPORT 
has  particularly  emphasized  the  need  for  research,  at  the  same 
time  seeking  a  balanced  development  on  the  practical  side  of 
agriculture.  He  has  gathered  around  him  a  most  notable  faculty, 
and  has  secured  the  greatest  appropriations  any  agricultural 
school  in  America  has  enjoyed. 

DEAN  DAVENPORT  has  written  abundantly  for  the  agricultural 
press,  and  has  himself  prepared  numerous  reports  and  bulletins. 
In  1907  he  published  through  GINN  &  Co.,  his  volume  on  the 
"Principles  of  Breeding,"  a  book  on  which  he  had  labored  for 
well  over  ten  years.  In  1909  his  treatise  on  "Education  for 
Efficiency"  left  the  press  and  in  1910  his  high  school  text  on 
"Domesticated  Animals  and  Plants"  appeared.  He  has  been  a 
popular  speaker  on  agricultural  topics,  a  most  thoughtful  writer, 
and  an  original  thinker.  DEAN  DAVENPORT'S  greatest  genius  has 
laid  in  his  ability  to  organize  and  direct  others,  and  in  this 
capacity  he  has  achieved  the  largest  results  from  an  educational 
standpoint.  Honors  for  him  have  been  frequent  and  distin- 
guished. He  is  widely  recognized  on  public  programs,  has  been 
chairman  of  the  agricultural  section  of  the  American  Associa- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  has  held  numerous 
other  offices  of  distinction.  In  1907  his  Alma  Mater  conferred 
upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.  D.,  and  in  1913  the  honor 
was  repeated  by  the  University  of  Kentucky.  While  in  England, 
DEAN  DAVENPORT  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Author's  Club 
in  London,  and  his  writings  have  been  watched  quite  carefully 
by  British  readers. 


92  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  SERUM  SAVIOR  OF  SWINE 

30.  During  the  last  forty  years  the  loss  due  to  hog  cholera 
in  the  United  States  has  averaged  about  fifty  million  dollars 
annually,  four  percent  interest  on  an  investment  of  a  billion 
an-d  a  quarter  dollars.  During  this  period  the  total  loss  haa 
been  nearly  two  billion  dollars,  or  approximately  twice  as  much 
as  the  theoretical  investment.  In  1913,  a  year  when  the  scourge 
flourished,  a  toll  of  seventy-five  million  dollars  was  exacted, 
while  in  1918,  it  had  been  reduced  sixty  percent,  or  a  total  of 
thirty-two  million  dollars.  In  Iowa  in  1913,  nearly  three  million 
hogs  died  with  the  cholera,  while  in  1917  the  loss  was  less  than 
a  hundred  and  eighty-nine  thousand.  The  man  to  whom  this 
phenomenal  saving  may  be  credited  is  DR.  MARION  DORSET,  dis- 
coverer of  the  anti-hog  cholera  serum. 

DR.  DORSET  was  born  in  Columbia,  Tennessee,  December  14, 
1872,  and  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Tennessee  with 
a  B.  S.  degree  in  1893.  He  immediately  proceeded  to  Columbian 
(now  George  Washington)  University  at  Georgetown,  where 
he  received  his  M.  D.,  and  later  took  up  veterinary  studies  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  specialized  in  bacteriology 
and  pathology,  and  from  the  first  engaged  in  research  work  on 
the  bacterial  toxins.  In  1905  in  collaboration  with  DR.  NILES 
of  Iowa  he  published  his  first  bulletin  on  the  method  of  pre- 
paring anti-hog  cholera  serum.  Of  recent  years  he  has  par- 
ticularly studied  tuberculosis,  but  has  given  some  attention  to 
the  etiology  and  prevention  of  other  animal  diseases.  He  is 
chief  of  the  biochemic  division,  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  American  Public  Health  Association,  Ameri- 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  93 

can  Chemical  Society,  Society  of  American  Bacteriologists,  and 
is  a  Fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science. 

DR.  DORSET'S  work  has  been  almost  entirely  of  a  research 
nature,  and  he  has  taken  only  a  minor  part  in  the  development 
of  the  great  organization  that  has  succeeded  in  so  cutting  down 
the  toll  of  this  terrible  disease.  His  purely  scientific  interest 
prevented  him  from  taking  any  personal  advantage  of  his  dis- 
covery with  regard  to  patents  and  today  numerous  serum  com- 
panies conduct  enormous  businesses  based  on  his  methods. 


94  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

AN  ARGENTINE  AMBASSADOR 

31.  CHARLES  E.  DUGGAN  is  the  first  breeder  from  the  Argen- 
tine to  visit  the  International  as  a  judge,  and  one  of  the  leading 
figures  in  the  effort  to  promote  an  entente  cordiale  between  the 
Shorthorn  promoters  of  the  northern  and  southern  continents. 
Of  British  parentage,  his  father  Irish  and  his  mother  English, 
he  was  born  native  of  Argentina  in  the  late  60's.  His  start  in 
the  Shorthorn  industry  was  most  auspicious,  as  his  father  had 
acquired  the  CRUICKSHANK  Argentine  importation,  bought  by 
THOMAS  NELSON,  CHARLES  DUGGAN'S  maternal  grandfather.  As 
head  of  the  firm  of  DUGGAN  BROS.,  he  operates  estancias  totaling 
one  million  acres,  one  of  the  largest  holdings  in  the  Argentine. 
The  DUGGANS  have  persistently  held  to  the  female  descendants 
of  the  original  CRUICKSHANK  importation,  and  although  the  ani- 
mals are  kept  in  rough  outdoor  condition,  some  noteworthy  sires 
and  show  animals  in  other  hands  have  been  sold  from  the  herd. 
DUGGAN  bulls  have  the  singular  habit  of  breeding  better  than 
they  appear  and  so  firmly  entrenched  has  his  position  become 
to  Argentine  breeders  that  he  has  for  many  years  been  treasurer 
of  the  Shorthorn  Association  in  Argentina.  In  1916  MR.  DUGGAN 
came  to  the  International  to  judge  the  bullocks  and  at  the  same 
time  he  assisted  on  the  Shorthorn  breeding  cattle.  In  the  name 
of  the  family  he  has  presented  to  the  American  Shorthorn  Asso- 
ciation a  cup  for  the  best  bull  and  female  bred  by  exhibitor, 
permanent  possession  being  obtained  when  one  exhibitor  has 
won  it  three  times,  or  at  two  Internationals  in  succession. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  95 

FROM  PROFESSOR'S  CHAIR  TO  PRINCE'S  PADDOCK 

32.  Foremost  among  the  contingent  of  students  of  animal 
husbandry  to  leave  the  gates  of  the  Ontario  Agricultural  College, 
and,  carry  the  message  of  modern  livestock  practice  to  America, 
is  WILLIAM  LEVI  CARLYLE.  PROFESSOR  CARLYLE  was  instructor 
in  the  Ontario  Agricultural  College  for  the  school  year  1892-93, 
and  was  so  successful  that  he  was  called  to  the  University  of 
Minnesota  for  the  next  three  years  as  an  extension  lecturer  in 
Animal  Husbandry.  Here  his  acquaintance  among  American 
livestock  men  was  rapidly  broadened,  and  in  1896  he  was  elected 
to  the  University  of  Wisconsin  as  Professor  of  Animal  Hus- 
bandry, to  succeed  the  lamented  CRAIG  (24).  For  seven  years 
he  pursued  a  series  of  practical  investigations  in  the  feeding 
and  management  of  livestock,  cooperating  with  DEAN  HENRY 
(20)  in  his  studies  on  the  food  requirements  of  cattle  and  sheep 
under  midwest  systems  of  handling.  While  at  Madison  he 
inspired  numerous  young  men  with  the  vision  of  improved  live- 
stock, and  numbers  of  his  students  went  back  to  the  farm  to 
succeed  as  breeders,  or  went  to  other  institutions  to  carry  on  the 
message  of  a  better  husbandry.  Prominent  among  the  latter  are 
TRUE  of  California,  TROWBRIDGE  of  Missouri,  RICHARDS  of 
North  Dakota,  MORTON  of  Colorado,  DODGE  of  Hood  Farm  and 
SCHROEDER  of  the  Wisconsin  Agriculturist.  In  1903  he  was 
made  professor  of  agriculture  at  the  Colorado  Agricultural 
College,  and  two  years  later  was  elected  dean.  In  1909  due  to 
an  unusual  political  situation  he  resigned  his  post,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  was  made  director  of  the  experiment  station  and 
dean  of  agriculture  at  the  University  of  Idaho.  Here  his  suc- 
cess was  instantaneous,  and  he  made  strenuous  efforts  to  upbuild 
the  herds  of  cattle  and  sheep  at  the  college  and  to  introduce 
purebred  sires  of  both  races  into  the  state.  In  1915  DEAN  CAR- 
LYLE was  made  dean  and  director  of  agriculture  at  the  Okla- 
homa A.  &  M.  College  at  Stillwater.  Here  he  made  strong 


96  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

efforts  to  advertise  the  work  of  the  institution  and  to  increase 
its  prestige.  During  his  years  at  Stillwater  he  turned  out  several 
champion  and  prize  winning  steers  at  the  southwest  fat  stock 
shows,  induced  numerous  feeders  and  cattle  men  of  the  state 
to  embark  in  the  production  of  purebred  cattle,  and  was  respon- 
sible for  the  enactment  of  an  effective  stallion  law.  In  1919 
he  resigned  his  position  to  enter  commercial  pursuits,  and  was 
appointed  manager  of  the  large  Percheron  holdings  of  GEORGE 
LANE,  Calgary,  Alberta,  being  in  direct  charge  of  one  14,000  acre 
farm.  During  the  visit  of  the  Prince  of  Wales  to  Canada  in 
1919,  the  Prince  was  the  guest  of  MR.  LANE  at  the  Bar  U 
ranches,  and  became  extremely  interested  in  farm  lands.  While 
on  a  chicken  shooting  party  in  which  both  the  Prince  and  MR. 
CARLYLE  were  included,  the  Prince  determined  on  purchasing 
a  farm  adjoining  Bar  U  ranch  and  appointed  MR.  CARLYLE 
agent  and  manager  with  MR.  LANE  as  advisor  for  the  property. 
On  the  return  of  the  Prince  to  Britain,  MR.  CARLYLE  selected 
Shorthorn  cattle,  Shropshire  sheep  and  Thoroughbred  horses 
from  the  English  estate  of  His  Royal  Highness  with  which  to 
stock  the  Alberta  acreage.  The  new  farm  is  christened  the  E.  P. 
ranch,  based  on  the  custom  of  the  owner  to  sign  himself  EDWARD 
PRINCE. 

DEAN  CARLYLE  was  born  in  Ontario,  September  22,  1870,  and 
became  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  in  1904.  He  received  his 
Bachelor's  degree  at  the  Ontario  Agricultural  College  in  1892, 
and  his  M.  S.  at  the  Colorado  Agricultural  College  in  1905. 
His  chief  influence  has  been  exerted  for  the  introduction  and 
dissemination  of  purebred  animals,  and  he  has  made  a  careful 
study  of  feeding  and  development  under  range  conditions.  So 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  97 

enthusiastic  has  been  his  work  that  one  daughter,  HELEN,  grad- 
uated in  animal  husbandry  from  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural 
College.  DEAN  CARLYLE'S  portrait  was  presented  to  the  club 
while  he  was  executive  at  the  Colorado  Agricultural  College. 
It  was  subscribed  to  by  several  hundred  students  in  the  college 
and  friends  throughout  the  state. 


98  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  FIRST  CHIEF  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY 

33.  An  act  of  congress  in  1884  established  the  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry  with  DR.  DANIEL  ELMER  SALMON  as  chief.  DR. 
SALMON'S  attention  was  first  directed  to  the  protection  of  the 
American  livestock  industry  from  the  plagues  which  occasionally 
enter  from  outside  the  borders  of  the  country,  as  well  as  to  the 
extermination  of  those  diseases  that  had  already  gained  a  foot- 
hold. He  established  a  system  of  policing  to  prevent  the 
entrance  of  the  two  most  destructive  diseases  found  in  foreign 
countries,  the  foot  and  mouth  disease  and  rinderpest.  So  suc- 
cessful has  been  this  precaution,  that  rinderpest  has  never  gained 
an  entrance  and  foot  and  mouth  disease  appeared  only  thrice. 

DR.  SALMON  was  born  at  Mount  Olive,  Morris  Co.,  New  Jer- 
sey, July  23,  1850.  His  early  life  was  passed  partly  on  a  farm 
and  partly  as  a  clerk  in  a  country  store.  His  pre-collegiate 
training  was  received  at  the  Mount  Olive  district  school  at 
Chester  Institute,  and  at  the  East  Business  College.  He  entered 
Cornell  University  as  a  member  of  its  first  freshman  class,  and 
almost  immediately  came  under  the  stimulating  influence  of 
PROF.  JAMES  LAW  (122).  Circumstances  developed  which  per- 
mitted him  to  attend  the  Alfort  Veterinary  School  near  Paris 
during  the  last  six  months  of  his  course,  when  he  came  under  the 
influence  of  the  great  PASTEUR.  He  was  given  credit  for  this 
work  at  Cornell,  and  in  1876  received  the  degree  of  Veterinary 
Surgeon.  He  immediately  entered  upon  practice  in  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  and  was  so  successful  and  original  in  his  methods,  that 
in  1876  his  Alma  Mater  granted  him  the  advanced  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Veterinary  Medicine.  In  1877  he  was  invited  to 
deliver  a  course  of  lectures  on  Veterinary  Science  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Georgia,  but  continued  his  practice  until  his  appoint- 
ment as  first  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 

In  1879  he  was  appointed  inspector  of  the  state  of  New  York 
to  serve  on  the  staff  of  DR.  LAW  in  an  effort  to  stamp  out  con- 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  99 

tagious  pleuro-pneumonia  of  cattle.  Later  he  accepted  a  posi- 
tion under  COMMISSIONER  LEDuc,  of  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  to  investigate  animal  diseases  in  the  South- 
ern States.  In  1883,  he  was  recalled  to  Washington  to  establish 
a  veterinary  division  in  the  Department.  About  this  time,  con- 
tagious pleuro-pneumonia  became  a  serious  menace,  and  he 
recognized  the  necessity  of  central  authority  and  organization 
to  protect  our  cattle.  He  conceived  the  plan  of  a  Federal  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry  and  through  his  efforts  it  was  established 
in  1884.  As  Chief  of  that  Bureau  his  work  was  two-fold; 
research  and  the  enforcement  of  regulatory  laws.  It  was  with 
feelings  of  deep  regret  that  he  was  gradually  forced  from 
researches  on  animal  diseases  into  the  turmoils  of  administra- 
tive life.  However,  it  was  for  him  to  recognize  the  greater  prob- 
lems in  the  sanitary  control  of  food-producing  animals  and  to 
initiate  the  means  for  their  solution. 

During  the  twenty-one  years  he  occupied  this  position,  DR. 
SALMON  accomplished  notable  results  in  ridding  the  country  of 
livestock  plagues.  Under  his  administration  the  Bureau  grew 
from  an  original  staff  of  a  chief,  one  clerk,  and  a  force  of  twenty 
persons,  to  a  department  having  approximately  five  thousand 
employees.  Its  activities  were  developed  in  all  phases  of  live- 
stock production  and  the  related  industries,  and  nineteen  divi- 
sions and  offices  were  established,  the  ramifications  of  whose 
work  extend  into  nearly  every  state  of  the  Union  and  into  foreign 
countries. 

Among  the  benefits  to  the  livestock  interests  which  the  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry  gave  to  our  people  during  his  administra- 
tion should  be  mentioned  the  eradication  from  America  of  con- 
tagious pleuro-pneumonia  of  cattle;  the  federal  inspection  of 
exported  animals  and  the  ships  to  carry  them;  improvement  in 
the  quarantine  regulations  against  imported,  animals;  the  dis- 
covery of  the  cause  of  Texas  fever  and  methods  for  the  control 


100  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

of  that  disease;  the  establishment  of  the  federal  meat  inspection 
service;  and  many  important  investigations  into  the  nature  of 
several  serious  infectious  maladies  of  animals. 

As  Chief  of  the  Bureau,  DR.  SALMON  stood  firm  against  polit- 
ical interference  with  research  and  other  scientific  work.  He 
was  equally  careful  to  protect  the  breeders  and  those  engaged 
in  animal  traffic.  To  him,  more  than  to  any  other,  we  are 
indebted  for  an  efficient  organization  to  combat  animal  plagues 
and  a  meat  inspection  service  which  has  protected  our  commerce 
in  animal  products  and  safeguarded  the  people  against  the  dis- 
eases communicable  to  them  through  dumb  creation.  In  these 
protections  our  country  is  not  excelled. 

In  1906  DR.  SALMON  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  veterinary 
department  of  the  University  of  Montevideo  in  Uraguay  at  a 
salary  far  in  excess  of  that  offered  by  our  own  Government.  For 
five  years  he  remained  in  this  country,  but  due  to  climatic  diffi- 
culties he  returned  to  the  United  States,  giving  his  attention 
during  the  closing  months  of  his  life  to  the  preparation  of  hog 
cholera  virus.  He  failed  rapidly,  however,  and  died  at  Butte, 
Mont.,  August  30,  1914. 

DR.  SALMON  was  an  Honorary  Associate  of  the  Royal  College 
of  Veterinary  Surgeons  of  Great  Britain;  a  Fellow  of  the  Ameri- 
can Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science;  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  animal  diseases  and  animal  food  of  the  Ameri- 
can Public  Health  Association,  president  and  member  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  American  Veterinary  Association,  and 
an  active  worker  in  the  Washington  Academy  of  Science. 

DR.  SALMON  was  a  prominent  writer  on  veterinary  subjects, 
especially  those  pertaining  to  the  infectious  diseases.  Many  of 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  101 

his  publications  have  appeared  in  other  languages.  He  was  a 
clear  and  convincing  speaker,  and  was  a  member  of  many  scien- 
tific societies.  With  all  his  greatness  he  was  a  modest  and  kindly 
man,  retiring  in  nature,  of  studious  habits,  just  in  his  delibera- 
tions but  firm  when  his  decision  was  reached.  His  constructive 
vision  and  untiring  zeal  make  him  one  of  the  most  prominent 
figures  in  the  professions  allied  to  livestock  production. 


102  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  PREVENTER  OF  PESTILENCE 

34.  Upon  the  resignation  of  DR.  SALMON  (33),  as  Chief  of  the 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  in  1905,  DR.  ALONZO  D.  MELVIN  was 
appointed  chief,  a  position  he  retained  until  his  death,  Decem- 
ber 7,  1917.  DR.  MELVIN  was  born  at  Sterling,  111.,  October 
28,  1862,  an4  was  educated  in  the  grammar  school  and  business 
college  of  that  city.  He  then  spent  four  years  in  practical 
experience  on  a  good  livestock  farm,  and  in  1883  entered  the 
Chicago  Veterinary  College.  After  three  years  of  study  he 
received  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Veterinary  Surgery,  and  imme- 
diately entered  the  service  of  the  newly  organized  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry.  In  1887  he  was  transferred  to  Baltimore  and 
three  years  later  was  sent  to  Liverpool  to  inspect  animals  and 
vessels  from  the  United  States.  In  1892  he  was  recalled,  and 
placed  in  charge  of  meat  inspection  in  Packingtown,  Chicago. 
Here  he  remained  for  four  years,  building  up  and  extending 
the  system  of  safeguarding  human  food  products.  In  1899  he 
was  made  Assistant  Chief  of  Animal  Industry,  and  succeeded  to 
the  head  of  it  on  DR.  SALMON'S  resignation  in  1905.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Advisory  Board  to  the  Hygienic  Laboratory  of 
the  United  States  Public  Health  and  Marine  Hospital  Service, 
was  president  of  the  American  Veterinary  Medical  Association, 
1909  to  1910,  and  was  honorary  associate  of  the  Royal  College 
of  Veterinary  Surgeons. 

Under  DR.  MELVIN  some  of  the  most  important  campaigns  of 
the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  were  executed.  In  1906  the 
first  appropriations  for  the  quarantine  eradication  of  the  Texas 
fever  tick  were  granted,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  six  of 
the  fifteen  states,  originally  quarantined,  were  pronounced  free 
of  the  tick,  while  several  of  the  others  had  only  a  few  counties 
remaining  to  clean  up.  Originally  the  territory  attacked  included 
730,000  square  miles,  and  considerably  over  half  of  it  had  been 
made  tick  free  in  1917.  Under  his  guidance,  the  nation  wide 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  103 

attacks  on  hog  cholera  and  tuberculosis  were  begun,  and  it  was 
due  to  his  support  that  the  system  of  herds  accredited  free  of 
tuberculosis  was  adopted.  He  was  active  in  promoting  the  dip- 
ping system  all  over  the  range  country  for  the  reduction  of 
scabies  and  manges  in  cattle  and  sheep,  and  while  he  was  in 
charge  of  the  Bureau,  measures  for  the  restriction  of  dourine 
and  contagious  abortion  were  instituted.  In  1914  he  demanded 
and  secured  the  enforcement  of  the  rigid  quarantine  that  ulti- 
mately permitted  the  reduction  of  foot  and  mouth  disease. 

To  him  fell  the  laborious  task  and  the  responsibility  of  devel- 
oping the  enterprises  that  had  already  been  initiated.  In  the 
twenty-one  years  during  which  the  Bureau  had  operated  it  had 
undertaken  a  multiplicity  of  services  for  the  benefit  of  the 
breeders,  packers  and  consumers.  To  carry  such  beginnings  to 
a  successful  conclusion  is  often  more  trying  than  to  inaugurate 
them.  With  a  keen  sense  of  justice  and  a  long  suffering  patience, 
DR.  MELVIN  advanced  the  work  in  hand  and  met  the  ever-chang- 
ing conditions  due  to  new  knowledge.  Broad  and  comprehen- 
sive as  were  the  purposes  of  the  Bureau,  they  had  to  be  modified 
and  extended,  as  well  as  to  be  correlated  with  the  work  of  indi- 
vidual states  and  institutions.  Like  his  predecessor,  DR.  SALMON, 
he  stood  firm  against  the  intrusion  of  political  interference  with 
scientific  work,  and  bravely  met  the  misguided  efforts  of  live- 
stock owners  who  from  time  to  time  came  to  believe  that  science 
and  natural  laws  could  be  disregarded  in  the  control  of  animal 
plagues.  His  ability  as  an  administrator,  his  sterling  qualities 
as  a  man,  his  nobility  of  character,  his  gentle  and  sympathetic 
nature  and  his  loyalty  to  the  purposes  of  the  Bureau  endeared 
him  to  all.  He  died  suddenly  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  December 
7,  1917. 

His  twelve  years  in  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  were  indeed 
years  of  big  undertakings,  and  his  constructive  recognition  of 
the  nation's  problems  contributed  largely  to  the  present  rela- 
tively healthy  status  of  American  livestock. 


104  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  GUARDIAN  OF  ANIMAL  HEALTH 

35.  The  present  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  is 
DR.  JOHN  ROBBINS  MOHLER.  DR.  MOHLER  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, May  9,  1875,  graduating  from  the  Central  High  school 
in  1892.  The  following  year  he  attended  Temple  University 
and  in  1896  received  his  V.  M.  D.  from  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania. For  one  year  following  his  graduation  he  was  in 
veterinary  practice,  but  from  1897  to  1899  he  found  a  larger 
service  in  the  medical  department  of  the  Marquette  University 
and  as  an  assistant  inspector  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 
His  progress  in  the  Bureau  was  rapid,  and  in  1899  he  was  made 
assistant  pathologist;  in  1901  zoologist;  and  in  1902,  chief  of 
the  Pathological  Division.  After  twelve  years  in  this  depart- 
ment, he  was  made  assistant  chief  of  the  Bureau,  and  on  the 
death  of  DR.  MELVIN,  he  succeeded  him  as  chief.  DR.  MOHLER 
has  held  numerous  positions  of  national  and  international 
importance.  In  1908  he  was  secretary  of  the  Veterinary  section 
of  the  International  Tuberculosis  Congress;  in  1909  and  1910 
he  was  vice  president  of  the  United  States  Livestock  Sanitary 
Association,  and  in  1912  and  1913  president  of  the  Veterinary 
Medical  Association.  The  following  year  he  was  vice  president 
of  the  International  Veterinary  Congress,  and  from  1914  to  1917 
was  president  of  the  Veterinary  Examining  Board  in  the  District 
of  Columbia. 

DR.  MOHLER  has  been  an  active  contributor  to  the  programs 
of  the  Society  of  American  Bacteriologists  and  the  Society  of 
Experimental  Biology  and  Medicine.  He  is  a  voluminous  pub- 
lisher in  the  fields  of  pathology,  bacteriology  and  meat  inspec- 
tion, and  has  contributed  largely  to  Government  publications, 
medical  journals,  and  encyclopedias.  DR.  MOHLER  has  been  an 
active  translator,  bringing  out  Ostertag's  Hand  Book  of  Meat 
Inspection  in  1904,  Edelmann's  Meat  Hygiene  in  1908,  Hutyra 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  105 

and  Marck's  Special  Pathology  and  Therapeutics  of  Domestic 
Animals  in  1911,  and  Ernst's  Milk  Hygiene  in  1914. 

DR.  MOHLER  is  prosecuting  successfully  most  of  the  economic 
undertakings  instituted  by  DR.  MELVIN.  He  is  doing  much 
toward  building  up  a  scientific  and  research  spirit  among  his' 
personnel,  and  is  at  present  fighting  for  stronger  individual  sup- 
port and  larger  salaries  for  the  men  who  are  responsible  for  the 
health  and  sanitation  of  the  nation's  ten  billion  dollar  livestock 
industry.  Like  his  predecessors,  he  is  spending  his  life  in  the 
promotion  and  protection  of  the  livestock  interests  of  America. 


106  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

WIELDER  OF  THE  GOLDEN  PEN 

36.  The  pioneer  publicity  man  of  the  early  Internationals  was 
JOSEPH  EDWARD  GUINANE  RYAN,  native  born  Irishman  and  genial 
interpreter  of  those  spirits  who  labored  so  strenuously  on  the 
foundations  of  the  Exposition.  He  was  born  in  County  Clare 
in  July,  1869,  was  educated  in  Dublin  and  graduated  from  Trin- 
ity College.  As  a  student  he  was  a  renowned  athlete,  and  won. 
a  long  string  of  medals  for  excellence  in  track,  tennis  and  golf 
events. 

In  1889  he  came  to  America,  being  first  employed  at  the  Stock- 
yards, but  after  a  few  months  he  became  associated  with  the 
Schufeldt  Distillery  Co.  His  entrance  into  journalism  occurred 
in  1898  when  he  began  writing  as  a  free  lance  on  golf  subjects. 
He  was  the  author  of  the  Golfer's  Green  Book.  Two  years  later 
he  was  appointed  to  the  staff  of  the  Chicago  Inter-Ocean,  as  auto- 
mobile editor,  and  manager  of  automobile  advertising. 

While  holding  the  latter  position  he  became  interested  in  the 
publicity  promotion  of  numerous  enterprises,  among  them  the 
International  Livestock  Exposition,  and  became  its  press  rep- 
resentative. This  position  he  held  until  the  time  of  his  death. 
The  interest  in  livestock  he  developed  here  and  the  acquaintance- 
ships he  formed  made  it  possible  for  him  to  handle  the  contract 
for  the  publicity  for  the  New  York  Horse  Show  and  the  Chicago 
Automobile  Show.  His  death  occurred  January  1,  1912. 

Among  visitors  to  the  early  Internationals,  MR.  RYAN  was  a 
familiar  figure,  never  tiring  in  displaying  the  points  of  interest 
and  delivering  himself  of  good  natured  Irish  comments. 
Although  an  unremittingly  busy  man  he  always  found  time  to 
pass  a  word  of  good  cheer  or  a  bit  of  real  Hibernian  wit  to 
friend  or  stranger  alike.  To  him  more  than  to  anyone  is  due 
the  interest  developed  by  the  natives  of  Chicago  and  other  city 
dwellers  in  the  livestock  show. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  107 

THE  DAVID  HARUM  OF  DEXTER  PARK 

37.  The  veritable  dean  in  length  of  service  among  the  habitues 
of  the  stockyard  district  and  the  Chicago  horse  market,  is  SAMUEL 
COZZENS.  Born  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  in  1848,  he  came  to  Chicago 
at  the  age  of  eighteen.  His  first  work  was  at  the  Yards  where 
he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Dexter  Park  horse  market  for  the 
Stockyard  Company.  As  the  volume  of  business  increased,  he  was 
appointed  superintendent  of  this  branch  of  the  market  and  was 
placed  in  charge  of  the  stables.  From  the  very  beginning  MR. 
COZZENS  was  recognized  by  MR.  SHERMAN  (66),  as  a  man  of 
latent  possibilities,  and  he  turned  a  number  of  business  and 
investment  opportunities  in  his  direction  that  served  MR.  COZ- 
ZENS well  from  a  financial  standpoint.  This  so  broadened  his 
acquaintance  among  the  men  of  the  livestock  industry  of  Chi- 
cago, that  when  he  went  into  the  coach  and  saddle  horse  business 
for  himself  in  1898,  he  was  successful  from  the  start. 

MR.  COZZENS  has  been  a  director  of  the  Livestock  Exchange 
Bank  for  thirty-five  years,  having  been  identified  with  it  when 
it  was  opened  as  the  Union  Stockyard  Bank.  Upon  its  reorgani- 
zation as  the  Livestock  Bank  he  retained  his  position,  and  for  a 
period  of  ten  years  he  has  been  a  director  of  the  Stock  Yards  Sav- 
ings Bank.  MR.  COZZENS  has  done  an  enormous  business  in  the 
lighter  types  of  horses,  but  with  the  changing  market  demands 
he  has  extended  his  operations  to  animals  of  the  draft  type.  His 
business  has  been  phenomenally  successful,  and  at  one  time  he 
handled  more  horses  than  any  other  man  in  the  Yards. 

In  return  for  the  interest  and  kindliness  which  MR.  SHERMAN 
showed  him  as  a  young  man,  MR.  COZZENS  has  been  one  of  the 


108  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

most  liberal  and  sympathetic  men  in  the  aiding  of  other  young 
men  to  get  a  start.  He  has  taken  longer  chances  with  men  in 
more  serious  straits  than  almost  any  other  benefactor  of  youth. 
Among  the  well  known  firms  that  received  their  impetus  from 
MR.  COZZENS  is  that  of  ELLSWORTH  &  McNAiR.  These  men  came 
to  the  horse  market  without  capital  but  their  character  and 
upright  methods  were  early  recognized  by  MR.  COZZENS  and  he 
backed  them  without  limit.  Today  this  firm  counts  its  capital 
in  millions  and  has  the  largest  equine  sale  business  in  America. 
MR.  COZZENS'  gratefulness  to  MR.  SHERMAN  has  made  him  feel 
in  duty  bound  to  pass  on  kindness  to  everyone  he  can  find,  and 
his  generosity  has  been  a  big  factor  in  many  business  lives. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  109 

A  PATRIARCH  OF  THE  CATTLE  MART 

38.  One  of  the  real  veterans  of  the  livestock  commission  busi- 
ness is  MONSON  PARKER  BUEL  of  the  EVANS-SNIDER-BUEL  Co., 
of  Chicago.  MR.  BUEL  was  born  at  Croton,  Licking  Co.,  Ohio, 
October  14,  1845.  He  was  educated  in  public  schools  and 
attended  Granville  College,  Granville,  Ohio,  for  one  term.  MR. 
BUEL  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm  and  for  four  years  was  a 
clerk  in  a  general  merchandise  store  at  Croton.  In  1865  he 
went  west  to  California  and  Nevada  where  he  was  cashier  in 
the  National  Bank  at  Austin,  Nevada,  for  two  and  a  half  years. 
The  confinement  proved  too  much  for  him  and  his  health  was 
seriously  affected.  He  therefore  severed  his  connection  with  the 
bank  and  removed  to  Chillicothe,  Missouri,  where  he  engaged 
in  the  buying  and  handling  of  livestock. 

On  May  1,  1876,  he  became  a  member  of  the  livestock  com- 
mission firm  of  HUNTER,  EVANS  &  Co.  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and 
nine  years  later  removed  to  Chicago  to  continue  the  commis- 
sion game  under  the  same  firm  name.  Two  years  later  the 
business  was  incorporated  as  the  EvANS-SNiDER-BuEL  Co.,  and 
he  was  elected  vice  president  of  the  corporation.  In  1894  he 
was  made  president,  and  has  retained  that  position  ever 
since,  a  period  of  over  a  quarter  century.  Under  his  experi- 
enced direction,  the  firm  has  grown  rapidly  and  now  has  offices 
in  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City,  Fort  Worth  and  Oklahoma 
City.  During  his  years  in  Chicago  he  has  become  identified 
with  a  number  of  firms  throughout  the  southwest,  engaging  in 
buying  and  feeding  cattle.  Most  of  the  stock  handled  has  been 
secured  in  Texas,  being  fed  in  transit  in  feed  lots  throughout 


110  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Oklahoma  and  Missouri.  In  1886  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Chicago  Livestock  Exchange  and  for  a  number  of  years  was 
Director  and  vice  president.  In  1905  and  1906  he  served  two 
terms  as  president  of  this  organization. 

MR.  BUEL  is  a  former  president  of  the  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN 
CLUB  and  has  been  an  important  figure  in  the  development  of 
its  resident  membership.  His  years  of  experience  in  the  handling 
of  livestock  have  given  him  an  almost  unmatched  acquaintance 
among  the  buyers  and  feeders  of  midwestern  and  western  United 
States. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  111 

FULFILLER  OF  SHOWYARD  DREAMS 

39.  The  court  of  ultimate  resort  in  the  affairs  of  animal  indus- 
try has,  since  the  first  of  the  present  century,  been  located  in 
the  International  Livestock  Exposition  held  at  Chicago  each 
year.  The  burden  of  developing  this  institution  was  laid  on 
the  shoulders  of  MR.  WILLIAM  E.  SKINNER,  in  the  spring  of  1898. 
In  company  with  MESSRS.  ROBERT  B.  OGILVIE  (6),  MORTIMER 
LEVERING  (40),  and  G.  HOWARD  DAVISON  (8),  at  one  of  the 
Toronto  Livestock  Expositions,  the  idea  of  the  International 
was  generated,  and  on  MR.  SKINNER  was  conferred  the  title  of 
General  Manager  of  the  exposition,  a  title  that  became  obsolete 
with  his  departure  as  a  compliment  to  the  wealth  of  his  service. 

MR.  SKINNER  is  a  native  Canadian,  his  birthplace  being  Water- 
town,  Ontario,  on  June  24,  1864.  His  father  was  a  physician, 
but  various  circumstances  prevented  his  receiving  the  customary 
public  school  education,  and  at  twenty  years  of  age,  he  crossed 
the  border  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  a  fact  accom- 
plished in  1886.  His  first  work  was  with  the  Erie  &  Western 
Railway,  afterward  a  part  of  the  Erie  System.  In  1884  he  came 
to  the  Union  Stock  Yards  in  Chicago,  and  entered  into  duty 
with  the  Stock  Yard  Company,  the  beginning  of  an  experience 
with  the  livestock  market  that  has  occupied  the  major  years  of 
his  life.  After  three  months  in  Chicago  he  transferred  his  alle- 
giance to  the  Street  Stable  Car  Line,  and  personally  conducted 
the  first  stable  car  across  the  Missouri  river  to  Cheyenne. 
During  his  three  years  with  this  company  his  headquarters  were 
at  Cheyenne,  and  he  lived  an  integral  part  of  the  boom  days  of 
the  cattle  country.  In  1887  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Omaha 
Stock  Yards  Co.  and  so  intimate  did  he  grow  into  the  market 
interests  of  the  early  cattle  barons,  that  today  he  is  known  by 
his  first  name  and  wholesomely  loved  wherever  cattle  graze 
between  Omaha  and  Cheyenne.  The  year  prior  to  the  Colum- 
bian Exposition  he  was  sent  to  Fort  Worth  to  help  organize  the 


112  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

old  Fort  Worth  Stock  Yards  Co.  and  to  build  the  livestock 
market.  This  duty  accomplished,  he  was  called  to  Chicago  in 
the  spring  of  1898  by  those  who  had  seen  the  vision  of  the  Inter- 
national Livestock  Exposition.  It  was  planned  originally  to 
hold  the  first  show  in  1899,  but  due  to  the  extensive  nature  of 
the  preparations  it  was  deemed  impossible,  and  the  opening  year 
was  set  for  1900.  At  the  Toronto  Show  of  1899,  MR.  SKINNER 
personally  pledged  not  only  to  equal,  but  actually  to  distance 
the  old  Lake  Front  Show  in  establishing  the  new  International 
Exposition.  His  enthusiasm  and  acumen  won  the  support  of 
the  HON.  JOHN  DRYDEN  (14)  and  the  Canadian  breeders  and 
exhibitors.  From  that  date  forward  the  international  character 
of  the  show  was  assured. 

After  the  1906  show,  MR.  SKINNER  resigned  as  General  Man- 
ager of  the  Exposition  to  go  to  Denver  as  assistant  to  EDWARD 
TILDEN  (63),  president  of  the  Denver  Stock  Yards  Co.  During 
this  period  he  was  president  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  for 
Colorado,  but  in  1911,  on  the  request  of  his  old  International 
associates,  he  returned  to  Chicago  to  become  General  Manager 
of  the  National  Dairy  Show.  Following  the  first  successful 
Dairy  Show  of  1912  MR.  SKINNER  organized  the  National  Dairy 
Council  with  DR.  H.  B.  FAVILL  (17)  as  President  and  himself 
as  Secretary.  The  National  Dairy  Council  has  become  the  guid- 
ing spirit  in  the  promotion  of  the  dairy  industry,  and  all  of 
the  allied  dairy  interests  have  become  members  except  the  con- 
densed milk  manufacturers  and  the  refrigerator  transportation 
lines.  Under  the  guidance  of  the  national  council  most  of  the 
dairy  states  have  organized  or  are  at  present  organizing  state 
dairy  councils.  Manufacturers  and  breeders  whose  businesses 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  113 

are  sufficiently  large  to  be  interstate  in  scope,  are  members  of 
the  National  Council,  while  those  whose  operations  are  more 
limited  geographically,  are  members  of  the  state  bodies.  As  a 
result  a  strong  and  constructive  force  has  been  introduced  into 
an  industry  whose  need  was  more  than  apparent,  and  MR.  SKIN- 
NER is  credited  with  the  accomplishment  of  the  first  of  what  may 
become  a  series  of  special  industry  organizations  in  American 
agriculture. 


114  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  PROMOTER  OF  BREED  ORGANIZATION 

40.  MORTIMER  LEVERING  brought  to  agricultural  industry  as 
broad  a  range  of  tastes,  as  great  a  degree  of  varied  skill,  and 
as  high  a  perfection  of  subject  mastery  as  modern  America 
has  known.  Born  of  a  sturdy  stock  of  Quaker  origin  he  com- 
bined with  its  simplicity  of  style  the  chivalrous  viewpoint  of 
cavaliers,  and  the  artistic  and  literary  perceptions  of  the  Latin. 
Although  his  native  home  was  Philadelphia,  he  early  moved  to 
Lafayette,  Ind.,  and  there  became  established  as  private  banker 
and  manager  of  farm  property.  At  one  time  he  had  over  twenty 
farms  under  his  direction,  but  found  time  so  to  devote  himself 
to  his  banking  affairs,  that  it  was  his  boast  that  he  had  never 
been  forced  to  foreclose  on  a  security.  At  his  country  home, 
Richmond  Hill,  with  its  sloping  pastures  bordering  the  Wabash, 
he  for  years  maintained  Jerseys,  Shropshires,  Shetlands  and 
standard-bred  poultry.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
American  Shropshire  Registry  Association,  early  in  1881,  and 
was  its  secretary  until  the  day  of  his  death.  Under  his  regime 
it  developed  a  larger  membership  than  any  sheep  society  in  the 
world.  He  was  also  the  secretary  of  the  National  Wool  Grow- 
ers' Association  for  many  years,  and  its  eastern  vice  president 
thereafter.  He  took  charge  of  the  American  Shetland  Pony 
Club  records  in  its  feeble  childhood,  and  as  its  secretary, 
builded  it  a  perpetuating  structure.  The  American  Saddle  Horse 
Breeders'  Association  made  him  a  director  and  listened  long  to 
his  seasoned  counsel.  He  was  a  founder  of  the  International 
and  the  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB,  being  secretary  of  the  latter 
in  its  days  of  organization  and  early  equipment. 

MR.  LEVERING  was  an  enthusiastic  sportsman  and  a  seasoned 
judge  of  livestock.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Chicago  Horse  Show 
Association  which  not  only  revived  the  brilliancies  of  the  old 
Lake  Front  Show,  but  actually  outdazzled  them  at  the  Coliseum. 
At  Kansas  City  when  challenged  by  WILLIAM  R.  NELSON  as  to 


OF  THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  115 

his  qualifications  to  adjudge  an  obstacle-driving  class  for  coach- 
man, he  displaced  one  driver  from  his  box  and  performed  so 
much  more  brilliantly  than  any  contestant  that  his  critic  was 
subdued.  He  was  a  lover  and  appreciative  critic  of  art,  music 
and  literature,  and  a  notable  gentleman  athlete.  He  trained  his 
son  in  his  private  gymnasium  in  the  foundations  that  made  him 
a  brilliant  star  at  Yale.  It  is  related  that  he  disarmed  a  French 
fencing  master  in  a  bout  with  the  foils  at  Lafayette. 

In  his  later  years,  MR.  LEVERING  undertook  additional  respon- 
sibilities. He  became  president  of  the  Columbia  National  Bank 
at  Indianapolis,  Manager  of  the  HOXIE  Estate  and  MALLORY 
COMMISSION  Co.  of  Chicago,  and  director  and  advisor  of  the 
Indian  Refining  Co.,  of  which  his  son  was  president.  His  death 
occurred  December  1,  1909,  at  sixty  and  one-half  years  of  age. 
He  was  the  personal  friend  of  every  employee,  an  unostenta- 
tious philanthropist,  and  a  sympathetic  friend.  His  early  death 
left  a  serious  gap  in  all  of  his  social  and  business  connections. 


116  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  CREATOR  OF  CART  HORSE  CHARACTER 

41.  JONATHAN  HALL  TRUMAN  possesses  the  singular  honor  of 
being  an  English  citizen  who  has  contributed  in  the  broadest 
and  most  constructive  way  to  the  upbuilding  of  improved  Ameri- 
can agriculture.  MR.  TRUMAN  was  born  in  Whittlesea,  Cam- 
bridgeshire, England,  November  26,  1842.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Oundle  Grammar  School  where  he  gained  the  highest 
honors,  and  upon  graduation,  he  took  over  the  cattle  and  sheep 
business  of  his  father,  GEORGE  TRUMAN. 

MR.  TRUMAN  was  invited  to  purchase  the  first  shipment  of  live 
fat  cattle  shipped  from  the  United  States  to  London.  Being  of 
adventurous  nature,  and  noting  their  superiority  he  purchased 
forty  head  and  shipped  them  inland  to  the  market  town  of 
Peterborough.  These  cattle  were  a  great  attraction,  but  caused 
considerable  trouble  among  the  butchers  and  feeders  who  were 
his  customers.  The  butchers,  indeed,  refused  to  buy  them  at 
any  price  and  with  John  Bull  conservatism,  advised  him  not 
to  bring  any  more  Yankee  cattle  to  their  market.  Unable  to 
sell  them  he  took  them  home  to  his  farm,  and  retailed  them 
individually  to  small  country  butchers,  being  firmly  determined 
to  gain  his  point  and  to  establish  a  market  for  the  American 
export  trade.  He  invited  two  of  the  largest  butchers  in  Peter- 
borough to  look  at  some  fat  sheep  he  had  on  the  farm,  and  pur- 
chased a  chine  roast  of  grade  Angus  beef  from  one  of  them 
for  the  dinner  he  intended  to  serve  them  when  they  inspected 
his  muttons.  For  the  same  dinner  he  also  had  a  chine  from 
one  of  tRe  Yankee  bullocks.  Placing  both  joints  on  the  table, 
he  asked  his  guests  to  try  a  piece  of  the  American  beef.  Both 
refused,  so  were  supposedly  served  with  the  grade  Angus.  After 
acclaiming  the  farmer  who  fed  the  grade  Angus  as  the  best 
feeder  in  the  country,  their  surprise  was  overwhelming  when 


J.  H.  TRUMAN 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  117 

he  told  them  they  had  partaken  of  the  American  beef.  Thence- 
forward, he  had  no  difficulty  in  disposing  of  American  cattle, 
and  became  one  of  the  leading  factors  in  the  British  end  of  the 
export  cattle  trade. 

In  1877  the  French  firm  of  T.  M.  DUCHE  &  SONS,  commis- 
sioned him  to  proceed  to  Chicago  and  buy  them  a  cargo  of 
American  cattle  as  an  experiment.  So  successful  was  this  pro- 
cedure that  the  early  part  of  1878  found  him  again  at  the 
Union  Stock  Yards,  buying  and  shipping  fat  cattle  and  sheep 
to  Britain.  For  several  years  he  spent  about  nine  months  out 
of  each  twelve  at  the  Chicago  market  and  during  this  period 
he  studied  carefully  the  horse  breeding  interests  of  the  Missis- 
sippi valley.  He  saw  a  notable  opportunity  to  introduce  a  few 
Shire  horses,  himself  being  a  breeder  of  the  Cart  horse  in  Eng- 
land. So  successful  was  his  first  importation  that  he  quit  com- 
pletely the  cattle  export  trade  and  devoted  his  entire  time  to 
the  introduction  and  promotion  of  the  Shire  horse.  As  a  base 
for  his  operations  he  founded  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm  at 
Bushnell,  111.,  and  became  its  president.  Never  having  given 
up  his  residence  in  England,  he  returned  to  his  home  after  the 
firm  establishment  of  his  American  business,  leaving  its  opera- 
tion in  the  hands  of  his  sons,  J.  G.,  W.  E.,  and  H.  W.  TRUMAN. 
Thenceforward  he  handled  the  English  end  of  his  export  trade, 
and  purchased  and  shipped  to  America  numbers  of  high  class 
winners  in  the  International  Shire  and  Hackney  Rings.  In  addi- 
tion he  has  exported  many  noteworthy  Shires,  Suffolks  and 
Hackneys  to  the  Argentine. 

In  appreciation  of  his  work  in  the  cattle  trade,  JOHN  B.  SHER- 
MAN   (66)    named  one  of  the  Union  Stock  Yards  fat  bullocks 


118  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

/.  H.  TRUMAN,  in  recognition  of  MR.  TRUMAN'S  services  as  the 
first  English  resident  buyer  of  export  cattle  at  the  Union  Stock 
Yards.  MR.  SHERMAN  also  invited  him  to  exhibit  an  importa- 
tion of  Shire  horses  at  the  livestock  show  held  in  the  old  Lake 
Front  exposition  building  in  1882.  In  his  later  years,  MR. 
TRUMAN  is  hale  and  hearty,  and  takes  a  personal  active  interest 
in  the  feeding  and  grazing  of  cattle  and  the  breeding  of  high 
class  horses  on  his  British  acres. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  119 

A  HORSEMAN  WHO  RODE  IN  FLANDERS  FIELDS 

42.  One  of  the  pioneer  supporters  of  purebred  livestock  in 
Indiana  and  perhaps  her  most  important  promoter  of  draft 
horses,  is  JAMES  CROUCH  of  Lafayette,  Indiana.  MR.  CROUCH 
is  of  English  birth,  and  came  to  this  country  with  his  parents 
in  childhood.  They  early  settled  in  the  state  of  Indiana  and 
MR.  CROUCH  became  identified  with  the  group  of  breeders  of 
purebred  livestock  that  centered  around  the  little  town  of  Lafay- 
ette. In  1888  he  made  his  first  importation  of  Belgian  horses, 
but  his  sales  were  small  for  several  years.  The  stallions  were 
mated  to  the  rather  gangling  first  cross  Percheron  mares  that 
occurred  so  frequently  in  his  vicinity,  with  very  excellent  effect 
on  the  conformation  and  draftiness  of  the  resulting  colts.  The 
efforts  of  the  Belgian  government  about  this  time  to  subsidize 
draft  breeding  and  to  build  up  their  native  stock,  forced  MR. 
CROUCH  to  pay  higher  prices  than  the  demand  for  the  breed  in 
America  had  hitherto  warranted.  This  seriously  hampered  his 
work  for  a  number  of  years,  but  he  never  faltered  in  his  sup- 
port of  the  breed  of  his  choice.  In  the  showyards  of  the  90's 
his  exhibits  made  considerable  headway  in  winning  popularity 
for  this  type  of  horse.  When  his  son  GEORGE  became  a  partner 
in  the  business,  Percherons  and  German  Coachers  were  added, 
and  later  other  stock,  but  the  elder  MR.  CROUCH  has  always 
maintained  his  loyalty  to  the  breed  he  originally  chose. 

Practically  all  the  Belgian  championships  of  the  International 
in  the  early  years  were  won  by  this  firm  and  such  animals  as 
Richelieu  and  Mon  Gros  have  wielded  a  broad  and  substantial 
influence  in  breed  betterment.  In  1912,  1913  and  1916  he 
showed  a  six  horse  team  in  which  Belgians  shared  the  honors 
with  Percherons,  and  first  prize  on  this  hitch  was  received  in 
1912  and  1916.  About  1912  he  and  his  son  extended  their 
interests  to  Herefords  and  their  herd  has  been  prominent  at  the 
Ohio  Valley  shows  and  the  International.  Many  of  the  best 


120  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

of  the  animals  came  from  the  famous  VAN  NATTA  herd  which 
was  purchased  in  its  entirety  on  the  retirement  of  MR.  FRANK 
VAN  NATTA. 

MR.  CROUCH  is  a  pioneer  of  precious  pattern.  He  has  main- 
tained an  interest  throughout  his  entire  career  in  the  promotion 
of  agricultural  knowledge,  and  has  on  many  occasions  coop- 
erated with  Purdue  University  in  breeding  demonstration  and 
experimental  ventures.  His  efforts  have  done  much  to  popular- 
ize draft  horse  breeding  and  his  exhibits  at  the  International  and 
other  large  fairs  have  builded  him  a  lasting  reputation. 


J.  CROUCH 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  121 

OVERLORD  OF  OAKLAWN 

43.  The  breaking  of  the  boundless  acres  of  the  virgin  prairies 
of  the  midwest,  the  hauling  to  market  of  its  fertile  rewards  and 
the  crowding  traffic  of  the  youthful  cities  of  nineteenth  century 
America  developed  a  need  for  draft  forces  that  eastern  agricul- 
turists and  eastern  industries  had,  failed  to  realize.  The  hardy 
light-boned  horse  that  hitherto  had  served  for  labor,  road  and 
track,  lacked  the  latent  qualities  to  meet  the  situation,  and  in 
the  early  50's  progressive  American  agriculturists  brought  from 
the  older  hemisphere  the  fundaments  of  a  type  more  definitely 
adapted  to  the  immediate  necessity. 

Clearest  visioned  among  the  caterers  to  the  new  need  was 
MARK  WENTWORTH  DUNHAM  of  Oaklawn  Farm  some  five  miles 
south  of  Elgin,  Illinois.  Born  June  22,  1842,  he  early  saw  the 
success  of  old  Louis  NAPOLEON  and  others  of  the  pioneer  French 
blood  to  reach  this  country,  so  in  1870  he  acquired  the  mas- 
sively spread  gray  stallion  with  whitish  mane,  whose  name  Suc- 
cess was  fortunate  omen  of  his  service  to  Oaklawn,  and  the  sur- 
rounding country  side.  From  this  simple  beginning,  a  rapidly 
growing  business  developed.  The  old  brick  house  that  had  been 
pioneer  home  was  transformed  into  an  office  and  clerks  busily 
clicked  away  at  typewriters  the  year  round  in  maintaining  the 
records  of  the  horses  that  passed  through  Oaklawn. 

MR.  DUNHAM  was  a  keen  judge  of  equine  needs  and  a  student 
of  equine  type.  A  personal  investigation  extended  over  a  num- 
ber of  years  convinced  him  that  of  all  the  horses  of  Frankish 
origin  that  came  to  his  stables,  those  that  came  from  the  district 
of  the  old  Perche  were  by  all  odds  the  best.  The  blood  seemed 
to  mix  particularly  well  when  crossed  upon  the  light  limbed 
mares  spread  over  the  corn  country,  and  so  successful  were  the 
half  bloods  that  wherever  a  stallion  once  went  another  was 
demanded  in  its  place.  MR.  DUNHAM'S  keenness  of  judgment 
permitted  him  to  recognize,  while  the  horses  were  still  in  France 


122  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

and  in  the  prime  of  their  breeding  age,  the  animals  that  were 
to  contribute  to  the  ultimate  perfection  of  the  Percheron  ideal, 
and  by  fearless  investment  he  secured  for  America  the  very  best 
of  the  Percheron  blood.  Of  the  record  of  his  successes  with 
Brilliant  1271,  Brilliant  3d,  Seducteur  and  Marathon,  all  of 
most  potent  heritage,  of  Villers,  Theudis,  and  a  host  of  others, 
one  can  tell  much,  and  under  his  shrewd  judgment  and  careful 
selection,  Oaklawn  not  only  rivalled  but  for  many  years  excelled 
the  best  of  the  French  breeders  in  contributing  to  the  advance 
of  the  Percheron  type. 

MR.  DUNHAM  was  a  man  of  real  democracy  and  possessed  a 
persuasive  ability  to  awaken  interest  in  others.  He  was  at  home 
in  palace  or  hovel  and  had  the  unconscious  knack  of  putting 
every  one  at  ease.  In  the  late  90's  when  importation  was  diffi- 
cult MR.  DUNHAM  visited  RICHARD  WOLF  at  Streator  to  seek 
young  horses  bred  from  an  Oaklawn  foundation.  Until  after 
midnight  he  visited,  talking  endlessly  of  horse  and  draft.  Tem- 
porary emergencies  forced  him  to  sleep  in  the  hired  man's  bed, 
and  he  drove  through  the  bottomless  Illinois  mud  to  town  leav- 
ing MR.  WOLF  with  the  impression  that  kings  could  not  have 
done  better.  It  was  this  happy  adaptability  and  cheerful  facing 
of  disagreeable  situations  that  laid  the  foundation  of  his  suc- 
cess. He  was  the  greatest  salesman  ever  in  the  stallion  business, 
selling  four  or  five  horses  to  separate  buyers  at  once,  and  divin- 
ing with  uncanny  accuracy  just  the  price  his  buyer  wanted  to 
pay  and  just  the  type  of  horse  he  wanted  to  be  shown. 

MR.  DUNHAM'S  untimely  death  in  1899  came  at  the  prime  of 
his  career.  It  occurred  as  a  result  of  blood  poisoning  brought 
on  by  the  examination  of  an  infected  hoof.  His  achievements 
in  founding  and  upbuilding  the  Percheron  industry  have  been 
passed  to  the  future  in  the  able  hands  of  his  son  WIRTH,  the 
present  master  of  Oaklawn. 


MARK    W.    DUNHAM 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  123 

A  FASHIONER  OF  CLYDESDALES 

44.  COL.  ROBERT  HOLLOWAY  wrought  a  work  in  agriculture 
and  livestock  breeding  such  as  has  fallen  to  the  lot  of  few  men. 
For  years  he  was  a  commanding  figure  in  both  the  Shorthorn 
and  Clydesdale  trade,  a  man  whose  natural  endowments  placed 
him  considerably  above  the  average  of  his  fellows.  He  pos- 
sessed a  most  steadfast  yet  varied  personality.  The  obituary 
published  at  the  time  of  his  death  characterized  him  as  a  humani- 
tarian, sociologist  and  Christian  gentleman,  but  that  only  told 
of  his  qualities  in  part. 

COL.  HOLLOWAY  was  born  in  Bourbon  Co.,  Kentucky,  of  Vir- 
ginian descent.  He  was  educated  at  the  Kentucky  Military  Insti- 
tute and  following  his  graduation  was  given  the  chair  of  Mathe- 
matics at  that  institution.  In  1851  he  graduated  with  honors 
in  law  from  the  Transylvania  University,  beginning  his  practice 
the  same  year  at  Monmouth,  111.  His  inherent  love  of  the  land 
soon  led  him  to  the  acquisition  and  development  of  the  rich 
prairies  of  Warren  county.  At  one  time  he  owned  more  than 
7,000  acres  which  completely  monopolized  his  time.  He  founded 
the  town  of  Alexis  near  one  of  his  farms,  and  in  early  years 
was  largely  interested  in  city  property.  Once  his  land  was 
acquired,  he  became  obsessed  with  his  livestock.  The  Shorthorn 
first  claimed  his  attention  and  in  honor  of  the  breed  he  christ- 
ened his  estate  Durham  Lawn.  In  1876  he  held  one  of  the 
really  historic  sales  of  the  breed  in  Chicago,  securing  an  average 
of  $1,087  on  over  sixty  head. 

His  imperishable  contribution  to  husbandry,  however,  was 
through  his  Clydesdales.  The  foundations  of  his  stud  were 
obtained  in  1873.  He  proceeded  to  Scotland  where  he  made  a 
thorough  personal  study  of  Clydesdale  types  and  acquired  as 
keen  an  understanding  of  the  excellencies  of  the  Scotch  draft 
horse  as  has  been  the  opportunity  of  any  American.  His  col- 
lection of  mares  grew  to  large  proportions,  and  at  one  time  he 


124  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

maintained  the  largest  Clydesdale  stud  on  either  continent.  His 
Scotch  studies  led  him  to  pin  his  faith  first  of  all  to  the  foot, 
ankle  and  limb,  and  in  Cedric,  son  of  the  famous  Prince  of 
Wales,  he  obtained  his  ideal  type  of  sustaining  figure,  prepo- 
tence,  and  longevity.  He  placed  wearing  qualities  before  all 
other  things  in  a  draft  horse. 

His  successful  attainment  of  his  ideals  attracted  the  attention 
of  both  continents,  and  stallions  and  mares  bred  at  Durham 
Lawn  were  exported  to  Scotland  to  exert  a  marked  influence  on 
the  course  of  breeding  and  showyard  history  in  the  native 
haunts  of  the  breed.  Few  breeders  have  been  able  more  fully 
to  realize  their  ideal  in  the  production  of  animal  types.  MR. 
HOLLOWAY  held  pronounced  opinions  on  the  development  of 
his  animals.  His  young  stuff  habitually  appeared  in  the  show 
ring  in  the  lightest  of  flesh,  his  maxim  being  to  grow  his  horses 
before  he  fattened  them.  Such  procedure  doubtless  added 
years  to  the  length  of  service  of  the  animals  he  produced,  but 
he  ultimately  carried  it  to  an  extreme  that  permitted  his  rivals 
in  breed  promotion,  R.  B.  OGILVIE  (6),  and  N.  P.  CLARKE  (45), 
to  gain  advantage  of  him  during  his  later  years  in  the  show  yard. 
His  death  April  17,  1906,  marked  the  close  of  a  long  career, 
characterized  by  a  loyal  and  strict  adherence  to  the  draft 
standard. 

COL.  HOLLOWAY  was  personally  a  most  lovable  man.  He  pos- 
sessed an  ardent  intensity  of  nature,  and  a  courageous,  yet 
tender,  chivalry  that  marked  him  a  knight  of  the  latter  day.  He 
was  an  intellectual  giant  among  the  figures  connected  with  live- 
stock breeding.  Few  could  equal  him  in  elegant  diction,  whether 
used  in  speech  or  manuscript.  Unfortunately  during  his  later 
years,  he  developed  a  distaste  for  writing  that  prevented  his  con- 
veying to  paper  the  vast  stores  of  draft  lore  he  had  acquired 
throughout  his  long  experience.  Through  the  columns  of  The 
Breeders  Gazette,  COL.  HOLLOWAY  presented  a  series  of  articles 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  125 

on  the  Clydesdale  horse  in  reply  to  a  vigorous  attack  made  by 
an  English  correspondent,  that  have  become  classics  of  livestock 
literature.  He  lived  a  deep  religious  life  and  was  an  ardent 
student  of  modern  sociological  thought.  COL.  HOLLOWAY  was 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  men  in  his  depth  of  nature  and  his 
completeness  of  idealism  that  has  existed  in  American  agricul- 
ture. 


126  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

MASTER  OF  MEADOWLAWN 

45.  The  founder  of  the  purebred  livestock  industry  in  Minne- 
sota was  NEHEMIAH  PARKER  CLARKE.  His  birthplace  was  Hub- 
bardstown,  Mass.,  April  8,  1836,  and  a  part  of  his  boyhood  was 
spent  in  Kentucky,  but  in  1853  he  set  his  face  to  the  west,  and 
for  three  years  lived  in  Fond-du-lac,  Wis.,  learning  the  methods 
of  western  business  and  acquiring  a  small  cash  surplus  to  per- 
mit him  to  make  the  beginnings  for  himself.  At  twenty  years 
of  age  he  established  at  St.  Cloud,  Minn.,  the  retail  hardware 
business,  which  grew  into  a  general  store  and  then  a  general 
business  predominantly  devoted  to  lumbering. 

He  was  fortunate  in  securing  a  number  of  very  profitable 
contracts  from  the  government,  and  based  on  these  he  developed 
a  string  of  stores  and  outfitting  plants,  a  series  of  real  estate 
centers  and  a  wealth  of  minor  enterprises.  MR.  CLARKE  was 
one  of  the  "star  routers,"  that  coterie  of  men  who  secured  the 
contract  to  carry  the  government  mails  by  stage.  He  himself 
was  the  first  man  to  drive  a  coach  out  of  St.  Cloud,  with  an 
ultimate  destination  west  of  the  Missouri  River.  For  a  term 
of  years  he  operated  large  ox  trains  to  handle  freight  from  St. 
Paul  to  the  Black  Hills  district  of  the  Dakotas.  Furthermore 
he  was  one  of  the  first  men  ever  to  drive  beef  on  the  hoof  from 
the  southwest  ranges  to  the  government  lands  of  the  northwest. 
Through  these  various  activities  and  by  unerring  selection  in 
the  choice  of  lieutenants,  MR.  CLARKE  developed  a  very  large 
business.  In  the  late  80's  his  annual  lumber  sales  ran  above 
$150,000,000  a  year,  greater  than  that  of  any  rival. 

Meanwhile  his  agricultural  interests  were  developing.  In  the 
vicinity  of  St.  Cloud  he  took  advantage  of  every  opportunity 
to  secure  parcels  of  land,  and  he  equipped  his  principal  hold- 
ing, Meadow  Lawn  Farm,  with  a  splendid  stud  of  Clydesdales, 
a  champion  herd  of  Shorthorns,  and,  later  an  unexcelled  herd 
of  Galloways.  He  became  the  greatest  breeder  of  his  period 


N.     P.     CLARKE 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  127 

in  all  three  breeds,  while  for  America  he  is  perhaps  the  greatest 
Galloway  breeder  of  all  time.  For  many  years  he  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Clydesdale  Association  and  devoted  largely  of  his 
energies  to  its  promotion.  He  was  president  of  the  Minnesota 
Board  of  Agriculture,  and  under  his  administration  secured  the 
presentation  of  the  Minnesota  State  Fair  Grounds  by  Ramsey 
county  and  a  state  appropriation  of  $150,000  to  equip  it.  When 
the  development  of  the  program  resulted  in  a  $110,000  shortage 
he  used  his  own  personal  check  lo  carry  the  indebtedness  until 
the  legislature  reimbursed  him. 

MR.  CLARKE  was  chairman  of  the  committee  of  eighteen  on 
the  livestock  interests  at  the  Columbian  Exposition,  and  was  the 
first  man  to  make  its  wants  known  in  Washington.  His  Clydes- 
dales were  high  in  the  monies,  rivalling  the  entries  of  MR.  OGIL- 
VIE  (6)  and  COL.  HOLLOWAY  (44).  He  imported  large  numbers 
of  this  breed  to  furnish  the  breeders  of  the  state  with  purebred 
stallions.  Many  of  his  horses  were  sold  on  ten  years'  time,  and 
the  ruinous  years  of  the  mid-nineties  left  him  with  much  unne- 
gotiable  paper.  Like  MR.  OGILVIE,  MR.  CLARKE  believed  in  the 
ultimate  supremacy  of  the  Darnley  stock,  and  while  he  lived  to 
see  its  ascendancy,  he  failed  to  know  of  its  almost  complete 
dominance  of  the  Scots'  draft  world.  His  Shorthorns  were 
superb.  For  a  period  of  twenty  years  scarcely  a  herd  of  promi- 
nence was  found  in  the  north  and  central  west  that  did  not  boast 
one  or  two  animals  of  Meadow  Lawn  blood,  while  the  names  of 
Justice,  Ringmaster,  Dorothea  2d  and  Snowbird  (dam  of  Fair 
Acres  Sultan)  are  writ  large  on  the  Shorthorn  showyard  scroll. 
His  Galloways  completely  dominated  the  gatherings  of  the  late 
years  of  the  last  and  the  opening  years  of  this  century,  and  the 
Welcomes  and  Claras  of  Meadow  Lawn  provided  a  blood  foun- 
dation for  more  than  one  Galloway  pioneer.  Much  credit  for 
his  success  in  the  field  of  breeding  must  be  given  to  his  herds- 
man and  livestock  manager,  LESLIE  SMITH,  who  contributed 


128  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

much  of  the  foresight  in  purchase  and  genius  in  matings  that 
brought  Meadow  Lawn  to  the  fore. 

The  panic  of  1893  robbed  MR.  CLARKE  of  most  of  the  fruits  of 
his  labor,  only  a  few  cutover  lands  and  his  herds  being  saved. 
Out  of  these,  however,  he  once  more  builded  himself  a  property. 
MR.  CLARKE  was  a  man  of  great  reticence  and  few  knew  his  inner- 
most soul  and  secrets.  He  shrank  from  publicity  and  the  thou- 
sand-and-one  acts  of  charity  he  performed  were  seldom  credited 
to  him.  His  death  on  June  29,  1912,  robbed  his  state  of  a  public 
benefactor  and  an  indefatigable  citizen. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  129 

THE  LAIRD   OF   NETHERHALL 

46.  The  shrewdest  practitioner  in  animal  types  and  bloodlines 
since  the  earliest  masters,  perhaps  the  shrewdest  of  all  because 
his  material  already  had  passed  the  refiner's  fire,  was  the  Laird 
of  Netherhall,  ANDREW  MONTGOMERY.  Born  in  the  late  forties  of 
the  last  century,  he  was  attaining  manhood  when  the  superlative 
Prince  of  Wales  (673)  was  foaled,  and  grew  into  his  indepen- 
dence in  husbandry  as  this  founder  of  bloodlines  developed  his 
prestige  in  showyard  and  breeding  paddock.  But  even  as  he 
shaped  his  career  as  a  breeder  of  Clydesdales,  the  star  of  Darnley 
shone  on  his  firmament,  and  he  was  called  to  make  the  decision 
the  master  must  always  make — what  materials,  what  blood  he 
should  use.  In  spite  of  the  enormous  prices  and  popularity  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales'  sons,  he  allied  himself  with  the  Darnley  blood. 
Rightly  had  he  interpreted  the  brood  successes  of  Darnley's 
daughters  to  the  cover  of  Prince  of  Wales,  rightly  did  he  reason 
that  some  son  of  Darnley  must  transmit  the  same  merits  that  the 
daughters  had  bequeathed.  As  a  yearling  he  acquired  Macgregor, 
bluntly  declaring  at  the  outset  that  he  had  found  what  he  sought. 
And  he  builded  well.  A  new  type  of  .draught  economy  arose  in 
the  Macgregor  progeny,  and  a  new  supreme  justice  of  the  Clydes- 
dale court  arose  in  the  land.  The  genius  of  NETHERHALL'S  laird 
overshadowed  the  pronouncements  of  those  noble  veterans,  DAVID 
RIDDELL  and  LAWRENCE  DREW. 

MONTGOMERY'S  ultimate  triumph  was  founded  in  the  acquiring 
of  Baron's  Pride.  This  latter  horse,  foaled  May  8,  1890,  sprang 
from  the  loins  of  Darnley's  rugged  grandson,  Sir  Everard,  leading 
showyard  sire  of  his  generation.  Darnley  fathered  three  notable 
sons,  Macgregor,  already  mentioned,  Flashwood  and  Topgallant. 
Although  of  powerful  make,  the  last  named  was  the  least  known 
of  these  in  his  day,  but  through  his  son  Sir  Everard  and  ANDREW 
MONTGOMERY'S  skillful  booking  of  Baron's  Pride,  he  was  the 
choice  of  the  three  to  carry  forward  the  torch  of  improvement. 


130  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Almost  immediately  Baron's  Pride  became  the  sire  par  excel- 
lence, his  progeny  sweeping  show  after  show.  Only  twice  was  his 
supremacy  threatened,  once  by  his  son  and  once  by  that  peerless 
grandson  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  Hiawatha.  In  his  twenty-three 
years  of  life  his  blood  made  contacts  that  six  years  after  his  death 
link  him  to  ninety  percent  of  the  living  registered  animals  of  his 
breed.  During  his  career  he  earned  upwards  of  $150,000  in  ser- 
vice fees  and  showyard  monies,  and  through  the  leasing  of  his 
sons,  ANDREW  MONTGOMERY  not  only  nearly  monopolized  the  stal- 
lion industry  of  Scotland,  but  by  his  genius  so  concentrated,  so 
focussed  the  excellencies  of  the  Darnley-Prince  of  Wales  heritage, 
that  it  breeds  on  and  on  to  the  permanent  and  increasing  improve- 
ment of  the  breed  as  a  whole. 

Through  his  countless  leases  of  Baron's  Pride's  sons,  through 
his  personal  extension  and  visitation  of  America,  Canada  and  the 
European  continent,  he  has  done  more  to  further  the  breed's 
development  than  any  single  figure  since  its  establishment.  He 
has  visited  the  International  and  been  breed  arbiter  at  Toronto 
and  St.  Paul.  His  will  was  indomitable,  his  wit  and  judgment 
keen.  To  ANDREW  MONTGOMERY  more  than  to  any  individual 
living  or  dead  is  due  the  great  constructive  progress  in  Clydesdale 
type  since  the  middle  70's,  and  the  crystallizing  of  the  bloodlines 
that  make  Clydesdale  breeding  a  work  of  almost  scientific  preci- 
sion. His  death  in  1912,  separated  only  a  few  months  from  the 
demise  of  Baron's  Pride,  abruptly  sundered  personal  bonds  that 
linked  Clydesdale  lovers  of  every  land  to  Netherhall. 


ANDREW    MONTGOMERY 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  131 

BREWER  AND  BREEDER 

47.  A  real  contributor  to  the  science  of  livestock  husbandry 
was  CAPT.  FREDERICK  PABST  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  prominent 
brewer  and  head  of  the  Pabst  Brewing  Co.  CAPT.  PABST  was  one 
of  the  first  men  in  the  west  to  utilize  brewers'  grains  as  the  major 
portion  of  the  ration  fed  to  the  several  hundred  steers  annually 
fattened  on  his  farm,  and  thus  became  a  pioneer  in  an  industry 
which  has  reached  rather  large  proportions  in  brewing  centers. 
Having  effectively  demonstrated  the  value  of  these  byproduct 
grains  for  beef  production,  he  built  up  a  herd  of  purebred 
Jerseys,  and  demonstrated  its  value  to  produce  milk. 

CAPT.  PABST  was  born  March  28,  1836,  at  Nicolausreith  in  the 
Thueringen  Forest  of  Germany.  When  but  twelve  years  of  age 
his  family  emigrated  to  America,  coming  first  to  Milwaukee,  but 
settling  shortly  afterwards  in  Chicago.  Here  financial  reverses 
to  his  father  and  the  death  of  his  mother  (1849)  forced  him  to 
earn  his  own  living.  His  first  position  was  that  of  bellboy  in  a 
hotel,  on  a  salary  of  S5.00  per  month  and  board.  Here  he  worked 
for  three  years,  and  then  became  a  cabin  boy  on  the  Goodrich 
line  on  the  Great  Lakes.  His  services  were  so  faithful  and  his 
progress  so  energetic  that  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  he 
became  captain  of  the  steamer  Sunbeam. 

In  1862  CAPT.  PABST  married  Miss  MARIE  BEST,  daughter  of 
PHILIP  BEST  of  Milwaukee,  and  shortly  thereafter  renounced  his 
sailor's  life  to  invest  all  his  savings  in  the  brewery  of  his  father- 
in-law,  in  which  place  he  took  up  active  work.  Three  years 
later  the  firm  was  christened  PHILIP  BEST  &  Co.,  and  CAPT. 
PABST  became  both  leader  and  manager.  In  1873,  when  incor- 
poration occurred,  the  yearly  production  totalled  100,000  barrels 
of  beer. 

CAPT.  PABST  was  an  incessant  laborer.  In  1888  his  partner, 
EMIL  SCHANDEIN,  died,  leaving  the  entire  management  of  the 
gigantic  institution  upon  CAPT.  PABST'S  shoulders.  So  broad 


132  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

were  they,  however,  that  one  year  later,  the  annual  capacity  of 
the  brewery  passed  the  500,000  barrel  mark,  and  the  stockhold- 
ers of  the  company  by  unanimous  vote  changed  the  name  from 
the  PHILIP  BEST  BREWERY  to  the  PABST  BREWING  Co.,  electing 
CAPT.  PABST  president.  From  this  position  CAPT.  PABST 
branched  out  in  several  lines,  being  made  president  of  the  Wis- 
consin National  Bank,  an4  a  director  of  the  Milwaukee  Mechan- 
ic's Insurance  Co. 

About  1870  he  purchased  a  farm  of  200  acres  near  the  village 
of  Wauwatosa,  three  miles  west  of  Milwaukee.  Here  he  indulged 
himself  to  the  limit  in  his  love  for  livestock,  agriculture  and 
outdoor  life.  Many  of  the  horses  used  at  the  Brewery  were 
bred  and  raised  on  the  farm,  and  he  made  several  large  impor- 
tations of  Percheron  breeding  stock  from  France.  His  first 
importation  was  made  in  1884  and  he  entered  the  showring 
immediately  to  become  a  most  successful  breeder  and  competi- 
tor. He  was  immeasurably  fond  of  his  trotting  and  saddle 
horses,  and  he  drove  and  rode  considerably,  both  at  his  farm 
and  in  Milwaukee. 

CAPT.  PABST  was  a  man  of  spontaneous  generosity,  filled  with 
civic  pride  and  a  helpful  interest  in  public  affairs.  In  1889 
the  G.  A.  R.  held  its  annual  reunion  at  Milwaukee,  and  rather 
than  permit  the  veterans  to  pay  any  admission  to  the  Lake  Front 
grandstand,  in  order  to  view  the  mock  naval  battle  there  staged, 
he  subscribed  an  enormous  sum  of  money,  above  $10,000,  rather 
than  see  even  one  old  soldier  pay  a  penny  admission.  His  death 
occurred  in  1907. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  133 

A  HERCULES  OF  THE  HORSE  BLOCK 

48.  Perhaps  the  most  commanding  figure  in  the  Chicago  horse 
market  during  its  most  prosperous  years  was  that  of  COL.  JOHN 
SIDNEY  COOPER.  COL.  COOPER  was  born  in  Chicago  in  March, 
1842,  of  combined  English  and  Irish  parentage.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  Wilder  School  in  Chicago  and  began  his  business 
career  at  fifteen  years  of  age  with  the  railroads,  working  first 
as  a  brakeman  for  the  Illinois  Central  and  afterward  as  a  pas- 
senger conductor  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton,  the  latter  relation 
continuing  fourteen  years.  In  1871  he  took  a  contract  for  street 
cleaning  in  Chicago  and  established  stables  in  the  square 
enclosed  by  Michigan  and  Indiana  avenues,  and  Adams  and 
Monroe  streets.  Here  he  conducted  a  general  teaming  business, 
working  in  the  vicinity  of  150  horses.  He  also  became  inter- 
ested in  the  boarding  and  sale  of  horses,  the  latter  feature  grow- 
ing to  such  a  degree  that  in  1885  he  came  to  the  Union  Stock- 
yards and  engaged  in  a  strictly  commission  business  for  the 
sale  of  horses  and  mules. 

COL.  COOPER  was  the  first  to  inaugurate  the  vending  of  horses 
by  auctioneering  methods  on  the  Chicago  market,  a  device  which 
vastly  increased  the  volume  of  business  possible  for  him  to 
handle.  In  1894,  when  the  horse  exchange  was  organized,  he 
was  elected  president,  and  retained  that  position  until  his  death 
in  1917.  His  business  prospered  in  Chicago  to  such  a  degree 
that  he  found  it  possible  to  open  a  branch  sales  stable  in  the 
Union  Stockyards  in  South  Omaha  where  he  did  a  large  busi- 
ness in  the  sale  of  range  horses.  One  of  his  most  interesting 
undertakings  consisted  in  securing  suitable  mounts  for  the  Chi- 
cago mounted  police  force.  COL.  COOPER  not  only  chose  a 
beautiful  yet  serviceable  type,  but  he  also  devoted  the  latter 
years  of  his  life  to  the  constant  improvement  and  replacement 
of  the  animals  thus  selected. 


134  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

COL.  COOPER  was  a  director  of  the  International  from  the 
date  of  its  inception  until  his  death,  and  was  appointed  by  MR. 
OGILVIE  as  assistant  superintendent  of  the  horse  department,  an 
appointment  later  confirmed  by  election  of  the  directors.  He 
was  especially  interested  in  the  light  horse  show,  and  contributed 
largely  of  his  energy  to  the  development  and  staging  of  the 
night  horse  exhibition.  His  death  was  in  the  harness,  as  he 
suffered  from  an  apoplectic  stroke  at  the  close  of  the  1917  Inter- 
national. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  135 

A  CATTLE  CRUSADER  FROM  CALEDON 

49.  One  of  the  pioneer  managers  of  the  great  cattle  holdings 
of  the  boom  days  of  cowboy  and  grassland  was  MURDO  MACKEN- 
ZIE. Born  in  Tain,  Scotland,  in  1850,  he  gained  his  first  experi- 
ence as  plowboy  and  farm  laborer.  In  his  late  teens  he  entered 
into  an  apprenticeship  in  the  North  of  Scotland  Bank,  studying 
at  the  same  time  in  a  lawyer's  office.  From  this  position  he 
turned  quite  naturally  to  the  assistant  factorship  of  the  500,000 
acre  estate  of  SIR  CHARLES  Ross  at  Balnagowan,  County  of  Ross. 
Here  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  agricultural  interests  in 
particular,  although  he  retained  an  agency  for  the  North  of 
Scotland  Bank.  It  was  part  of  his  duties  to  attend  to  the  rents 
and  leases  of  some  500  towns  on  SIR  CHARLES'  estate,  in  addi- 
tion to  handling  the  cropping  and  grazing  lands. 

In  1885  he  crossed  the  waters  to  America  and  became  man- 
ager of  one  of  the  ranches  of  the  Prairie  Cattle  Co.,  in  Colorado. 
Four  years  later  he  succeeded  MR.  W.  J.  TOD  to  the  manager- 
ship of  the  entire  holdings  of  the  company  in  southeast  Colorado, 
what  is  now  Oklahoma,  and  in  the  Panhandle  district.  On  Jan- 
uary 1,  1891,  he  was  called  to  the  Matador  Land  &  Cattle  Co., 
and  assumed  the  position  of  manager  of  its  extensive  grazing 
lands  and  herds  in  Colorado  and  Texas.  MR.  MACKENZIE 
brought  to  bear  on  the  big  range  problems  all  of  those  instincts 
that  have  made  the  Scot  truly  constructive  from  an  agricultural 
standpoint  wherever  he  has  gone.  At  the  time  that  he  took 
charge  the  herd  consisted  of  about  65,000  head,  and  the  total 
holdings  were  reputed  to  be  worth  about  $6,000,000.  About 
750,000  acres  were  operated  by  the  company  on  its  southwest 
range,  500,000  acres  being  in  one  parcel  and  250,000  acres  being 
in  the  other.  In  addition  to  this  the  company  leased  450,000 
acres  in  Dakota  and  150,000  acres  in  Canada. 

The  original  cattle  were  of  the  distinct  Texas  type,  southern 
stock  graded  up  to  some  extent  by  the  use  of  Shorthorn  blood. 


136  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

The  bulls  used  in  the  herd  were  entirely  grade,  some  purchased 
in  Kansas,  but  the  majority  produced  in  the  herd  itself.  MR. 
MACKENZIE'S  first  move  was  to  cull  out  all  inferior  cows  and 
to  replace  the  bulls  with  purebreds.  For  a  number  of  years 
he  used  Hereford,  Shorthorn  and  Aberdeen-Angus  bulls,  all 
three,  but  he  gradually  increased  the  proportion  of  the  former 
until  all  of  the  steers  marketed  were  whitefaced.  In  the  later 
nineties  he  established  a  purebred  herd  from  300  to  350  cows, 
from  which  he  proposed  to  breed  the  extra  Hereford  bulls  he 
needed.  He  particularly  fancied,  the  Anxiety  blood  of  GUDGELL 
&  SIMPSON  and  drew  strongly  on  them  as  well  as  on  other  Mis- 
souri-Kansas breeders.  He  adopted  a  policy  of  paying  about 
$100  to  $250  for  bulls  for  general  range  service,  while  he  paid 
as  high  as  $1,000  for  sires  for  the  purebred  herd.  On  the 
average  he  secured  about  150  bulls  annually  from  the  pure- 
bred herd  for  use  on  his  range  cows.  The  bulls  were  first  put 
to  service  when  two  years  old  and  were  turned  to  the  herd  in 
the  ratio  of  one  bull  to  twenty-five  cows. 

When  MR.  MACKENZIE  took  charge  of  the  herd,  the  bulk  of 
the  steers  were  of  such  an  inferior  nature  that  they  were  sold 
as  two-year-olds  to  the  cattlemen  of  Dakota,  Montana  and 
Wyoming  to  be  run  as  stockers  and  in  part  fattened.  The 
returns  on  such  animals  were  insufficient  to  pay  the  costs  of 
production,  and  it  was  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  Kansas  and 
Missouri  feeders  that  the  grade  bulls  were  replaced  by  pure- 
breds. MR.  MACKENZIE  was  really  a  pioneer  in  this  work  and 
effectively  demonstrated  not  only  that  purebred  cattle  were  suc- 
cessful under  the  conditions  of  the  range,  but  also  that  high 
breeding  was  by  no  means  necessarily  accompanied  by  unpro- 
ductiveness. 

On  Jan.  1,  1912,  he  proceeded  to  Brazil  as  general  manager 
of  the  Brazil  Land,  Cattle  &  Packing  Co.  He  gathered  together 
one  of  the  greatest  herds  of  range  animals  under  one  manage- 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  137 

ment  in  Brazil,  some  250,000  head  all  told.  These  were  dis- 
tributed over  about  9,000,000  acres,  1,250,000  acres  being  in 
Meneas-Gereas  and  the  remainder  in  the  province  of  Matto- 
grosso.  Backed  by  WILSON  &  Co.  capital,  he  founded  one  of 
Brazil's  first  packing-houses,  and  was  appointed  vice-president 
of  the  Brazil  organization. 

He  returned  to  America  in  1919  and  took  up  an  advisory 
position  with  THOMAS  E.  WILSON  particularly  to  handle  pro- 
ducer relations  for  WILSON  &  Co.  MR.  MACKENZIE  has  arisen 
from  the  position  of  plowboy  to  that  of  controlling  more  cattle 
than  any  other  man  in  the  world,  and  his  example  can  furnish 
only  encouragement  and  inspiration  to  young  men  who  will 
study  his  career. 


138  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  PREACHER  OF  PORK 

50.  The  pre-eminent  producer  of  barrows  at  the  International 
Livestock  Exposition  has  been  the  firm  of  JOHN  FRANCIS  &  SON, 
New  Lenox,  111.  Their  record  in  the  showyard  has  never  been 
equalled  by  other  breeder,  and  as  a  measure  of  their  ability,  both 
in  the  selection  of  breeding  animals  and  in  the  fitting  and  finish- 
ing of  showyard  types,  the  International  grand  championship 
on  single  barrows  has  fallen  to  their  herd  four  times.  The 
honors  came  at  as  widely  separated  intervals  as  1909,  1912, 
1913  and  1916,  while  many  ribbons  within  the  Poland-China 
breed  show  were  won  in  intervening  years.  Four  purples  were 
also  secured  on  groups  of  three  barrows,  the  1910,  1912,  1913 
and  1916  Internationals  furnishing  the  occasions.  Champion- 
ship on  carcasses  was  captured  at  the  1906,  1908,  1909  and  1912 
Internationals. 

MR.  JOHN  R.  FRANCIS,  the  founder  of  the  firm,  was  born  Jan- 
uary 8,  1843,  near  New  Lenox,  111.  His  education  was  received 
in  the  rural  schools  of  Illinois,  and  he  began  the  breeding  of 
Poland-China  swine  in  1872.  In  1894  he  was  elected  sheriff 
of  Will  Co.,  and  succeeded  during  this  period  in  obtaining  title 
to  much  land,  due  to  the  foreclosure  of  mortgages  resultant 
from  the  business  reverses  of  those  years.  He  managed  to  reap 
a  very  tidy  profit,  and  to  become  quite  a  financial  influence  in 
his  county.  In  1898  he  retired  from  political  office  and  spent 
his  remaining  years  in  improving  his  Poland-China  stocks.  MR. 
FRANCIS  was  equally  successful  with  the  small,  middle  and  large 
types  of  Poland-China,  and  won  honors  in  the  showring  with 
each  kind.  Most  of  his  winnings  were  obtained  upon  the  so- 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  139 

called  middle  type,  however,  and  he  became  interested,  in  the 
big  boned  kind  only  during  his  very  last  years. 

MR.  FRANCIS'  greatest  service  to  husbandry  lay  in  the  adver- 
tising he  gave  the  Poland-China  breed  as  a  result  of  his  show- 
ring  record.  Until  he  entered  the  lists,  no  breed  of  swine  had 
been  able  successfully  to  compete  with  the  Berkshire,  and  he 
did  much  to  put  the  Poland-China  on  its  feet,  from  the  stand- 
point of  the  showyard  and  block.  The  work  he  began  so  suc- 
cessfully is  now  being  carried  forward  by  his  son,  HOWARD 
FRANCIS,  as  his  death  occurred  March  28,  1913. 


140  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

FINANCIAL  BACKER  OF  THE  OLD  CATTLE  KINGS 

51.  One  of  the  most  active  commission  men  during  the  boom 
days  of  the  cattle  range,  and  one  of  the  broadest  financiers  of 
the  Wyoming  and  Montana  operators  was  JOSEPH  ROSENBAUM 
of  the  firm  of  ROSENBAUM  BROS.  &  Co.  MR.  ROSENBAUM  was 
born  at  Schwabach,  Bavaria,  April  1,  1838,  and  came  to  America 
with  his  brother,  MORRIS,  in  1850.  His  father  had  preceded 
them  and  had  established  a  business  at  Dubuque,  Iowa.  When 
twenty  years  of  age,  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  he  estab- 
lished a  general  store  at  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa,  but  in  June,  1862, 
enlisted  in  Company  B  of  the  31st  Iowa  infantry.  He  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  and  on  his  discharge  engaged  in  the 
handling  of  livestock  and  grain  at  Waverly,  Iowa,  shipping  to 
the  Chicago  market.  In  connection  with  this  work  the  brothers 
established  in  1867  the  State  Bank  of  Waverly  and  the  State 
Bank  of  Nashua,  some  thirty  miles  to  the  north  of  Waverly. 
MORRIS  ROSENBAUM  was  cashier  of  the  Nashua  branch  and 
JOSEPH  ROSENBAUM  was  cashier  of  the  Waverly  institution.  In 
1874  their  interests  were  disposed  of  to  other  parties,  and  the 
two  brothers  established  in  Chicago  the  livestock  commission 
firm  of  ROSENBAUM  BROS.,  later  incorporated  as  ROSENBAUM 
BROS.  &  Co.  JOSEPH  ROSENBAUM  was  president  of  both  organi- 
zations and  was  later  president  of  two  branch  subsidiary  com- 
panies which  he  organized,  the  Livestock  Commission  Company 
and  the  J.  ROSENBAUM  GRAIN  Co.  In  his  later  years  MR.  ROSEN- 
BAUM became  an  extensive  operator  on  the  Board  of  Trade. 

In  the  brightest  years  of  the  range  cattle  industry,  MR.  ROSEN- 
BAUM loaned  enormous  sums  to  a  number  of  the  Montana  cattle 
men.  In  the  spring  and  summer  of  1886  he  had  in  the  vicinity 
of  one  million  dollars  tied  up  in  the  herds  of  a  number  of 
Montana  operators,  the  best  known  being  CONRAD  KOHRS  (53). 
The  severe  winter  wreaked  havoc  with  these  men,  MR.  KOHRS 
losing  approximately  32,000  out  of  35,000  animals.  As  spring 


JOSEPH    ROSENBAUM 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  141 

opened  up  MR.  ROSENBAUM  proceeded  to  Helena  where  he  called 
the  group  of  debtors  together.  Most  of  the  men  were  certain 
that  he  had  come  out  only  to  seize  the  remainder  of  their  broken 
property,  and  were  utterly  unable  to  understand  him  when  he 
asked  them  how  much  money  they  would  want.  Yet  when  their 
difficulties  finally  were  crystallized  into  an  appreciable  form,  MR. 
ROSENBAUM  loaned  them  an  additional  million,  and  ultimately 
received  full  payment  for  the  entire  debt.  Some  years  ago 
when  he  faced  ruin  on  the  Exchange,  a  friend  made  a  special 
trip  to  Helena,  called  together  the  men  who  had  so  thoroughly 
benefited  from  MR.  ROSENBAUM'S  faith  a  quarter  century  previ- 
ous, and  secured  from  them  a  loan  of  well  above  a  million 
dollars,  that  not  only  staved  off  ruin  for  MR.  ROSENBAUM,  but 
made  it  possible  for  him  to  reap  a  large  profit.  His  death 
occurred  May  22,  1919,  at  Pasadena,  California. 


142  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  ROUNDUP  ON  BEAR  CREEK 

52.  This  landscape  showing  the  "Roundup"  on  the  ranch  of 
the  Pioneer  Cattle  Co.  in  the  Bear  Creek  Valley,  Dawson  Co., 
Mont.,  was  presented  by  MR.  KOHRS  (53)  upon  the  occasion  of 
completing  fifty  years  of  ranching  in  Montana,  in  1913. 

A  PATRIARCH  OF  THE  NORTHWEST  RANGE 

53.  The  grand  old  man  of  northwestern  cattle  progress  and 
prosperity  was  CONRAD  KOHRS,  president  of  the  Pioneer  Cattle 
Co.  of  Montana.     MR.  KOHRS  was  one  of  the  leaders  in  the 
introduction  of  the  Hereford  to  the  northwest  range  and  wielded 
an  enormous  influence  in  placing  beef  production  on  a  firm 
financial  foundation.     He  was  born  in  1835  in  Schleswig-Hol- 
stein,  and  came  to  America  about  1850.    He  first  settled  in  Iowa 
but  in  1863  went  west  to  rise  to  prominence  during  the  early 
days  of  the  cattle  boom.     His  original  cattle  were  improved 
by  the  use  of  Shorthorn  bulls  but  with  the  coming  of  the  Here- 
fords,  he  became  a  firm  believer  in  the  use  of  the  Hereford  top 
cross.      His   original    selection    of   Herefords    comprised   seven 
head,  secured  from  the  Swan  Land  &  Cattle  Co.,  in  1884.     His 
herd  at  this  time  was  one  of  the  best  groups  of  non-pedigree 
Shorthorns  to  be  found  in  the  west.     These  were  accumulated 
on  his  Sun  River  Range  and  descended  from  good  cattle  he  had 
picked  up  along  the  old  California  and  Oregon  trails.     They 
were  first  maintained  in   Deer  Lodge  Valley  but  due  to  the 
shortness  of  the  pasture,  he  was  obliged  to  move  them  in  1878 
into  the  Sun  River  country.     In  1879  he  branded  4,900  cattle 
on  this  ranch. 

When  the  Herefords  were  introduced,  MR.  KOHRS  retained 
the  best  cross-bred  bull  calves  for  breeding  purposes,  while  the 
first  cross  steers  gave  him  great  satisfaction.  The  cattle  were 
earlier  maturing  than  any  he  had  previously  had,  and  he  found 


CONRAD    KOHRS 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  143 

less  difficulty  in  shrinkage  and  waste  during  the  long  ship  to 
Chicago.  When  he  first  started  marketing,  he  was  forced  to 
drive  from  Montana  down  to  Laramie  City  or  Cheyenne  on  the 
Union  Pacific,  a  distance  too  great  to  permit  their  delivery  in 
good  condition  and  at  a  satisfactory  price  in  Chicago.  The 
construction  of  the  Northern  Pacific  across  Montana  induced 
MR.  KOHRS  to  move  his  cattle  to  Tongue  River,  some  150  miles 
south  of  Miles  City.  He  made  his  first  Chicago  shipment  in 
1882,  consisting  of  400  four-year-old  Shorthorn  steers.  The 
cattle  were  a  long  time  on  the  road  and  suffered  from  a  heavy 
shrink  but  they  weighed  1,585  pounds  at  Chicago  and  brought 
the  top  price  for  range  cattle,  $5.85.  Later  in  the  year  he 
shipped  700  three-year-olds,  of  mixed  breeding,  that  averaged 
1,365  pounds,  but  received  $5.85  for  these  as  well. 

The  severe  season  of  1886-1887  practically  ruined  MR.  KOHRS. 
His  herd  was  reduced  over  90  percent  by  death  from  the  cold 
and  starvation.  Financial  help  at  this  time  from  JOSEPH  ROSEN- 
BAUM  (51)  of  Chicago  enabled  him  to  pull  through,  however, 
and  in  the  90's  MR.  KOHRS  was  able  to  purchase  the  entire  pure- 
bred herd  of  the  CHILDS'  estate,  a  good  lot  of  cattle  descended 
from  the  stock  of  Adams  Earl.  About  this  time,  MR.  KOHRS' 
son-in-law,  HON.  JOHN  M.  BOARDMAN,  became  associated  in  the 
management  of  the  Pioneer  Cattle  Co.  and  took  charge  of  the 
breeding  of  these  Herefords.  Due  to  a  dispute  between  the 
herdsman  and  the  administrator  of  the  CHILDS'  estate,  the  pedi- 
grees for  the  cattle  were  not  secured,  and  the  animals  were 
therefore  bred  as  a  non-pedigree  herd,  with  registered  bulls  con- 
stantly in  service.  This  herd  usually  numbered  about  300  head, 
while  a  purebred  Shorthorn  herd  numbering  700  head  was  also 


144  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

maintained.  During  the  later  years  of  feeding,  only  cross-bred 
Hereford-Shorthorn  steers  were  produced,  MR.  KOHRS  believing 
firmly  in  the  first  cross  for  feeding  purposes.  These  cross- 
breds  were  obtained  by  using  Hereford  bulls  on  cows  of  the 
Shorthorn  foundation.  About  1910  MR.  BOARDMAN  became  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  C-K  ranch,  and  MR.  KOHRS  curtailed 
slightly  his  operations.  His  death  occurred  in  June,  1920,  but 
he  still  lives  rich  in  memories  and  inspiration  to  the  veteran 
cattleman  and  stock  owner. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  145 

A  BELOVED  TEUTON 

54.  One  of  the  rare  souls  found  among  the  commission  men 
during  the  early  days  of  the  development  of  the  commission 
business  at  the  Yards  was  Louis  KEEFER.  He  was  born  July  1, 
1844,  in  Mannheim,  Hesse-Darmstadt,  Germany,  and  came  to 
America  as  a  boy  of  fourteen.  His  only  education  was  received 
in  the  German  schools  as  almost  upon  his  arrival  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, he  began  trading,  first  from  a  pack  on  his  back  and  later 
in  livestock.  His  original  location  was  in  Allegheny,  but  in 
1863  he  proceeded  to  Pittsburg,  and  began  buying  stock 
throughout  eastern  Ohio  to  ship  to  the  Pittsburg  market.  In 
1873  he  came  west  to  Chicago,  and  entered  into  partnership 
with  LEVI  B.  DOUD  in  the  commission  firm  of  DOUD  &  KEEFER. 
Shipment  of  live  cattle  and  sheep  to  England  was  coming  intOi 
its  own  at  that  time,  an4  the  young  firm  became  one  of  the 
largest  exporters.  Their  various  interests  grew  so  that  in  the 
early  nineties  they  were  buying  more  cattle  than  any  single 
packer  operating  on  the  Chicago  market.  MR.  KEEFER  became 
a  large  farm  owner  in  his  later  years,  having  one  holding  at 
Oregon,  111.,  and  another  in  Mason  Co.,  111.,  along  the  Sanga- 
mon  river.  He  fed  cattle  extensively  at  various  distilleries, 
particularly  at  Pekin  and  Peoria,  handling  as  many  as  10,000 
to  12,000  head  a  year.  He  married  in  1869  and  was  the  father 
of  nine  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living.  He  was  succeeded 
in  his  business  by  his  sons,  EDWARD  T.  KEEFER  and  ARTHUR 
KEEFER.  MR.  Louis  KEEFER  died  Aug.  19,  1916. 

He  was  a  kindly  man  of  the  quiet  affectionate  disposition  that 
loved  everyone  and  instinctively  forced  everyone  to  love  him. 


146  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Charitable  to  a  high  degree,  every  worthy  cause  presented  to 
him  enlisted  his  support.  More  perfectly  than  any  modern,  he 
represented  the  type  of  German  that  our  prewar  literature  ideal- 
ized, the  kind  that  was  absolutely  incompatible  with  the  deeds 
of  the  early  war.  His  optimism,  his  good  nature,  and  his  cheery 
example  made  his  death  particularly  touching  to  his  friends 
and  business  associates. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  147 

A  BERKSHIRE  BARON 

55.  The  development  of  swine  interests  at  the  International 
Livestock  Show  laid  almost  exclusively  during  the  first 
seventeen  exhibitions  in  the  hands  of  MR.  ANDREW  J.  LOVEJOY, 
charter  member  of  the  International  Association  and  one  time 
president.  He  was  born  December  5,  1844,  and  reared  on  River- 
side Farm,  flanking  the  little  Rock  River,  near  Roscoe,  111.  Of 
robust  frame,  he  spent  his  early  years  on  the  farm  and  assisted 
his  father  in  the  agricultural  operations  then  customary  in 
Winnebago.  When  twenty-one  years  of  age,  he  went  to  Chicago 
where  he  obtained  employment  as  a  driver  of  a  notion  wagon. 
This  outfit  soon  developed  into  a  huge  four  horse  truck  from 
which  he  did  a  prosperous  business  across  northern  Illinois. 
While  on  the  road  he  found  plenty  of  opportunity  to  think  about 
farming  and  rural  problems,  so  when  he  became  connected  with 
a  wholesale  drygoods  concern  in  Chicago,  he  laid  away  from 
his  savings  the  money  with  which  to  buy  the  family  home.  As  he 
was  possessed  of  a  keen  eye  for  those  characteristics  that  denote 
strong  breeding,  he  chose  the  Berkshire  for  his  chief  breed  on 
the  farm,  and  purchased  a  boar  and  sow  as  foundations,  for 
$50.  He  advertised  extensively  and  succeeded  in  developing 
breeding  animals  that  justified  the  claims  of  his  advertisements. 
In  the  early  years  of  the  International  he  made  consistently 
strong  shows,  winning  the  grand  championship  in  1901  on  his 
boar  Combination.  This  winning  gave  him  a  reputation  that 
attracted  a  numerous  clientele  of  buyers  to  his  farm.  He  was 
selected  by  showyard  managers  to  judge  swine,  and  breeders' 
and  farmers'  organizations  chose  him  to  address  their  meetings. 
He  became  a  contributor  to  the  farm  journals  and  a  valued 
lecturer  before  agricultural  college  students.  In  1902  his  annual 
auction  developed  an  average  of  $107.75  per  head,  at  that  time 
the  highest  average  ever  attained  by  the  breed. 


148  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

In  this  same  year,  MR.  LOVEJOY  secured  the  boar  Masterpiece, 
bred  by  MR.  BERRY  of  Kansas,  and  made  a  strong  show  with 
him  at  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition.  He  was  sold  for 
$2,500,  a  record  price  for  a  representative  of  the  breed.  In 
1907  he  sold  one  of  his  sons,  Star  Masterpiece,  to  MR.  W.  S. 
CORSA  at  public  auction  for  $5,500.  Following  the  Lees  and 
Longfellows  of  MR.  GENTRY'S  breeding,  the  Masterpiece  blood 
was  the  first  great  new  contribution. 

MR.  LOVEJOY  was  a  member  of  the  48th  General  Assembly 
of  Illinois,  and  under  GOVERNOR  YATES'  administration,  was 
State  Game  Warden  for  four  years.  He  was  appointed  to  the 
Illinois  State  Board  of  Agriculture  at  about  the  same  period, 
a  position  which  he  retained  until  his  death,  November  19,  1919. 
From  a  local  reputation,  MR.  LOVEJOY  grew  until  he  was  known 
throughout  the  entire  country.  He  was  recognized  and  esteemed 
as  a  leader  in  his  profession  and  his  personal  ability  and 
breadth  of  acquaintance  made  him  a  notable  figure  among  the 
swine  growers  of  America. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  149 

HEADS  OF  A  CATTLE  HOUSE 

56-57.  The  firm  of  INGWERSEN  BROS.,  founded  their  business 
on  a  widespread  acquaintance  among  the  German  settlers  of 
eastern  and  central  Iowa,  gained  in  the  pre-Civil  War  days. 
The  two  brothers  were  born  at  Hattstadt,  Schleswig-Holstein, 
Germany;  HENRY  C.  (57)  on  May  2,  1829,  and  CHARLES  H. 
(56)  on  July  19,  1836.  The  entire  family  came  to  America  in 
1852,  settling  in  Clinton  Co.,  Iowa,  just  west  of  the  town  of 
Clinton.  As  they  grew  into  manhood  they  started  in  the  farm- 
ing business  together,  feeding  cattle  and  hogs,  and  buying  live- 
stock on  the  side.  In  1870  and  1871,  MR.  C.  H.  INGWERSEN  was 
sheriff  of  Clinton  Co.,  having  previous  to  that  time  been  a 
county  supervisor. 

In  1872,  some  bad  buys  of  livestock  made  it  expedient  for 
them  to  close  out  their  Clinton  interests,  and  they  proceeded  to 
Chicago  where  they  started  a  straight  commission  business.  In 
1873  a  permanent  partnership  was  formed,  which  business  was 
maintained  until  their  retirement  in  1901.  During  this  time  they 
had  built  up  a  clientele  of  consignors  that  gave  them  a  most 
loyal  annual  support.  In  1919  there  still  remained  about  a 
dozen  of  the  original  customers  who  shipped  to  them  in  1872. 
An  Iowa  feeder  by  the  name  of  HARRINGTON  not  only  has 
shipped  to  them  or  their  successors  every  year,  but  in  addition, 
has  never  shipped  a  carload  of  livestock  elsewhere.  About  7,000 
carloads  of  livestock  were  handled  annually  by  this  firm  at  the 
height  of  its  career. 

In  1895  they  became  financially  interested  in  the  Iowa  Pack- 
ing Co.,  of  Sabula,  and  later  Clinton,  Iowa.  The  earnings  of 
the  commission  business  were  completely  absorbed  in  order  to 
maintain  the  packing  interest  and  in  1900  they  sold  their  stock 
in  this  venture.  The  following  year  the  two  brothers  decided 
to  retire,  and  their  sons  bought  out  their  business  and  the  busi- 


150  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

ness  of  ROSENBAUM  BROS.  &  Co.,  and  have  since  conducted  the 
two  as  one  organization. 

Following  retirement,  HENRY  C.  INGWERSEN  returned  to  his 
old  home  at  Clinton,  where  he  remained  until  his  death  in  1907. 
CHARLES  INGWERSEN,  on  the  other  hand,  remained,  in  Chicago, 
but  on  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1910,  his  body  was  taken 
to  Lyons,  a  suburb  of  Clinton,  for  interment. 

The  political  affiliations  of  the  two  INGWERSENS  were  always 
a  matter  of  considerable  interest  to  the  commission  men  of 
Packingtown.  When  they  first  came  to  America  they  were 
staunch  Republicans,  but  in  the  early  70's  turned  Democrats. 
However,  they  were  again  Republicans  in  1896  and  voted  for 
McKlNLEY,  but  in  the  following  years  turned  to  the  Democratic 
ticket  A  fruitful  cause  for  small  wagers  among  the  old  timers 
was  to  bet  on  the  party  affiliations  of  the  INGWERSENS  as  each 
new  election  came  up,  and  one  friend  good  naturedly  remarked 
that  "it  was  unfortunate  that  they  died  before  they  could  per- 
manently decide  whether  they  were  Democrats  or  Republicans." 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  151 

A  MONARCH  OF  THE  FEEDLOT 

58.  The  most  extensive  maker  of  beef  and  mutton  America 
has  ever  produced,  was  T.  B.  HORD  of  Central  City,  Nebr.  His 
grasslands  covered  some  20,000  acres  in  the  richest  section  of 
the  Cornhusker  state,  and  he  annually  marketed  between  10,000 
and  15,000  cattle,  a  similar  number  of  sheep  and  over  10,000 
hogs.  Whole  trainloads  of  Central  City  cattle  were  picked  up 
on  his  switches,  which  lined  the  Union  Pacific  for  many  miles. 
Each  of  his  eleven  separate  feeding  stations  turned  out  more 
livestock  in  a  year  than  were  finished  by  the  average  of  the  big 
Nebraska  feeders.  MR.  HORD  was  a  daring  operator,  frequently 
being  a  heavy  loser.  More  than  once  he  faced  financial  disaster, 
but  he  never  faltered.  His  maxim  for  pertinacity  was,  "A  man 
is  never  whipped  until  he's  whipped  inside."  This  combined 
with  his  second  maxim,  never  to  "make  the  same  mistake  twice," 
made  him  almost  invincible. 

T.  B.  HORD  was  born  at  Marion,  Ohio,  June  15,  1850,  and 
after  a  life  of  gigantic  achievements,  suddenly  nipped  by  paraly- 
sis, he  was  there  interred  following  his  demise  in  Minneapolis, 
December  15,  1910.  The  day  before  his  death  he  had  left 
Central  City  to  seek  a  noted  Northwest  specialist  on  nervous 
disturbances  and  paralytic  strokes. 

MR.  HORD  afforded  the  greatest  single  market  for  grain  and 
hay  in  the  central  west.  Annually  such  enormous  quantities  as 
10,000  tons  of  hay  and  1,000,000  bushels  of  corn  were  fed  in 
his  yards.  Of  this  amount  only  5,000  tons  of  hay  and  75,000 
bushels  of  corn  were  produced  by  him  and  the  remainder  had 
to  be  purchased.  His  demands  made  a  lucrative  business  for 
several  grain  dealers  and  elevator  operators,  but  having  become 
established,  they  made  the  mistake  of  trying  to  crowd  prices  on 
him  too  conceitedly,  and  he  secured  the  capital,  not  only  to  buy 
them  out,  but  to  obtain  a  string  of  elevators  all  across  Nebraska 
and  Iowa  on  the  main  trunk  lines. 


152  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

The  outdoor  method  of  feeding  was  adopted  by  MR.  HORD 
as  a  permanent  policy.  His  feed  lots  held  from  200  to  300 
cattle,  being  ten  to  fifteen  acres  in  area.  In  the  center  of  each 
lot  was  a  house  to  shelter  the  swine  that  followed  each  group 
of  steers,  but  the  cattle  themselves  had  only  a  wind  break  on 
the  north  and  west,  usually  a  board  fence  or  a  line  of  straw- 
stacks.  Overflow  water  from  the  cattle  tanks  was  piped  to  the 
hog  troughs  and  great  racks  capable  of  handling  a  two  days' 
supply  of  roughage  were  placed  on  the  west  side  of  the  lots 
for  additional  shelter.  Practically  no  summer  feeding  was  done, 
and  each  spring,  as  a  sanitary  precaution,  the  lots  were  plowed, 
planted  to  corn  and  thoroughly  tilled,  to  make  them  clean  for 
the  following  feeding  period. 

Only  mature  cattle  were  handled,  MR.  HORD'S  ideal  being  the 
three-year-old.  In  order  to  make  as  certain  of  this  as  possible, 
no  cattle  were  put  in  his  lots  that  weighed  under  1,000  pounds. 
On  December  31,  1904,  he  had  18,000  such  steers  in  his  lots, 
with  a  few  hundred  additional  that  were  under  that  weight 
which  ran  as  stackers.  Large  numbers  of  plain  steers  were  pur- 
chased at  around  three  cents  a  pound,  and  he  obtained  a  spread 
of  three  to  three  and  a  half  cents  in  marketing.  He  began  cut- 
ting his  cattle  when  they  had  been  on  feed  ninety  days,  market- 
ing those  with  sufficient  flesh  on  them,  and  he  cut  again  in  120 
to  150  -days,  closing  all  out  at  six  months.  Yet  his  cattle  always 
came  to  the  market  finished,  he  never  believed  in  the  warming- 
up  process.  So  uniform  was  his  product  that  whole  trainloads 
run  through  to  Chicago,  were  often  sold  on  their  reputation 
before  they  reached  the  market. 

MR.  HORD  based  his  success  in  feeding  -operations  on  doing 
exactly  the  opposite  of  what  the  run  of  feeders  did.  If  they 
bought  and  fed  lightly,  he  would  plunge  heavily;  when  they 
indulged  he  abstained.  He  was  a  notable  judge  of  men,  picking 
highly  trustworthy  associates  and  employees.  He  believed  in 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  153 

the  profit  sharing  plan  for  those  who  worked  with  him,  and  he 
frequently  indulged  his  generous  inclinations  to  an  extent  that 
embarrassed  him  considerably.  He  was  extraordinarily  abhor- 
rent of  business  controversies  and  made  most  liberal  settlements. 
He  donated  large  sums  of  money  to  the  development  of  Central 
City,  sharing  the  expense  of  all  its  improvements.  At  the  Chi- 
cago market  his  affable  approachability  made  him  exceedingly 
popular.  MR.  HORD  left  Nebraska  immeasurably  the  richer  for 
his  residence  there,  his  memory  will  long  be  green  in  the  minds 
of  those  privileged  to  know  and  work  with  him. 


154  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  SCOTCH  DODDIE  AND  NO  SURRENDER 

59.  Few  breeders  of  today  can  realize  the  personal  courage 
and  integrity  of  purpose  necessary  among  the  promoters  of  the 
newer  breeds  of  cattle,  to  stem  the  tide  of  popular  opposition 
from  the  aggressive  Shorthorn  supporters  of  the  earlier  days. 
Even  more  difficult  is  it  to  understand  the  anathema  attached 
to  any  man  who  at  that  time  would  depart  from  the  Shorthorn 
fold  to  worship  new  idols.  A  man  of  such  courage  and  clarity 
of  purpose  was  BLANFORD  R.  PIERCE  of  Creston,  Illinois.  MR. 
PIERCE  was  bred  and  reared  on  an  Oneida  county  farm,  his 
birth  being  March  11,  1832,  at  Groton,  New  York.  In  early 
life  he  and  his  brother  learned  to  break  and  to  show  oxen  at 
the  county  fairs.  With  the  characteristic  adaptability  of  the 
men  of  his  day,  when  he  came  to  Illinois  in  1857  he  taught 
school  near  his  farm  in  the  winter  and  did  carpenter  work  in 
the  summer.  From  this  humble  beginning  he  became  a  buyer 
and  shipper  of  grain  and  livestock  to  Chicago,  and  at  the  time 
of  the  big  Chicago  fire  suffered  severe  monetary  loss  from  the 
burning  of  many  carloads  of  corn  and  wheat.  In  keeping  with 
the  practice  of  many  another  Illinois  pioneer,  he  early  adopted 
a  policy  of  land  extension,  and  little  by  little  acquired  the 
acreage  that  now  makes  up  Woodlawn  Farm.  MR.  PIERCE  was 
a  typical  livestock  farmer;  he  left  the  land  richer  than  he  found 
it,  and  he  turned  to  all  classes  of  livestock  to  obtain  his  results. 
He  was  very  successful  with  the  horses  and  hogs,  but  was  not 
a  proponent  of  dairying.  He  never  kept  but  one  milk  cow,  and 
family  tradition  records  that  one  to  be  so  excellent  that  its  full 
span  of  years  were  spent  on  Woodlawn  farm. 

Until  1881  MR.  PIERCE  was  a  breeder  of  Shorthorns,  but  in 
this  year  he  switched  his  allegiance  to  the  then  little  known 
breed  of  Aberdeen-Angus.  He  sought  many  of  the  recent  impor- 
tations, and  purchased  about  two  carloads  in  Canada  from  the 
COCHRANE  and  MOSSOM  BOYD  herds.  His  great  ambition  was 


B.    R.    PIERCE 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  155 

to  get  the  best  bulls  of  the  breed,  regardless  of  price,  and  these 
he  obtained  as  fast  as  the  opportunities  arose.  Prominent  in 
his  pedigrees  appear  the  names  of  Wellington,  Moon  Eclipser, 
and  Prince  Ito,  the  latter  purchased  at  $9,100.  From  these 
great  sires  and  their  descendants  his  success  was  easy,  and  in 
1898  he  formed  a  partnership  with  his  son  which  lasted  a  period 
of  eight  years. 

In  1893  MR.  PIERCE  had  moved  to  Chicago  and  Woodlawn 
had  participated  actively  in  the  Columbian  show.  When  the 
new  International  Livestock  Show  was  conceived,  MR.  PIERCE 
was  one  of  the  first  and  most  ambitious  of  its  supporters.  In 
every  way  possible  he  backed  the  undertaking,  by  taking  out 
his  life  membership  in  the  International  association,  by  pre- 
paring a  show  herd  himself,  and  by  encouraging  his  friends 
in  the  most  optimistic  terms  to  support  it.  While  the  show 
plans  were  still  embryonic  he  was  asked  by  MRS.  GOODALL,  then 
editor  of  the  Drovers  Journal,  to  what  cause  she  should  devote 
the  beautiful  loving  cup  her  paper  was  offering.  With  his  eye 
to  the  ultimate  market  demand,  he  quickly  told  her  to  offer  it 
for  the  champion  steer.  Little  did  he  suspect  at  the  time  that 
his  own  steer  Advance  would  be  the  winner  of  this  trophy,  and 
he  was  hectored  good  naturedly  about  it  for  several  years  there- 
after. 

In  1906  the  dispersion  sale  of  Woodlawn  herd  was  held  to 
permit  the  settlement  of  the  partnership.  The  success  was  phe- 
nomenal and  when  the  checks  were  drawn,  MR.  PIERCE  pro- 
nounced his  breeding  venture  by  all  odds  both  the  pleasantest 
and  most  profitable  eight  years  of  his  life.  As  a  judge  of  beef 
cattle,  particularly  Aberdeen-Angus,  MR.  PIERCE  was  without 
peer.  He  excelled  in  the  selection  of  "diamonds  in  the  rough" 
and  more  than  once  surprised  his  son  by  telling  of  the  prices 
paid  for  a  particular  load  of  cattle.  His  judgment  in  the  case 
of  Blackbird  13th  was  particularly  striking,  and  when  her  first 


156  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

three  sons,  Black  King  of  Woodlawn,  Woodlawn,  and  Black 
Woodlawn,  won  breed  championships,  one  could  appreciate  his 
uncanny  sagacity  in  female  selection.  Similarly  he  bought  the 
unfinished  Blackbird  Lassie,  dam  of  the  1899  Trans-Mississippi 
champion,  Lord  Woodlawn,  while  the  grand-dam  of  his  cham- 
pion steer,  Advance,  was  obtained  in  the  roughest  of  condition. 
Woodlawn  cattle  exerted  a  powerful  influence  on  Mississippi 
Valley  herds,  and  MR.  PIERCE'S  contribution  and  foresight  in 
emphasizing  the  block  test  did  much  to  carry  the  Aberdeen- 
Angus  to  its  present  stage  of  popularity.  His  death  occurred 
in  Chicago,  March  29,  1909. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  157 

A  FOUNDER  OF  HEREFORD  FORTUNES 

60.  High  upon  the  roll  of  those  superlative  men  who  assumed 
the  task  of  upbuilding  American  agriculture  following  the  Civil 
War  is  written  the  name  of  WILLIAM  S.  VAN  NATTA.  The  prac- 
tical genius,  the  creative  power,  and  the  zest  for  good  blood 
which  characterized  this  Hereford  pioneer  made  him  stand  in 
the  foremost  rank  of  that  coterie  of  devoted  men  who  fought 
the  burdensome  battles  for  breed  recognition  in  the  80's  and 
early  90's.  MR.  VAN  NATTA  loved  good  cattle,  the  producer's 
kind.  The  low  legs,  broad  breasts  and  wealth  of  flesh  of  the 
earliest  white  faces  so  caught  his  fancy  that  following  the  Phila- 
delphia Centennial  he  abandoned  his  old  friends,  the  Dukes  and 
Duchesses,  and  carried  the  Hereford  standard  till  his  own  step 
faltered.  During  his  thirty  odd  years  of  allegiance  he  con- 
tributed of  his  energy  and  finances  to  the  fullest,  with  a  tena- 
cious pluck  and  a  rugged  honesty  that  brooked  no  adversity. 

WILLIAM  S.  VAN  NATTA  was  prairie-bred,  first  seeing  the 
greens  of  Indiana  blue  grass  from  a  log  cabin  window,  Sep- 
tember 27,  1830.  His  childhood  earned  him  a  perfect  self- 
reliance,  an4  he  grew  up  in  the  atmosphere  of  the  stocker  range 
and  feeder  pen.  In  his  earlier  manhood  he  made  a  number  of 
trips  into  the  Panhandle  and  the  old  "Texas  long-horn"  country, 
and  there  gained  an  appreciation  of  western  problems  that  made 
him  an  invaluable  contributor  to  the  animals  destined  to  domi- 
nate the  short  grass  areas. 

In  the  fall  of  1876  he  entered  partnership  with  a  banker, 
MOSES  W.  FOWLER,  La  Fayette,  Ind.,  and  secured  in  New  Mexico 
a  shipment  of  1,500  steers  for  MR.  FOWLER'S  25,000  acre  farm 
in  Benton  Co.  From  handling  them  he  became  impressed  with 
the  necessity  for  early  maturity  and  quick  finish  in  the  face  of 
rising  feed  stuff  prices.  In  1878  he  purchased  a  Hereford  bull 
from  ROBERT  SAMPLE  and  the  following  year  about  thirty  young 
cows  and  heifers  from  T.  L.  MILLER.  One  of  these  was  Viola, 


158  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

his  first  winning  show  cow,  and  the  dam  of  his  champion  Viola 
4th,  while  another  was  Princess,  dam  of  his  immortal  Fowler. 

During  1879  he  also  imported  a  few  cows  and  a  bull  in  con- 
nection with  EARL  &  STEWART.  The  bull  proved  unsatisfactory 
so  he  journeyed  to  Maine  to  secure  BURLEICH  &  BODWELL'S 
Tregrehan,  the  foundation  of  MR.  VAN  NATTA'S  success.  In 
1886  he  participated  in  the  famous  "white-face  invasion"  of 
Kentucky  with  Tregrehan's  son  Fowler,  out  of  his  original  Prin- 
cess, as  head  of  the  herd.  Fowler  was  an  extremely  well  bal- 
anced animal  and  had  an  exceptional  show  career.  His  blood 
proved  a  powerful  factor  in  the  upbuilding  of  MR.  VAN  NATTA'S 
herds  and  was  doubled  back  and  forth  in  numerous  pedigrees. 

The  VAN  NATTA  triumph  came  at  the  Louisiana  Purchase 
Exposition  where  his  aged  bull,  Prime  Lad,  and  his  aged  cow, 
Lorna  Doone,  both  won  championships.  His  closing  years  saw 
a  similar  pair  of  champions,  from  Prime  Lad's  loins,  sweep  the 
circuits  of  1908  and  1909,  Prime  Lad  9th  and  Margaret.  His 
death  occurred  May  26,  1911. 

MR.  SANDERS  (12)  pays  tribute  to  the  dogged  persistency  of 
MR.  VAN  NATTA  during  the  days  of  the  inter-breed  conflicts  bv  a 
fitting  comparison  to  GENERAL  GRANT.  "WM.  S.  VAN  NATTA 
became  convinced  in  the  early  70's  that  the  'white  faces'  were 
the  best  beef  cattle  of  the  day,  and  in  their  cause  he  enlisted, 
not  for  'ninety  days,'  but  'for  the  war';  and  upon  that  line  he 
fought  it  out  to  a  finish  that  not  only  brought  fame  to  himself, 
but  honor  to  the  Hereford  name." 


W.    S.    VAN    NATTA 


OF   THE   SADDLE   AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  159 

A  HEREFORD  SHOWYARD  GENERAL 

61.  Almost  the  sole  survivor  of  that  earnest  hard  working 
band  that  carried  the  standard  of  the  Hereford  to  recognition 
and  victory  in  the  bitter  breed  battles  of  the  80's  and  early  90's, 
is  THOMAS  CLARK.  MR.  CLARK  was  born  at  Didley,  Hereford- 
shire, August  28,  1842,  and  from  the  time  he  could  take  his 
first  steps,  was  intimately  connected  with  the  creation  and  prog- 
ress of  the  whitefaced  breed.  His  father  had  also  been  identi- 
fied with  Herefords,  and  his  grandfather,  WALTER  CLARK,  was 
one  of  the  pioneer  improvers  of  over  a  century  ago,  breeding 
his  cow  stock  himself,  and  securing  his  sires  from  the  elder 
TOMPKINS,  GALLIERS  and  HEWER. 

THOMAS  CLARK  came  to  America  in  1866,  possessed  only  of 
the  parcel  that  he  carried.  He  landed  in  New  York,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  a  farm  in  Ohio  where  he  worked  for  about  ten  weeks. 
He  then  obtained  a  position  with  a  Cleveland  butcher  by  the 
name  of  PROBERT,  with  whom  he  worked  for  three  years.  Fol- 
lowing this,  he  began  butchering  for  himself  at  Elyria,  Ohio, 
conducting  farming  operations  at  the  same  time.  After  two 
years,  however,  he  found  it  difficult  to  make  the  interests  of  the 
two  businesses  coincide,  hence  he  abandoned  his  dressed  beef 
trade.  He  secured  his  first  Herefords  in  1869,  three  imported 
cows,  well  advanced  in  calf  that  were  brought  over  by  HUMPHREY 
&  ASTON.  A  few  months  later  he  went  to  Guelph,  Canada,  where 
he  secured  a  bull  called  Sir  Arthur  from  F.  W.  STONE. 

In  1877  he  came  to  Illinois  where  he  located  at  Beecher,  in 
the  neighborhood  of  MR.  T.  L.  MILLER,  already  a  Hereford 
pioneer.  MR.  CLARK  drove  across  the  country  with  him  his 
little  band  of  purebreds  which  at  that  time  numbered  about 
twenty-five.  Three  years  later  in  partnership  with  MR.  MILLER, 
he  shipped  two  carloads  of  Herefords  west  to  Cheyenne  in  order 
to  introduce  them  to  the  range.  The  work  was  of  a  distinct 
pioneer  nature,  and  the  cattlemen  were  either  doubtful  or  skep- 


160  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

tical.  It  required  two  years  to  sell  them,  the  bulk  of  them  going 
to  the  Swan  Land  &  Cattle  Co.  This  shipment,  however,  broke 
the  ice  and  in  later  years  MR.  CLARK  shipped  large  numbers  of 
purebred  bulls  into  the  Cheyenne  and  Montana  districts.  Later 
he  went  after  the  southwestern  trade  and  sold  many  animals 
into  Kansas,  the  Panhandle  and  New  Mexico. 

His  showyard  record  began  in  1869  in  Ohio  and  Pennsyl- 
vania. In  1876  he  showed  his  herd  at  the  Michigan  State  Fair, 
meeting  all  the  good  Canadian  Shorthorns.  Under  the  adjudi- 
cation of  JOHN  MILLER  (114)  he  received  first  prize  on  his  herd 
over  all  competition.  His  first  show  in  Illinois  was  the  county 
fair  at  Freeport  in  1877.  At  this  time  his  herd  only  numbered 
about  twenty-five  head,  but  he  husbanded  its  resources  care- 
fully, until  at  the  heighth  of  his  operations,  he  possessed  about 
150  purebred  animals.  His  last  year  in  the  showring  with  any 
considerable  number  of  animals  was  1902,  although  at  intervals 
since  then  he  has  shown  one  or  two  individuals.  MR.  CLARK 
was  the  first  man  to  sell  a  Hereford  bull  at  public  auction,  to 
realize  as  large  a  sum  as  $9,000.  This  was  secured  for  the  bull 
Perfection,  shortly  after  he  won  at  the  1901  International. 

In  August,  1877,  the  American  Hereford  Herd  Book  was 
established  under  the  direction  of  MR.  T.  L.  MILLER,  at  Beecher, 
111.  THOMAS  CLARK  contributed  liberally  of  his  time  and  infor- 
mation to  the  production  of  Volume  I,  and  on  its  publication 
in  1880  succeeded  personally  in  attracting  new  breeders  to  the 
Hereford  standard.  About  this  time  breeders  of  Herefords 
declared  war  to  the  knife  on  the  Shorthorns,  and  made  exten- 
sive and  organized  plans  to  clean  up  the  championships  at  the 
Lake  Front  Show.  Numbers  of  breeders  made  enthusiastic  prom- 
ises to  steer  a  large  number  of  their  best  bull  calves,  following 
MR.  CLARK'S  admonition  that  the  "gentlemen  would  do  well  to 
bear  in  mind  that  if  they  wanted  good  steers  they  must  alter 
good  calves."  In  1881  MR.  CLARK  imported  for  EARL  &  STUART 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN  CLUB  161 

the  extraordinary  two-year-old  steer  called  Wabash.  In  1882 
this  steer  won  the  two-year-old  championship,  but  was  unable 
to  go  to  the  top  of  the  show.  As  a  breeder  and  promoter,  few 
men  have  had  a  more  vital  influence  on  their  chosen  breed,  or 
have  lived  to  see  as  secure  a  success  as  MR.  CLARK  has  achieved 
with  and  for  the  Hereford.  From  the  start  of  the  Internationa  J, 
he  has  been  prominent  in  cattle  circles,  both  as  an  exhibitor  and 
a  director.  Of  recent  years  he  has  been  one  of  the  two  super- 
intendents of  the  cattle  department,  paying  particular  attention 
to  steers  and  his  own  breed,  and  he  has  succeeded  in  making 
the  steer  contest  without  parallel  in  the  world. 


162  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

FROM  BARNSTABLE  BUTCHER  TO  WORLD  MEAT 

MERCHANT 

62.  One  of  the  pioneers  of  Packingtown  was  GUSTAVUS 
FRANKLIN  SWIFT.  Of  English  descent  from  the  earliest  Colonial 
times,  MR.  SWIFT'S  birthplace  was  at  West  Sandwich,  Mass.,  out 
on  Cape  Cod.  He  was  born  June  24,  1839,  the  grandson  of 
CAPTAIN  WILLIAM  SWIFT,  a  figure  in  both  the  Revolutionary  war 
and  the  war  of  1812.  Through  his  mother  he  traced  to  ELDER 
WILLIAM  BREWSTER  of  the  original  Plymouth  colony,  and  to 
THOMAS  PRINCE,  second  Governor  of  Massachusetts.  MR.  SWIFT 
came  of  a  large  family,  eight  boys  and  four  girls,  and  early 
decided  to  relieve  the  home  pressure  by  taking  up  an  occupa- 
tion other  than  the  parental  one.  He  took  the  step  which  con- 
trolled the  trend  of  his  later  years  by  obtaining  employment 
with  the  town  butcher  of  Sandwich.  After  mastering  the  details 
of  the  business,  he  opened  a  retail  butcher  shop  at  Barnstable, 
Mass.,  in  1862,  and  within  a  few  months  established  a  small 
slaughter  house.  His  success  was  such  that  in  1869  he  went  to 
Brighton,  a  suburb  of  Boston,  at  that  time  the  principal  live- 
stock market  in  New  England,  and  in  1872  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  JAMES  A.  HATHAWAY.  The  new  firm  prospered  and 
the  headquarters  were  moved  to  Albany,  New  York,  MR.  SWIFT 
making  regular  visits  to  the  Chicago  and  Buffalo  cattle  markets, 
where  he  was  a  large  but  conservative  buyer.  In  1875,  HATHA- 
WAY and  SWIFT  transferred  their  operations  to  Chicago  and 
embarked  in  the  business  of  buying  and  shipping  cattle.  Two 
years  later,  MR.  SWIFT  began  to  slaughter  cattle  at  the  Union 
Stockyards,  and  with  the  advent  of  cold  weather,  shipped  his 
first  dressed  beef  in  ordinary  box  cars  from  Chicago  to  the 
eastern  markets.  The  economy  of  this  method  so  impressed 
him  that  he  began  to  experiment  with  a  refrigerator  on  wheels, 
recognizing  its  possibilities  in  the  opening  of  new  and  expan- 
sive markets.  After  considerable  pioneer  work  that  drew  heav- 
ily on  his  limited  capital,  he  sent  the  first  car  of  perfectly 


GUSTAVUS   FRANKLIN   SWIFT 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  163 

refrigerated  dressed  beef  to  New  England,  to  arrive  Thanks- 
giving morning,  1878.  At  this  time  the  partnership  with  MR. 
HATHAWAY  was  dissolved  and  his  brother,  EDWIN  C.  SWIFT,  came 
in  with  him  to  organize  the  firm  of  SWIFT  BROS.  &  Co. 

The  business  of  the  new  firm  grew  rapidly,  its  market  extended 
throughout  the  entire  United  States  and  even  to  Europe.  In 
1885,  the  firm  was  incorporated  under  the  name  of  SWIFT  & 
COMPANY,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $300,000  and  MR.  SWIFT  was 
made  president.  At  the  time  of  the  incorporation  the  company 
employed  some  1,600  men,  but  under  his  management  it  grew 
until  approximately  40,000  were  employed  at  the  time  of  his 
death  in  1903.  Today  the  principal  plants  of  SWIFT  &  COMPANY, 
in  eleven  large  cities  occupy  nearly  318  acres,  and  the  total  num- 
bers of  employees  exceeds  60,000.  The  capital  stock  has  increased 
to  $150,000,000  and  the  distributed  sales  for  1918  were  above 
one  and  one-fifth  billions.  MR.  SWIFT  made  several  trips  to 
England  to  overcome  the  prejudice  against  western  dressed  beef, 
a  prejudice  that  was  partially  mitigated  by  the  disease  dangers 
in  the  influx  of  live  cattle. 

The  new  master  of  the  packing  trade  kept  in  close  touch  with 
the  branch  houses  of  his  business,  and  was  familiar  with  prac- 
tically every  detail.  He  was  a  firm  believer  in  quality  and  con- 
stantly endeavored  to  produce  the  best  in  all  his  various  prod- 
ucts. He  was  quick  to  take  advantage  of  any  new  idea  that 
could  be  applied  to  his  business  and  continually  studied  scien- 
tific methods  of  utilizing  wastes  and  developing  byproducts. 
Economy  in  operation  and  the  development  of  mechanical 
refrigeration  were  the  two  principal  factors  contributing  to 
SWIFT  &  COMPANY'S  success.  MR.  SWIFT  became  heavily  inter- 
terested  in  many  other  firms  and  corporations  in  all  parts  of 
the  United  States,  and  took  an  active  part  in  numerous  public 
and  benevolent  activities  within  Chicago.  He  was  the  father  of 
eleven  children  and  was  succeeded  by  his  sons,  Louis  F.  SWIFT 
as  President,  and  EDWARD  F.  SWIFT  as  Vice  President  of  the 
company. 


164  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  GENIUS  OF  MARKET  ORGANIZATION 

63.  EDWARD  TILDEN,  packer  and  banker,  was  born  at  Utica, 
N.  Y.,  June  17,  1855.  While  still  a  babe  his  family  moved  to 
Wisconsin  and  his  public  school  education  was  received  at  Del- 
avan.  His  introduction  to  business  occurred  in  the  same  town, 
where  he  became  a  clerk  and  bookkeeper  in  a  general  store.  He 
then  spent  two  years  in  Toronto,  Canada,  but  when  he  had 
acquired  facility  in  bookkeeping  he  was  offered  a  position  with 
BRINTNALL,  LAMB  &  Co.,  wholesale  hardware  dealers  of  Chicago. 
As  his  acquaintanceship  widened,  his  opportunities  multiplied, 
and  in  1883  he  became  general  bookkeeper  and  five  years  later 
assistant  cashier  of  the  Drovers  National  Bank  at  the  Stock- 
/ards.  From  here  he  proceeded  in  1897  to  LIBBY,  McNEiL  & 
LIBBY,  to  become  treasurer  of  their  packing  industry.  In  1903 
he  was  made  president  and  director  of  this  company,  a  position 
he  retained  until  his  death,  February  5,  1915.  He  was  appointed 
as  executor  of  the  GUSTAVUS  F.  SWIFT  estate  in  1903,  and  was 
also  made  treasurer  of  the  newly  organized  National  Packing 
Co.  Two  years  later  he  was  made  its  president,  which  office  he 
retained  until  its  dissolution. 

About  1900  he  acquired  an  interest  in  the  St.  Louis  Stock 
Yards  Co.,  and  was  made  a  director.  About  the  same  time  he 
was  elected  treasurer  and  director  of  the  Sioux  City  Stock  Yards 
Co.,  and  in  1907  he  was  made  president  of  the  Denver  Stock 
Yards  Co.,  a  position  he  he!4  until  1915.  MR.  TILDEN  main- 
tained a  large  farm  at  his  boyhood  home  and  frequently  enter- 
tained the  employees  of  the  packing  plant  there.  On  one  occa- 
sion he  furnished  entertainment  for  7,000. 

For  several  years  he  was  very  active  in  politics  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Chicago  School  Board  from  1900  to  1906,  being 
its  president  the  last  year.  He  was  school  treasurer  for  Hyde 
Park  and  Lake  for  several  years  prior  to  its  annexation  to 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  165 

Chicago.  He  was  a  commissioner  of  the  South  Park  Board  from 
1910  until  the  date  of  his  death. 

In  1883  he  first  organized  the  firm  of  EDWARD  TILDEN  &  Co., 
as  investment  bankers,  and  from  that  time  on  was  more  or  less 
interested  in  the  hanking  business  of  Chicago  and  other  cities. 
He  was  a  large  stockholder  in  the  Fort  Dearborn  National  Bank 
and  the  Drovers  National  Bank  of  Chicago,  and  was  extensively 
interested  in  many  other  industries  of  that  city.  He  was  a 
director  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  and  of  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  &  Western. 

MR.  TILDEN  exercised  a  very  broad  financial  and  political 
influence  throughout  the  Central  West,  but  his  greatest  achieve- 
ment was  the  upbuilding  and  development  of  the  LIBBY,  McNEiL 
&  LIBBY  plant.  He  was  largely  responsible  for  the  variety  of 
its  products,  and  on  several  occasions  saved  the  company  from 
overthrow  and  disintegration  by  bits  of  bold  business  judgment 
and  strong  financiering.  His  death  in  1915  was  a  great  loss  to 
the  packing  and  business  interests  of  Chicago. 


166  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  PIONEER  OF  PACKINGTOWN 

65.  The  first  packing  business  in  Chicago  was  operated  by 
the  firm  of  BURT,  HUTCHINSON  &  SNOW,  located  on  Rhodes  St., 
near  Archer  Avenue.  Its  facilities  were  relatively  primitive  in 
the  light  of  those  used  at  the  present  day,  but  on  its  foundations 
was  builded  a  firm,  the  Chicago  Packing  &  Provision  Co.,  that 
at  one  time  was  the  largest  in  America.  The  genius  behind,  the 
organization  of  BURT,  HUTCHINSON  &  SNOW,  was  BENJAMIN 
PETERS  HUTCHINSON. 

MR.  HUTCHINSON  was  born  at  Reading,  Mass.,  February  24, 
1829.  His  early  education  was  received  in  the  New  England 
Public  Schools  and  upon  completion  of  his  course  he  engaged 
for  a  time  in  the  shoe  business  at  Lynn,  Mass.  In  1853  he  came 
to  Chicago,  but  not  finding  the  exact  opportunities  he  desired, 
he  proceeded  to  Milwaukee.  In  1858  he  returned  to  Chicago, 
entering  the  grain  business,  and  within  a  few  months  partici- 
pated with  MESSRS.  BURT  &  SNOW  in  organizing  the  packing 
business  previously  mentioned.  Upon  the  establishment  of  the 
Union  Stockyards  the  firm  took  its  business  there,  and  estab- 
lished the  first  packing  house  at  the  Yards.  In  1872  the  partner- 
ship was  dissolved,  and  the  Chicago  Packing  &  Provision  Co. 
formed  from  it.  This  continued  in  business  until  1885. 

In  1870  MR.  HUTCHINSON  founded  the  Corn  Exchange 
National  Bank,  which  early  developed  into  a  thriving  institu- 
tion. Aside  from  his  banking  and  packing  interests  he  con- 
ducted a  large  business  on  the  Boar4  of  Trade,  where  he  had  a 
notable  career  both  as  a  speculator  and  as  a  shipper  of  grain. 
His  death  occurred  in  Chicago,  March  16,  1899. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  167 

THE  FOUNDER  OF  THE  YARDS 

66.  The  real  originator  of  the  Union  Stock  Yards  as  far  as 
practical  achievement  is  concerned  was  JOHN  SHERMAN.  From 
its  inception  he  was  identified  with  this  industry  and  was  elected 
its  president  in  1866,  a  position  he  occupied  until  succeeded 
by  MR.  JOHN  A.  SPOOR  in  1897.  During  these  years  the  vast 
interests  of  the  Union  Stock  Yard  &  Transit  Co.  were  almost 
entirely  in  his  hands,  and  so  competent  were  his  efforts  and  so 
popular  his  personality,  that  on  his  retirement  a  bust  (142) 
was  presented  the  Club  by  the  commission  men  and  others  more 
or  less  intimately  associated  with  him  during  his  tenure  of  office. 

He  was  born  on  a  farm  near  Beeckman,  Dutchess  Co.,  New 
York,  in  January,  1835.  His  early  education  was  almost 
meagre,  as  he  alternated  his  hours  in  public  school  with  a  posi- 
tion as  clerk  in  a  country  store.  When  the  California  gold  rush 
of  1849  occurred,  he  joined,  one  of  the  New  York  parties  and 
was  among  the  fortunate  ones  to  fill  his  pockets  with  gold.  As 
he  had  married  previous  to  going  west,  his  stay  there  was  not 
long,  and  he  returned  at  the  earliest  opportunity  to  New  York. 
His  trip  across  the  country  had  convinced  him  of  the  great  agri- 
cultural opportunities  of  the  middle  west,  and  shortly  after  his 
return  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Illinois.  He  bought  a 
farm  a  short  distance  out  of  Chicago,  growing  corn  and  feeding 
livestock  for  several  years.  About  1856  he  came  to  Chicago, 
and  was  appointed  to  the  management  of  the  stockyard  operated 
by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  and  also  the 
Merrick  Yards  on  Michigan  Avenue.  At  this  time  each  railroad 
maintained  its  own  market  and  the  advantages  of  a  centralized 
institution  had  not  yet  been  realized. 

In  the  early  60's  MR.  S.  W.  ALLERTON  (67)  and  other  Chicago 
financiers  had  pointed  out  the  necessity  for  a  constant  Chicago 
market,  and  MR.  SHERMAN  in  company  with  MR.  LEDYARD,  then 
president  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  at  Detroit,  pur- 


168  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

chased  the  320  acres  that  were  the  original  site  of  the  Union 
Stockyard,  and  induced  the  other  railroads  to  combine  for  its 
utilization.  After  organizing  its  activities  to  the  widest  degree, 
MR.  SHERMAN  returned  to  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  with  his  family, 
where  he  remained  for  a  period  of  about  two  years.  The  devel- 
opment of  the  stockyards,  however,  required  his  return,  and  he 
came  back  as  general  superintendent,  and  later  president  of  the 
Yards.  In  1897  he  resigned,  but  maintained  his  interest  as  a 
director  until  his  death,  February  25,  1902.  The  growth  of  the 
Yards  was  phenomenal  and  by  the  early  80's  from  8,000  to 
10,000  cattle  a  day  were  handled.  This  made  it  the  largest 
market  in  the  world  at  the  time,  a  prestige  that  has  been  main- 
tained until  the  present  day.  A  large  debt  is  owed  by  the  public 
to  MR.  SHERMAN  for  the  thoroughness  and  foresight  of  his  organ- 
ization. 


JOHN    SHKR.MAX 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  169 

A  GIANT  OF  ILLINOIS'  AGRICULTURAL  INDUSTRIES 

67.  SAMUEL  WATERS  ALLERTON  JR.,  was  one  of  the  pioneers 
in  the  livestock  industry  of  Chicago.  He  was  a  strong  buyer 
of  livestock  in  the  days  previous  to  the  general  market  in  Chi- 
cago, and  shipped  large  numbers  of  animals  to  the  east,  to  New 
York  and  Boston.  MR.  ALLERTON  published  in  the  Chicago 
Tribune  the  first  letter  in  favor  of  organizing  the  Union  Stock 
Yards  and  by  his  efforts  in  founding  the  First  National  Bank 
and  in  developing  the  world's  greatest  livestock  market,  did 
much  toward  making  Chicago  the  financial  center  of  the  west. 

SAMUEL  W.  ALLERTON  JR.,  was  born  May  26,  1828,  at  Amenia, 
Dutchess  Co.,  New  York,  the  youngest  of  nine  children.  At 
seven  years  of  age  due  to  the  destructive  tariff  measures  of  the 
30's,  his  father  was  forced  into  bankruptcy,  and  at  twelve  he 
was  required  to  commence  work  for  himself.  In  1842  the  entire 
family  removed  to  Yates  Co.,  New  York,  where  a  farm  was 
rented.  Young  SAMUEL  worked  with  his  father  until  they  saved 
sufficient  money  to  buy  a  farm  in  Wayne  Co.  He  then  with  his 
brother  HENRY,  rented  a  farm  from  which  they  made  a  profit 
of  $1,500.  They  forthwith  bought  a  small  acreage  jointly  near 
Newark,  for  $4,500,  paying  the  $1,500  profit  down.  His  brother 
went  to  work  on  this  farm  while  he  rented  another,  and  at  the 
end  of  three  years  he  had  saved  $3,200.  He  then  returned  to 
Newark  where  he  worked  with  his  brothers  and  traded  in  live- 
stock in  a  small  way.  Upon  taking  his  purchases  to  New  York 
and  Albany  he  discovered  that  he  knew  as  much  as  the  dealers 
he  met,  he  therefore  told  his  brother  HENRY,  "I  think  my  serv- 
ices are  worth  more  than  $9  a  month,  and  as  we  now  have  the 
farm  paid  for,  and  $3,000  in  money,  you  take  the  farm  and  I 
will  take  the  money."  His  brother  attempted  to  dissuade  him, 
but  seeing  that  he  was  intent  on  trying  the  livestock  trade,  he 
agreed  to  this  settlement.  HENRY'S  parting  advice  to  him  was 


170  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

to  make  a  name  and  character  for  himself,  thereby  being  sure 
to  win. 

The  first  hundred  cattle  MR.  ALLERTON  ever  bought  were  sold 
in  New  York  City  where  the  Fifth  Avenue  Bank  now  stands. 
It  was  the  worst  market  New  York  had  known  in  ten  years,  and 
he  lost  $700.  This  almost  discouraged  him,  but  an  elderly  uncle 
who  had  been  very  successful,  said  to  him,  "Don't  lose  your 
courage,  I  never  found  but  one  dea4  sure  thing,  and  that  was 
hoeing  corn  at  50  cents  a  day.  If  you  make  money  you  must 
sometimes  lose  it,  try  again."  Young  ALLERTON  then  went  to 
Erie.  Rebellious  women  had  burned  the  railroad  bridges 
because  the  trains  would  not  stop  for  dinner,  making  a  break 
in  the  line.  He  bought  100  cattle,  shipped  them  over  the  Erie 
to  New  York,  encountered  a  great  flood,  and  found  the  market 
consequently  short.  This  netted  him  a  profit  of  $3,000  and 
gave  him  new  courage.  He  drifted  to  the  west  and  for  one  year 
fed  and  raised  cattle  in  Illinois.  The  panic  incident  on  the 
failure  of  the  STURGIS  interests  in  Cincinnati,  wiped  out  every- 
thing MR.  ALLERTON  had.  He  became  ill  and  concluded  that 
there  was  something  wrong  with  the  western  climate,  so  took 
an  interest  in  his  brother's  store  in  Newark.  This  form  of  busi- 
ness seemed  too  petty  to  him  after  dealing  on  so  much  larger  a 
scale,  and  the  confinement  made  the  western  climate  seem  very 
desirable  to  him.  He  borrowed  $5,000  and  started  for  the  west, 
proceeding  directly  to  Fulton  Co.,  where  he  traded  a  little,  and 
renewed  his  acquaintance  with  Miss  PAMILLA  W.  THOMPSON, 
daughter  of  A.  C.  THOMPSON,  a  big  cattleman  located  in  that 
county.  In  1860  he  removed  to  Chicago,  and  four  months  later 
they  were  married. 

Believing  that  Chicago  was  the  only  place  "where  the  world 
turned  around  every  twenty-four  hours,"  he  commenced  in  a 
conservative  way  to  buy  and  sell  stock.  At  this  period  the  only 
general  market  in  Chicago  was  held  in  the  winter,  the  remainder 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  171 

of  the  year  all  livestock  being  shipped  to  the  East.  A  severe 
break  occurred  in  the  Chicago  cattle  demand  about  this  time, 
and  MR.  ALLERTON  saw  a  favorable  opportunity  to  buy. 
Through  the  good  influences  of  a  MR.  TOBY,  he  succeeded  in 
arranging  for  a  sight  draft  with  GEORGE  SMITH'S  bank.  MR. 
ALLERTON  thereupon  went  to  the  stockyards  and  bought  all  the 
hogs  on  the  market,  preparing  a  draft  for  $80,000.  This  was 
too  much  for  the  bank,  which  refused  to  handle  it,  having 
expected  something  in  the  vicinity  of  $5,000  instead.  After 
various  ventures  he  succeeded  in  getting  it  discounted  at  a  \% 
rate  by  AIKENS  &  NORTON.  The  venture  proved  successful,  and 
gave  MR.  ALLERTON  the  financial  security  necessary  to  establish 
a  permanent  business. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  the  financial  situation  in  the 
north  was  rather  strained.  Congress  had  just  passed  the  National 
Bank  Act  and  had  issued  bonds  to  secure  the  circulation.  Hither- 
to, the  only  paper  currency  had  been  the  so-called  red-dog  and 
bob-tailed  notes.  MR.  ALLERTON  broached  the  subject  of  a  na- 
tional bank  to  MR.  AIKENS,  but  the  latter  demurred  because  he 
feared  he  could  not  get  stock  taken.  Nothing  daunted,  MR. 
ALLERTON  secured  five  other  men  that  would  take  $10,000  each 
and  thus  the  First  National  Bank  of  Chicago  was  founded. 

Ever  since  his  permanent  location  in  the  west,  MR.  ALLERTON 
had  been  accumulating  farm  lands,  and  by  the  opening  of  the 
new  century,  had  acquired  a  total  of  about  19,000  acres  in  Illi- 
nois, in  addition  to  some  21,000  acres  in  Iowa,  Wisconsin  and 
Kansas.  As  his  financial  independence  grew  he  secured  large 
holdings  in  gold  mines,  and  aided  in  the  financiering  of  the  street 
railways  in  pioneer  Chicago.  Throughout  all  his  activities,  how- 
ever, he  maintained  his  chief  interest  in  the  livestock  trade,  con- 
tinuing to  ship  to  New  York,  New  England  and  Britain. 

MR.  ALLERTON  was  a  staunch  republican  in  politics,  and  a 
firm  supporter  of  a  strong  tariff.  He  lent  active  support  to  all 


172  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

constructive  financial  legislation,  believing  the  American  finan- 
cial system  should  be  as  sound  as  the  Bank  of  England.  MR. 
ALLERTON  provided  large  benefactions  for  public  schools,  colleges 
and  hospitals,  and  interested  himself  in  the  promotion  of  num- 
erous industries  of  a  public  nature.  He  ran  for  mayor  of  Chicago 
against  CARTER  H.  HARRISON,  and  carried  the  north  division  of 
the  city  and  the  better  residential  wards,  but  was  beaten  by  politi- 
cal manipulations  in  the  organized  districts.  He  died  February 
22,  1914,  at  his  winter  home  in  South  Pasadena,  Cal. 

MR.  ALLERTON'S  advice  to  young  men  seeking  a  start  in  agri- 
culture was:  "Hire  out  to  some  farmer  by  the  year  for  $250  and 
board;  save  $200  of  it  and  deposit  it  in  a  good  bank  until  you 
can  invest  it  safely.  Keep  on  until  you  have  saved  $1,500  and 
then  rent  a  farm.  You  will  have  a  character  and  a  credit  and  will 
have  no  trouble  renting  a  farm.  Then  with  good  health  nothing 
can  prevent  you  from  becoming  a  farm  owner.  Get  married 
when  you  have  enough  to  start  in  life." 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  173 

THE  FOUNDER  OF  ELMENDORF 

68.  Kentucky  from  earliest  times  has  been  the  home  of  magni- 
ficent breeding  establishments.  The  story  of  Woodburn  Farm 
(82)  has  been  told  for  years,  but  its  rival  in  variety  of  livestock 
and  quality  of  breeds  did  not  exist  until  Elmendorf  estate,  lo- 
cate-4  near  Lexington,  Kentucky,  was  founded.  Elmendorf  was 
the  property  of  the  venerable  JAMES  B.  HAGGIN,  a  man  who  lived 
almost  to  his  94th  birthday,  and  who  participated  actively  in 
some  of  the  most  notable  events  of  the  last  century.  MR.  HAGGIN 
was  a  "forty-niner,"  having  begun  the  practice  of  law  in  Califor- 
nia, but  he  soon  turned  to  mining  interests  and  in  company  with 
SENATOR  HEARST  and  MARCUS  DALY  he  achieved  international 
fame  and  vast  fortune.  As  a  breeder  of  Thoroughbreds  and  trot- 
ters, MR.  HAGGIN'S  name  has  been  foremost  for  years,  but  he 
touched  agriculture  most  intimately  during  his  later  life,  when 
he  collected  his  famous  herds  of  Shropshires,  Shorthorns,  Jerseys 
and  Berkshires.  With  fine  spirit  he  placed  the  entire  estate  at 
the  disposal  of  the  Kentucky  Agricultural  College  for  demonstra- 
tion and  instructional  purposes,  making  thereby  an  unprecedented 
contribution  to  agricultural  education. 

MR.  HAGGIN  carried  his  activities  into  his  most  advanced  years 
and  maintained  keenest  personal  interest  in  Elmendorf  to  the  end, 
constantly  expanding  its  operations.  He  ranks  among  the  strong- 
est and  most  rugged  characters  in  our  national  life. 

He  was  born  in  Harrodsburg,  Ky.,  December  9,  1820  and  died 
at  his  home  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  September  12,  1914.  He  was  a 
grandson  of  pioneers  who  came  to  Virginia  in  1775,  but  who 
proceeded  immediately  to  the  little  settlement  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  fort  at  Harrodsburg,  Mercer  Co.,  Ky.  This  pioneer  HAGGIN 
was  a  staunch  friend  and  boon  companion  of  the  redoubtable 
SIMON  KENTON,  and  both  became  famous  for  their  prowess  as 
hunters  and  Indian  fighters.  MR.  HAGGIN'S  education  was  for  the 
legal  profession,  his  common  school  work  being  received  at 


174  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Frankfort  and  Louisville,  Ky.  In  connection  with  his  practice 
as  an  attorney  he  did  an  extensive  real  estate  business,  taking  up 
valuable  lands  and  mining  claims.  With  Lloyd  Tevis  and  others, 
he  was  joint  owner  of  the  Home  Stake  Mine  in  the  Black  Hills, 
one  of  the  richest  and  most  widely  known  properties  in  the  world. 

For  many  years  MR.  HAGGIN  was  a  figure  in  the  agricultural 
and  financial  affairs  of  California.  He  purchased  the  Rancho  del 
Paso  of  about  forty  thousand  acres,  and  here  collected  the  very 
best  blood  obtainable  in  Thoroughbred  horses.  Each  year  he 
sent  valuable  shipments  east  for  public  sale  in  Kentucky  and  at 
Madison  Square  Garden.  In  1897  MR.  HAGGIN  married  Miss 
Pearl  Voorhies,  of  Versailles,  Ky.,  and  shortly  thereafter  made 
the  purchase  of  the  land  on  which  he  founded  his  Elmendorf 
estate.  This  finally  included  some  9,000  acres  in  the  fertile  coun- 
ties of  Fayette,  Scott  and  Bourbon.  MR.  HAGGIN  made  extensive 
improvements  on  the  farm  and  then  transferred,  his  California 
Thoroughbreds  to  the  blue  grass  section. 

In  the  fall  of  1906,  he  founded  his  Shorthorn  herd,  securing  in 
1907  the  redoubtable  Whitehall  Marshall  (138)  for  its  head. 
About  this  time  he  made  several  importations  of  Welsh  ponies, 
Shire  and  Suffolk  horses,  and  Shropshire  sheep.  His  Berkshires 
were  also  acquired  then,  and  he  developed  one  of  the  very  strong- 
est herds  of  swine  in  the  country. 

In  1908  as  a  result  of  his  advocacy  for  clean  milk,  he  estab- 
lished a  certified  dairy  plant  at  Elmendorf,  and  laid  the  founda- 
tions for  a  great  dairy  herd,  buying  and  importing  Jerseys  at  a 
great  cost,  and  also  securing  Guernseys,  Kerries,  Dexter  Kerries, 
and  Milking  Shorthorns.  His  milking  herd  ultimately  included 
some  1,400  animals,  of  which  more  than  half  were  Jerseys.  His 
famous  bull,  Noble  of  Oaklands,  has  been  the  source  of  more 
showyard  winners  and  high  test  cows  than  any  bull  of  the  breed 
in  recent  years.  The  dairy  barn  was  built  of  native  limestone,  a 
southwestern  type  of  architecture  being  used,  and  the  roofs  were 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  175 

made  of  red  Spanish  tile.    Rigid  sanitary  measures  were  enforced 
throughout. 

MR.  HAGGIN  was  often  referred  to  as  eccentric  and  a  man  of 
mystery,  but  those  who  were  near  enough  to  him  to  know  his  great 
worth,  his  generosity  and  kindness  of  heart,  his  gentle  courtliness 
of  manner,  believed  differently.  He  was  the  benefactor  of  Ken- 
tucky an4  the  South,  and  gave  much  to  his  generation. 


176  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

HEAD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  ARMOUR 

69.  On  the  death  of  P.  D.  ARMOUR  in  1901,  the  responsibility 
for  the  great  business  of  Armour  and  Company  fell  upon  his 
eldest  son,  J.  OGDEN  ARMOUR.  MR.  ARMOUR  possesses  in  high  de- 
gree the  masterly  characteristics  of  his  father,  and  with  quieter 
methods  he  ha*  secured  as  firm  a  grasp  on  the  business  as  was 
held  by  his  paternal  predecessor. 

MR.  ARMOUR  was  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  November  11,  1863, 
but  came  to  Chicago  in  1875  with  his  family.  He  was  educated 
at  Harvard  school,  Chicago,  and  entered  Yale  college  in  1880. 
Owing  to  his  father's  desire  to  give  him  early  training  and  experi- 
ence in  the  business  of  the  firm,  he  sacrificed  his  final  college 
year,  and  returned  to  Chicago  for  duty  in  1883.  His  apprentice- 
ship began  at  once,  and  after  serving  a  year  in  subordinate  posi- 
tions, he  became  a  partner.  He  early  showed  the  necessary  energy 
and  close  attention  required  by  his  father  and  advanced  steadily 
in  leadership. 

Since  his  accession  to  the  business  in  1901,  the  annual  gross 
income  has  grown  from  $182,000,000  a  year  to  $1,065,000,000  in 
1919.  The  company  activities  were  greatly  developed  and  ex- 
tended by  original  and  modern  means.  Economy  and  business 
efficiency  were  applied  both  to  manufacture  and  distribution, 
enabling  lower  prices  to  the  public  and  higher  values  to  the  pro- 
ducers. His  work  has  been  essentially  that  of  development  and  he 
has  built  numerous  plants  in  the  near  vicinity  of  the  livestock 
producing  regions  in  order  to  eliminate  the  necessity  of  long  live- 
stock shipments.  Today  he  operates  at  logical  points  some  fifteen 
plants  in  the  United  States  and  in  addition  has  several  in  Canada 
and  South  America.  Under  his  guidance  the  number  of  branch 
houses  distributing  Armour  products  has  reached  over  four 
hundred,  while  the  refrigerator  and  tank  service  in  1918  totalled 
5,435  cars.  He  has  succeeded  in  increasing  the  utilization  of 
byproducts;  has  paid  great  attention  to  educational  and  informa- 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  177 

live  work  among  both  producers  and  consumers,  and  has  devel- 
oped and  improved  the  working  conditions  and  community  inter- 
ests in  all  his  plants.  Hs  was  early  interested  in  agricultural  edu- 
cation, and  founded  a  series  of  scholarships,  known  as  the  Armour 
Scholarships,  which  were  competed  for  annually  at  the  Interna- 
tional by  the  different  colleges.  Their  award  to  each  institution 
was  based  on  the  excellence  of  showing  of  each,  in  the  student'* 
judging  contest  and  the  show  of  college  livestock. 

MR.  ARMOUR  has  always  followed  a  sane  financial  policy  as 
head  of  the  Company  and  each  year  has  put  back  into  the  business 
about  90  percent  of  the  profits.  He  played  an  important  part  in 
engineering  the  changes  necessary  to  produce  a  steady  livestock 
market  every  day  in  the  week,  thereby  giving  the  packing  house 
employes  constant  and  steady  work,  and  overcoming  the  earlier 
tendency  to  spasmodic  and  unsystematic  periods  of  employment. 
He  has  contributed  generously  to  his  father's  philanthropies,  espe- 
cially the  Armour  Institute,  giving  the  latter  sums  far  in  excess 
of  the  liberal  amounts  originally  provided  by  his  father. 


178  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  MASTER  OF  MEN  AND  MEASURES 

70.  Foremost  among  the  philanthropists  and  men  of  big  busi- 
ness in  the  closing  years  of  the  last  century  in  Chicago,  occurs 
the  name  of  PHILIP  DANFORTH  ARMOUR,  founder  of  Armour  and 
Company,  and  the  Armour  Institute.  He  was  born  May  16,  1832, 
at  Stockbridge,  New  York,  a  farmer  descended  from  a  race  of 
Scottish  farmers.  When  the  rush  for  gold  in  California  reached 
its  highest  mark,  he  had  reached  the  age  of  nineteen.  Stories  of 
fabulous  wealth  obtained  by  this  or  that  adventurer  were  recounted 
in  each  magazine  and  journal,  and  like  many  others,  the  ambi- 
tious youth  turned  anxious  glances  toward  the  west.  He  finally 
secured  parental  consent,  and  with  a  few  companions  left  the 
family  homestead  to  seek  the  land  of  the  sunset.  Although  the 
start  was  made  on  foot  he  had  received  several  hundred  dollars 
from  his  parents,  and  in  a  large  measure  became  the  financier  of 
the  party.  The  undertaking  was  of  an  almost  stupendous  nature, 
one  member  of  the  party  died,  and  two  lost  heart,  turning  back. 
At  Independence,  Kansas,  they  secured  a  yoke  of  oxen  and  a 
prairie  schooner,  and  at  the  end  of  six  months  arrived  in  Cali- 
fornia. A  brief  study  of  conditions  convinced  the  young  man 
that  a  more  certain  road  to  fortune  would  be  found  in  building 
sluices  than  in  prospecting  for  gold.  At  first  he  worked  as  a 
laborer  by  himself  getting  $5.00  a  day,  or  $10.00  when  he 
worked  at  night.  This  led  to  his  developing  a  contract  business 
for  sluice  construction  and  he  employed  numbers  of  miners  who 
had  lost  their  all  in  vain  searches  and  who  wished  to  earn  money 
to  return  home.  The  business  prospered  and  in  five  years  young 
ARMOUR  had  accumulated  a  few  thousand  dollars.  He  thereupon 
returned  to  Oneida  Co.,  New  York,  to  invest  in  a  farm,  but  as  he 
found  the  young  lady  in  whom  he  believed  himself  interested 
had  married  another  while  he  was  in  the  west,  he  started  for 
other  parts  in  which  he  determined  to  build  a  fortune. 


P.    D.   ARMOUR 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  179 

On  his  return  from  California,  he  had  stopped  for  two  days  in 
Milwaukee,  then  the  prosperous  gateway  of  the  west.  It  was  in 
fact  one  of  the  principal  stopping  points  for  that  grim  variety  of 
Argonauts  who  were  seeking  the  Pacific  slopes  or  returning  to 
their  homes  with  California  gold  in  their  pockets.  Milwaukee 
seemed  the  logical  place  to  locate  and  he  joined  in  a  partnership 
with  Fred  P.  Miles  on  March  1,  1859,  in  the  produce  and  com- 
mission business.  The  enterprise  prospered  from  the  beginning 
and  soon  handled  a  large  volume  of  the  smoked  and  pickled  meats 
demanded  by  travelers  going  to  and  from  the  coast.  After  three 
years  of  this  existence,  MR.  ARMOUR  had  become  well  known  in 
the  business  circles,  and  in  1863  he  joined  the  packing  firm  of 
JOHN  PLANKINTON,  then  the  largest  livestock  industry  in  Mil- 
waukee. The  firm  name  became  PLANKINTON  &  ARMOUR,  and 
pork  packing  its  chief  business.  The  days  were  long,  extending 
from  four  in  the  morning  until  late  at  night,  but  the  business 
boomed. 

Following  the  Civil  War,  Chicago  began  to  develop,  and  PHILIP 
ARMOUR  watched  carefully  for  expanding  interests.  He  prevailed 
upon  his  brother,  H.  O.  ARMOUR,  to  open  in  New  York  the  com- 
mission house  of  ARMOUR,  PLANKINTON  &  Co.,  while  JOSEPH  F. 
ARMOUR  took  charge  of  the  Chicago  office.  On  Christmas  day, 
1865,  the  UNION  STOCK  YARDS  opened  for  business,  and  two  years 
later  the  Chicago  house  of  the  firm  began  packing  hogs  under  the 
name  of  ARMOUR  &  Co.  For  eight  years  hogs  only  were  handled, 
but  in  1875  MR.  ARMOUR  removed  to  Chicago  and  expanded  the 
business  so  that  in  1878  they  began  killing  cattle  and  in  1880 
slaughtering  sheep.  In  1878  the  refrigerator  car  was  perfected, 
and  upon  the  refusal  of  the  railroads  to  build  refrigerator  cars, 
MR.  ARMOUR  built  a  fleet  of  his  own.  Business  grew  rapidly 
since  it  had  been  previously  impossible  to  eat  fresh  meat  in  the 
"off  season,"  and  ARMOUR  &  Co.  developed  as  new  fields  of  en- 
deavor opened. 


180  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

MR.  ARMOUR  understood  thoroughly  the  science  of  eliminating 
waste.  From  his  earliest  days  he  had  learned  to  turn  everything 
to  account,  and  instead  of  paying  somebody  to  remove  the  refuse 
of  the  industry  as  had  previously  been  the  custom,  he  began  the 
manufacture  of  glue,  fertilizer  and  soap.  Many  other  lines  of 
byproducts  were  added  from  time  to  time,  until  today  they  form 
the  most  profitable  part  of  the  firm's  business.  In  fact,  they  are 
the  principal  factor  in  keeping  down  the  prices  of  retail  meat, 
since  they  absorb  such  an  important  percentage  of  the  killing 
costs.  MR.  ARMOUR  is  quoted  as  saying,  "Give  me  the  waste 
from  the  animals  slaughtered  and  I  will  make  more  money  than 
the  fellow  selling  the  meat.*' 

In  1893,  he  had  developed  as  a  side  line  to  his  meat  packing 
activities,  a  moderate  grain  business.  Because  of  the  panic,  cash 
grain  in  the  northwestern  grain  centers  was  selling  at  such  great 
discounts  that  Chicago  May  futures  could  be  sold  and  country 
grain  bought  to  replace  them.  MR.  ARMOUR  bought  several  mil- 
lion bushels  in  the  northwestern  market,  but  at  the  same  time  a 
combination  of  rival  grain  operators  bought  all  the  cash  grain 
in  Chicago,  and  refused  to  move  it  out.  Since  the  law  required 
all  grain  to  be  stored  in  registered  elevators,  MR.  ARMOUR  had  no 
place  to  unload  his  northwestern  wheat.  Sixteen  hundred  cars  of 
wheat  accumulated  on  the  tracks,  and  three  hundred  boatloads  on 
Lake  Michigan.  In  this  crisis  he  declared,  "I'll  build  an  elevator 
of  my  own" — when  told  it  would  require  six  months  to  accomplish 
this,  he  snatched  a  telephone,  called  a  contractor,  installed  electric 
lights  to  permit  night  work,  and  in  forty-two  days  had  the  ele- 
vator completed  and  was  receiving  grain.  The  combine  was  de- 
feated, and  MR.  ARMOUR  reaped  a  reasonable  reward. 

One  Sunday  he  attended  the  old  Plymouth  Church,  and  listened 
to  a  sermon  by  DR.  F.  W.  GUNSAULUS  who  preached  on  the  sub- 
ject, "What  I  would  do  with  a  Million  Dollars."  MR.  ARMOUR 
became  intensely  interested,  as  a  vision  of  affording  technical 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  181 

education  to  boys  too  poor  to  attend  regular  colleges  was 
unfolded  by  the  clergyman.  After  the  sermon,  MR.  ARMOUR 
approached  DR.  GUNSAULUS  and  said,  "If  you  will  give  your  time 
to  such  an  institution  as  you  have  outlined,  I  will  give  you  the 
money."  From  this  the  ARMOUR  INSTITUTE  was  founded,  on  a 
benefaction  running  up  into  millions  of  dollars. 

When  MR.  ARMOUR  died,  January  6,  1901,  he  had  developed  a 
business  that  employed  more  people  than  any  other  single  con- 
cern in  the  world,  and  whose  annual  income  was  approximately 
$180,000,000.  His  death  resulted  from  heart  trouble,  but  even 
to  his  last  days  he  remained  the  same  energetic  and  enthusiastic 
worker  as  of  old,  refusing  to  remain  idle,  despite  the  advice  of 
his  physician.  When  his  portrait  was  hung  in  the  Hall  of  Fame  at 
the  University  of  Illinois,  many  of  the  big  men  of  the  business 
and  agricultural  world  gathered,  to  pay  tribute  to  his  achieve- 
ments. Today  he  stands  as  one  of  the  most  prominent  figures  of 
all  history  in  the  nation's  commercial  development. 


182  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  MASTER  MARKET  MAKER 

71.  Another  German  born  citizen  of  America  who  rose  from 
as  humble  beginnings  as  CAPTAIN  PABST  (47)  and  who  became 
fully  as  influential  a  financial  figure  in  the  business  world  previ- 
ous to  his  death,  was  NELSON  MORRIS,  Chicago  packer  and  opera- 
tor on  the  Board  of  Trade.  MR.  MORRIS  was  born  in  a  small  settle- 
ment in  the  Black  Forest,  Germany,  January  21,  1839.  He  was 
practically  self-educated,  since  he  came  to  the  United  States  at 
the  age  of  twelve,  and,  to  Chicago  at  the  age  of  fifteen.  Here 
he  secured  employment  in  the  stockyards  and  two  years  later  laid 
the  foundations  of  the  packing  business  of  MORRIS  and  COMPANY 
by  entering  business  for  himself.  The  growth  of  his  big  organiza- 
tion was  gradual,  and  throughout  the  80's  and  90's  he  was  able  to 
add  quite  materially  to  its  scope  through  some  profitable  opera- 
tions on  the  Board  of  Trade. 

In  1863  he  married  SARAH  VOGEL,  and  reared  four  children: 
EDWARD  MORRIS,  who  succeeded  him  at  the  head  of  the  industry; 
IRA  NELSON  MORRIS,  who  has  been  closely  connected  in  various 
official  capacities  with  the  corporation,  and  who  since  1913  has 
occupied  various  diplomatic  positions,  among  them  being  U.  S. 
Minister  to  Sweden;  GUSTA  MORRIS,  who  became  the  wife  of 
MAURICE  L.  ROTHSCHILD,  head  of  the  Chicago  clothing  store, 
and  MAUD,  the  wife  of  M.  MARTINEAU,  now  living  in  London. 

Upon  the  incorporation  of  the  partnership  of  MORRIS  &  Co., 
NELSON  MORRIS  became  president,  and  for  a  number  of  years 
was  also  president  of  the  FAIRBANK  CANNING  Co.,  in  which  he 
held  a  large  financial  interest.  He  was  a  director  of  the  first  Na- 
tional Bank,  of  the  Stock  Yards  Savings  Bank,  and  the  People's 
Trust  and  Savings  Bank.  He  died  August  27,  1907,  at  the  age  of 
68  years,  leaving  a  business  of  large  proportions  as  a  monument 
to  his  shrewd  business  judgment  and  his  unswerving  constructive 
purpose. 


NELSON    MORRIS 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  183 

NELSON  MORRIS  was  one  of  the  best  judges  of  cattle  that  ever 
rode  a  horse  in  the  yards,  and  it  is  within  the  memory  of  many 
of  the  stockyard  veterans  when  he  set  forth  each  morning  for  a 
personal  inspection  of  the  cattle  market  and  a  personal  direction 
of  the  buying  for  his  firm.  His  figure  in  the  yards  was  familiar 
long  after  he  ceased  these  more  strenuous  operations,  and  many 
drovers  and  stockmen  remember  his  sturdy  manner  an4  his  always 
democratic  bearing.  To  know  him  in  these  days  was  to  admire 
and  love  him.  His  charities,  always  quiet  and  unostentatious, 
were  myriad,  and  his  death  was  a  real  calamity  to  many. 


184  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  SCION  OF  BIG  BUSINESS 

72.  The  foundations  of  the  great  packing  business  of  MORRIS 
&  Co.  were  bequeathed  by  NELSON  MORRIS  to  his  son  EDWARD 
MORRIS.  In  the  later  years  of  his  father's  life  the  younger  MORRIS 
had  manifested  a  genius  for  business  that  compelled  a  hearty 
recognition  when  he  succeeded  as  its  head.  Frequently  the  sons 
of  rich  men  have  scattered  the  fortune  handed  them  by  their 
fathers,  but  EDWARD  MORRIS  conserved  and  enlarged  the  estate. 
He  had  been  at  the  head  of  the  packing  business  for  only  a  few 
years  when  he  bought  from  the  other  heirs  their  entire  holdings 
in  the  packing  company,  at  a  cost  of  fifteen  million  dollars. 
This  was  one  of  the  most  gigantic  transactions  recorded  in  the 
commercial  world  at  this  time.  MR.  MORRIS  had  a  genius  not  only 
for  the  packing  business,  but  for  other  lines.  He  was  counted 
as  one  of  the  largest  bank  stock  holders  in  the  city  of  Chicago, 
and  his  name  appeared  on  the  directorate  of  numerous  stock  com- 
panies. Few  men  of  such  large  affairs  have  continued  in  such 
close  personal  touch  with  their  undertakings,  but  the  habits  of 
industry  inherited  from  his  father  clung  closely  to  him  and  he 
knew  intimately  each  detail  of  his  large  plants. 

EDWARD  MORRIS  was  born  Oct.  1,  1865.  His  early  life  was 
very  closely  allied  to  the  business  of  NELSON  MORRIS  &  Co.,  and 
his  collegiate  training  was  limited.  MR.  MORRIS,  however,  was 
widely  read,  and  discussed  interestingly  any  subject  in  business, 
music,  art  or  literature.  On  Oct.  1,  1889  he  married  HELEN 
SWIFT,  and  to  this  union  were  born  four  children;  EDWARD  MOR- 
Ris,  the  present  head  of  the  business,  NELSON,  RUTH  and  HELEN 
MURIEL.  His  happiest  moments  were  spent  in  his  own  home,  but 
he  was  very  much  interested  in  the  financial  development  not 
only  of  Chicago,  but  of  the  country  at  large.  MR.  MORRIS  was  a 
familiar  figure  at  the  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB,  where  he  was 
ready  to  recognize  each  acquaintance  and  to  accord  him  a  genial 
companionship.  Of  a  generous  nature,  no  one  in  distress  could 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  185 

come  to  him  without  meeting  with  a  ready  response,  and  he  was 
one  of  the  most  generous  contributors  to  charity  in  the  city.  A 
very  large  portion  of  his  charity  was  distributed  without  the 
knowledge  of  the  outside  world.  He  purchased  the  SHAKESPEARE 
house,  and  presented  it  to  Harvard  University  a  few  years  before 
his  death,  thus  giving  a  hint  of  the  inward  mind  of  the  engrossed 
man  of  business.  His  death  Nov.  3,  1913,  came  as  a  distinct  shock 
to  the  commercial  world,  although  it  was  not  unexpected  by  those 
in  the  inner  circle  of  his  acquaintance.  A  nervous  breakdown, 
resulting  from  kidney  disorder,  terminated  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful business  careers  offered  a  man  of  the  younger  generation, 
and  his  untimely  demise  was  sincerely  mourned. 


186  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  PRODIGY  OF  PACKINGTOWN 

73.  Possibly  the  most  meteoric  career  enjoyed  by  one  of  the 
younger  business  men  of  America  is  that  of  THOMAS  EDWARD  WIL- 
SON, president  of  the  packing  industry  of  WILSON  &  Co.  MR. 
WILSON  was  born  in  London,  Ontario,  July  22,  1868,  of  Scottish 
descent.  When  nine  years  old  his  parents  moved  to  Chicago,  and 
he  received  his  education  in  the  Chicago  public  schools.  Upon 
graduation  he  secured  a  position  with  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  Railroad.  While  handling  the  special  equipment  rec- 
ords in  1890  for  the  railway  company,  he  overheard  another  clerk 
strongly  condemning  a  similar  position  with  MORRIS  &  Co.,  left 
after  a  brief  experience.  MR.  WILSON  sought  and  was  given  the 
position,  and  then  began  his  career  in  the  meat  packing  industry. 
He  served  the  MORRIS  company  in  various  capacities,  and  in  prac- 
tically all  departments,  and  by  1906  had  achieved  sufficient  mas- 
tery of  the  details  of  the  organization  to  be  elected  vice  president 
of  the  company.  On  the  death  of  EDWARD  MORRIS,  he  succeeded 
to  the  presidency  in  1913.  His  success  here  was  manifold,  and 
he  rapidly  acquired  a  reputation  second  to  none  among  the  deans 
of  the  packing  industry. 

In  the  spring  of  1916  the  New  York  interests  which  had  been 
financing  the  packing  firm  of  SULZBERGER  &  SONS  Co.  found  the 
latter  had  become  so  involved  that  they  took  charge  of  the  busi- 
ness themselves.  MR.  WILSON  was  approached  with  a  high  sal- 
aried proposition,  but  on  a  pure  salary  basis  he  refused  to  con- 
sider a  change.  His  years  of  experience  with  MORRIS  &  Co.  made 
him  feel  a  loyalty  to  the  original  concern  which  a  matter  of  salary 
could  not  divert.  Recognizing  this,  MR.  WILSON  was  again  ap- 
proached by  the  New  York  financiers  and  offered  both  a  record 
compensation  and  an  option  on  a  large  number  of  shares  of  the 
SULZBERGER  &  SONS  Co.  stock  at  less  than  one-fifth  of  the  face 
value.  This  apparently  low  rate  was  named  in  order  to  reward 
him  thoroughly  for  upbuilding  and  stabilizing  the  business.  MR. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  187 

WILSON  entered  his  new  duties  with  a  will,  and  was  so  successful 
in  organizing  and  whipping  together  the  disintegrated  interests 
that  at  the  time  his  option  expired,  the  shares  he  held  were  worth 
nearly  four  times  as  much  as  when  he  received  his  option.  This 
gave  MR.  WILSON  a  high  financial  rating  and  has  enabled  him  to 
proceed  even  further  with  the  extension  and  organization  of  the 
business.  On  July  21,  1916,  the  firm  name  was  changed  to 
WILSON  &  Co. 

WILSON  &  Co.  is  among  the  largest  of  meat  packing  concerns 
in  the  world  having  packing  plants  at  Chicago,  Oklahoma  City, 
Kansas  City,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.;  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. ;  Nebraska 
City,  Nebr.;  Albert  Lea,  Minn.;  Natchez,  Miss.;  Wheeling, 
W.  Va.;  Chatham,  Ontario,  Canada;  Buenos  Aires,  A.  R.  South 
America  and  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil.  WILSON  &  Co.  have  branches  in 
all  principal  European  countries  and  do  a  large  export  business. 
In  1918,  the  company  showed  total  assets  of  $129,891,945.30. 

MR.  WILSON  was  elected  first  president  of  the  Institute  of 
American  Meat  Packers,  which  organization  he  was  instrumental 
in  forming.  The  Institute  comprises  in  its  membership  nearly 
every  large  and  small  meat  packer  in  the  United  States.  MR. 
WILSON  is  a  director  of  the  International  Livestock  Exposition, 
a  director  of  the  Wabash  Railroad  and  president  of  the  Oklahoma 
City  Stock  Yards  Co.  In  1918  he  also  was  elected  president  of 
the  Chicago  Shorthorn  Cattle  Club.  Edellyn  Farm  is  near  Lake 
Forest,  111.,  where  MR.  WILSON  indulges  his  passion  for  breeding 
and  raising  pure  blooded  horses,  Shorthorn  cattle,  Duroc  Jersey 
hogs,  poultry  and  game.  He  has  specialized  in  Shorthorn  cattle 
an<J  Clydesdale  draft  horses. 

MR.  WILSON  is  one  of  the  most  popular  of  the  greater  officials 
in  Chicago,  and  has  a  wide  club  membership  and  an  even  wider 
friendship.  As  an  example  of  the  success  that  can  come  to  the 
youth  of  humble  origin  who  possesses  brains  and  industry,  MR. 
WILSON  stands  almost  supreme  and  his  career  is  a  direct  challenge 
to  every  young  man  of  ability. 


188  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  MASTER  OF  THE  ART  OF  ARTS 

74.  On  the  21st  of  June,  1775,  there  was  born  at  Ay  don  Castle, 
Northumberland,  the  genius  who  was  to  dominate  Shorthorn 
breeding  for  the  century  to  follow.  THOMAS  BATES  made  the 
most  distinct  contribution  to  the  art  of  animal  breeding  that  oc- 
curred during  the  nineteenth  century,  since  he  demonstrated  with 
unfaltering  step  the  value  and  method  of  pedigree  matings.  In 
1800  he  leased  the  extensive  acreage  of  Halton  Castle  for  a  period 
of  twenty-one  years,  and  there  founded  the  family  that  swept  on- 
ward to  the  first  climax  in  Shorthorn  breeding,  the  New  \orK 
Mills  Sale  of  1873.  His  early  acquaintance  with  the  breed  was 
gained  at  Darlington  Fair  on  market  Mondays.  Here  he  dwelt 
with  keen  hand  and  shrewd  eye  on  the  products  of  the  "divinities 
of  old  Durham,"  and  seasoned  that  keenness  of  judgment  and 
irrevocableness  of  decision  that  blazoned  his  way  through  the 
difficulties  of  the  coming  five  decades. 

On  May  1,  1800  he  entered  into  control  of  the  Halton  Castle 
acreage  but  although  he  had  acquired  his  first  Shorthorns  two 
months  previously  the  foundation  stock  on  which  he  had  set  his 
heart  was  as  yet  unpurchased.  A  step  in  the  desired  direction 
came  through  his  acquirement  of  CHARLES  COLLING'S  Daisy  Bull 
in  the  following  autumn,  but  he  was  used  only  for  steer  breeding 
operations.  A  legacy  in  1804  from  a  deceased  aunt  enabled  him 
to  embark  in  his  coveted-  occupation.  From  it  he  purchased  for 
100  guineas,  the  four-year-old  Duchess  by  Daisy  Bull.  She  de- 
scended purely  from  COLLING'S  two  famous  bulls,  Favorite  and 
Hubback,  and  had  ancestry  only  of  the  animals  that  BATES  ad- 
mired. He  had  numerous  vicissitudes,  however,  and  was  unable 
to  found  the  family  he  desired  until  at  the  Ketton  dispersion  in 
1810  he  secured  her  granddaughter  by  the  1000  guinea  bull 
Comet.  The  cow  herself  was  pronounced  "shabby"  by  the  ring- 
side, and  loud  were  the  taunts  that  MR.  BATES  received,  but  he  had 
achieved  his  desire  and  with  characteristic  courage  announced 


THOMAS    BATES 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  189 

that  he  was  going  to  build  the  "best  breed"  of  Shorthorns  from 
her.  That  he  accomplished  his  purpose  is  a  matter  of  history. 
He  inbred  and  interbred  her  descendants  until  a  natural  tendency 
to  shy  breeding  forced  him  to  seek  elsewhere  for  sires.  This 
contingency  was  due  more  to  the  physical  absence  of  bulls  rather 
than  lack  of  courage  on  BATES'  part  to  continue  his  methods,  and 
the  justification  of  his  judgment  is  found  in  the  fact  that  only  one 
of  several  bulls  introduced  had  any  permanent  effect  of  improve- 
ment. In  fact  most  of  the  outside  bulls  were  actually  detrimental 
to  his  operations. 

The  one  bull  from  external  sources  that  made  him  fame  and 
fortune  was  selected  on  his  pedigree  alone,  the  bull  Belvedere, 
full  of  the  blood  of  CHARLES  COLLING'S  old  Princess.  This  cow 
too  carried  only  the  heritage  of  Favorite  and  Hubback,  and  hence 
brought  to  MR.  BATES  again  the  blood  he  so  earnestly  was  con- 
centrating in  his  Duchesses.  Selected  on  his  pedigree  alone,  MR. 
BATES  found  his  judgment  confirmed  by  a  glimpse  of  the  bull's 
head,  and  completed  his  transaction  for  the  animal  before  he 
examined  the  remainder  of  its  conformation.  From  Belvedere 
he  obtained  his  magnificent  Duke  of  Northumberland  and  the 
show  herd  that  placed  him  undisputably  as  Britain's  premier 
breeder.  From  that  day  forward  his  family  increased  in  value 
until  in  1873  the  best  Duchess  brought  $40,600  and  the  average 
of  fourteen  Duchesses  in  the  sale  was  practically  $18,750. 

In  1821  MR.  BATES  removed  from  Halton  to  Ridley  Hall  and 
in  May  1830  he  transferred  to  his  permanent  estate  at  Kirkleving- 
ton,  purchased  in  1811,  driving  his  herd  with  him.  His  fifty  cows 
and  heifers  by  2d  Hubback  excited  an  interest  of  unrivalled  in- 
tensity. One  further  service  MR.  BATES  performed  for  the  breed- 


190  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

ing  art.  Milk  and  butter  records  were  kept  on  all  cows,  his  best 
cows  when  tested  having  each  quart  of  milk  churned  separately. 
From  his  humble  beginnings  have  arisen  the  principle  of  dairy 
test  associations  and  the  great  advanced  registry  systems. 

Firmness  and  keenness  of  judgment  were  his  biggest  assets,  his 
certainty  of  himself  and  oft-time  irritation.  At  the  Doncaster 
meeting  of  1820  EARL  SPENCER  said  of  him,  "Wonderful  man! 
Wonderful  man!  He  might  become  anything,  even  Prime  Min- 
ister, if  he  would  not  talk  so  much." 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  191 

SAVIOUR  OF  THE  UNION 

75.  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN  was  the  most  typical  American.  His 
individualism  was  personally  characteristic;  "he  was  copied  from 
no  model  and  founded  on  no  example."  "He  blended  and,  accen- 
tuated the  American  traits  and  stands  out  before  the  world  pre- 
eminently the  American  of  Americans.  He  was  equally  skilled 
in  leading  the  leaders  and  getting  into  the  hearts  of  the  plain 
people.  No  other  American  ever  so  thoroughly  understood  or 
came  so  close  to  the  great  throbbing  masses.  He  sprang  from 
their  ranks  and  he  continued  to  be  their  soul.  Concentrate  the 
genius  of  the  common  people  in  one  grand  incarnation,  refining 
and  sublimating  their  essence  to  be  then  idealized  in  their  adora- 
tion, and  you  call  it  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN." 

He  was  born  in  Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  February  12,  1809,  of  Vir- 
ginian ancestry.  He  grew  to  manhood  in  a  wild  region  "with 
many  bears  and  other  wild  animals  still  in  the  woods."  No 
qualification  was  required  of  his  school  teachers  except  "readin', 
writin'  and  the  rule  of  three."  There  was  absolutely  nothing  to 
excite  ambition  for  education.  But  in  spite  of  this  he  made  the 
best  of  what  the  half  educated  teachers  could  impart,  and  by  the 
time  he  was  nineteen  he  had  acquired  sufficient  business  pro- 
ficiency to  take  a  carload  of  farm  products  to  New  Orleans  for 
sale.  In  1830  his  father  emigrated  to  Macon  Co.,  111.,  and  young 
LINCOLN,  then  an  angular  giant  of  six  feet  four,  went  with  him 
to  build  the  cabin,  clear  the  fields  and  split  the  fence  rails  from 
the  walnut  forests. 

Once  the  farm  was  cleared  he  left  his  father,  and  engaging 
himself  to  a  merchant,  employed  his  leisure  hours  in  reading  and 
study.  Both  surveying  and  the  principles  of  law  interested  him, 
but  the  outbreak  of  the  Black  Hawk  war  retarded  his  legal  am- 
bitions, as  he  volunteered  to  become  a  soldier.  In  1833  he  was 
appointed  postmaster  of  New  Salem.  111.,  at  the  same  time  acting 
as  deputy  surveyor.  In  1834  he  headed  his  ticket  for  the  legisla- 


192  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

ture  of  Illinois,  and  was  thrice  re-elected,  resigning  when  he  had 
served  eight  years.  By  this  time  he  had  attained  some  proficiency 
in  law,  and  he  formed  a  partnership  with  J.  T.  STUART  of  Spring- 
field, to  which  place  the  state  capitol  had  been  removed  due  to 
his  efforts  while  in  the  legislature. 

In  1846  he  was  elected  to  congress.  His  first  bill  provided  for 
the  emancipation  of  the  slaves  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  but 
was  beaten.  He  was  not  a  candidate  for  re-election  and  returned 
to  Illinois  to  his  practice  and  to  take  up  the  leadership  of  the 
Whig  party  in  his  state.  He  regarded  the  repeal  of  the  Missouri 
compromise  as  most  treacherous,  and  began  a  series  of  discussions 
against  slave  rights  in  territories,  that  made  him  one  of  the  lead- 
ing figures  of  the  anti-slavery  party.  The  conservative  element 
of  the  Whigs  was  led  by  SENATOR  DOUGLASS,  while  the  new  or 
Republican  party  was  led  by  Lincoln.  In  1858  when  MR.  DOUG- 
LASS sought  re-election,  the  Republicans  selected  LINCOLN  as  his 
antagonist.  LINCOLN  challenged  the  senator  to  a  series  of  joint 
discussions,  which  challenge  the  senator  accepted.  From  this 
arose  that  remarkable  series  of  arguments  that  have  lived  in 
American  history.  SENATOR  DOUGLASS  defended  popular  sover- 
eignty (derisively  called  "squatter  sovereignty")  with  great  adroit- 
ness, but  MR.  LINCOLN'S  higher  ethical  and  moral  standards  ulti-, 
mately  won  the  popular  favor.  It  was  in  the  course  of  these  de- 
bates that  he  uttered  the  prophetic  and  pregnant  words:  "A  house 
divided  against  itself  cannot  stand.  I  believe  this  government 
cannot  endure  permanently  half  slave  and  half  free.  I  -do  not 
expect  the  Union  to  be  dissolved;  I  do  not  expect  the  house  to 
fall;  but  I  do  expect  it  will  cease  to  be  divided." 

This  debate  established  MR.  LINCOLN'S  reputation  as  an  orator 
and  statesman,  and  he  was  nominated  on  the  third  ballot  in  the 
Republican  convention  of  1860,  over  WM.  H.  SEWARD.  As  soon 
as  the  extreme  partisans  of  the  south  learned  of  this,  they  began 
preparations  for  an  insurrection,  and  a  provisional  government 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  193 

was  formed  for  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Florida,  Mis- 
sissippi, Louisiana  and  Texas,  known  as  the  Confederate  States 
of  America,  with  JEFFERSON  DAVIS  of  Mississippi  as  president. 
MR.  LINCOLN  kept  his  own  counsel  and  in  his  inaugural  address 
treated  the  secession  as  a  nullity.  He  declared  the  Union  perpetu- 
ate and  inviolate,  and  announced  the  government's  intention  to 
maintain  its  authority.  He  closed  with  the  following  strain  of 
peace  and  dignity:  "In  your  hands,  my  dissatisfied  fellow-coun- 
trymen, and  not  in  mine,  is  the  momentous  issue  of  civil  war. 
The  Government  will  not  assail  you.  You  can  have  no  conflict 
without  yourselves  being  the  aggressors.  You  have  no  oath  regis- 
tered in  heaven  to  destroy  the  government,  while  I  shall  have  a 
most  solemn  one  to  preserve  it." 

The  attack  on  Sumter  was  the  southern  answer,  and  hostilities 
too  detailed  for  discussion  here  were  entered  upon.  Of  MR.  LIN- 
COLN'S measures,  history  records  the  wisdom.  To  the  constant 
pressure  of  the  abolitionists  to  make  slavery  the  chief  issue,  he 
responded  that  "My  paramount  duty  is  to  save  the  Union,  and 
not  either  to  save  or  destroy  slavery.  If  I  could  save  the  Union 
without  freeing  any  slave,  I  would  do  it;  if  I  could  save  it  by 
freeing  all  slaves,  I  would  do  it;  and  if  I  could  do  it  by  freeing 
some  and  leaving  others  alone,  I  would  also  do  that."  Eventually 
the  emancipation  measure  became  a  practical  source  for  weaken- 
ing the  enemy  resistance,  and  he  gladly  published  the  necessary 
proclamation,  January  1,  1863.  The  following  fall  he  urged  the 
necessity  of  a  constitutional  amendment  to  back  his  decree,  and 
on  January  31,  1865,  the  13th  amendment  was  finally  adopted. 
His  careful  diplomacy  in  the  questions  involving  European  na,- 
tions,  (ably  seconded  by  his  Secretary  of  State  and  former  politi- 
cal rival,  Mr.  Seward),  his  strength  on  the  draft  question  for  mili- 
tary service,  and  his  second  inaugural  address,  stood  as  bright 
lights  in  the  path  of  those  devoted  lovers  of  the  Union  who  could 
not  see  that  the  sands  of  time  were  then  drifting  in  their  direction. 


194  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

The  triumph  of  final  victory  and  re-election  were  rudely 
snatched  from  his  personal  enjoyment,  when  a  traitorous  hand 
shot  and  then  stabbed  him  to  death  on  April  14,  1865.  For  one 
day  the  body  lay  in  state,  then  the  funeral  train  took  him  to 
Springfield  to  his  final  rest. 

ABRAHAM  LINCOLN  "had  at  once  the  flavor  of  the  soil  and  the 
flight  of  the  stars.  When  he  rose  to  large  endeavor  he  had  what 
seemed  to  be  almost  Divine  inspiration.  Some  of  his  papers  in 
their  simplicity,  directness  and  strength  are  more  like  the  epistles 
of  Paul  than  anything  else  in  literature.  His  speech  was  as  lu- 
cent as  crystal,  because  his  thoughts  were  as  clear  as  the  sunbeam. 
He  was  filled  with  sublime  thoughts  which  transformed  them- 
selves into  sublime  words  and  sublime  acts.  His  imperishable 
speech  at  Gettysburg,  which  will  ever  remain  the  noblest  monu- 
ment of  that  immortal  field,  sprang  from  the  greatness  of  his  soul, 
and  reflected  his  inmost  being.  His  second  inaugural  rose  to  a 
moral  elevation  not  reached  outside  of  sacred  deliverance,  and 
the  grand  and  lofty  portraiture  of  the  Supreme  law  of  justice 
and  retribution  in  God's  universe,  almost  suggests  the  awful  and 
mystic  communion  of  Sinai.  His  example  and  his  inspiration 
live  for  all  time.  The  appreciation  of  his  great  personality  and 
his  true  historic  grandeur  increases  as  we  gain  the  juster  per- 
spective of  distance,  and  the  sanctity  of  his  memory  will  deepen 
in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen,  as  the  sublimity  of  his  service 
and  the  mystery  of  his  martyrdom  become  more  and  more  the 
loftiest  legend  of  our  national  story.'* 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  195 

THE  YORKSHIRE  SQUIRE  AT  HIS  BEST 

76.  Situated  in  the  fertile  valley  of  the  Swale  in  late  eighteenth 
century  Yorkshire,  THOMAS  BOOTH'S  Killerby  estate  cradled  the 
birth  of  that  second  dominant  strain  of  Shorthorns  to  carry  the 
standard  of  the  red-white-and-roan  to  all  corners  of  the  earth. 
His  foundation  animals  were  acquired  even  prior  to  1790,  but  he 
first  tapped  the  COLLING  source  about  this  year,  when  he  secured 
from  ROBERT  COLLING  (94)  the  roan  bull  Twin  Brother  to  Ben 
and  one  of  his  sons,  both  of  his  Hubback  heritage.  Unlike  the 
famous  founder  of  the  Duchess  tribes,  his  younger  compatriot 
THOMAS  BATES  (74),  BOOTH  felt  no  necessity  to  utilize  the  COL- 
LING females,  and  thereby  stamped  himself  both  more  original 
and  more  independent  than  his  worthy  colleague.  Robust  consti- 
tution and  a  wealth  of  flesh-making  capacity  were  his  ideals.  His 
cattle  must  be  excellent  grazers,  but,  from  the  first,  breadth  of 
back  and  thickness  of  loin  outweighed  all  considerations  of  lacta- 
live  persistency. 

MR.  BOOTH'S  early  bulls  of  COLLING  blood  were  followed  by 
others  from  the  same  source,  Suworrow,  Pilot,  Marshall  Beresford 
and  Albion.  The  latter  bull  in  particular  was  successful  in 
establishing  that  low  down  blockiness  and  round-ribbed  cover  that 
so  distinguished  the  later  BOOTH  tribes.  In  the  light  of  THOMAS 
BATES,  MR.  BOOTH  was  not  a  pedigree  mater,  but  based  his  selec- 
tions almost  wholly  on  the  types  of  animals  themselves.  Excep- 
tional pains  were  taken  in  the  introduction  of  the  COLLING  stock 
to  overcome  defects  and  to  fix  the  desirable  beefing  characteristics, 
and  the  resulting  improvement  led  MR.  BOOTH  gradually  to  be- 
come independent  of  the  COLLING  support.  With  the  opening  of 
the  new  century,  the  Bakewell  (78)  formula  was  applied  to  his 
Fairholme  tribes  with  eminent  success,  and  a  little  later  to  the 
descendants  of  the  yellowish  red  and  white  cow  found  on  the 
Darlington  market  in  1797,  Halnaby  by  Lame  Bull  (359). 


196  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

To  the  service  of  Albion,  Halnaby  produced  Young  Albion, 
the  first  of  the  Killerby  bulls  to  be  leased  to  another  breeder.  So 
successful  was  the  first  venture  that  it  was  ultimately  adopted  as 
the  permanent  herd  policy.  As  a  result,  the  BOOTH  bulls  of  un- 
known ability  were  given  ample  opportunity  in  the  herds  of 
other  men,  and  those  that  proved  worthy  could  be  recalled  to 
Killerby  or  Warlaby  for  further  use. 

The  demands  for  agricultural  products  during  the  Napoleonic 
Wars  brought  sufficient  prosperity  to  the  BOOTH  family  to  enable 
the  elder  son,  RICHARD,  to  undertake  a  herd  of  his  own  at  STUD- 
LEY  farm,  some  fifteen  miles  south  of  Killerby.  Here  were  taken 
a  few  of  the  choicest  animals  from  the  paternal  herd,  which  with 
the  well  chosen  purchases  of  RICHARD  on  Darlington  market  soon 
brought  about  new  standards  of  achievement  in  the  BOOTH  ranks. 
In  1819,  upon  the  marriage  of  the  second  son,  JOHN,  THOMAS 
BOOTH  turned  over  old  Killerby  to  filial  management,  and  re- 
moved to  his  other  estate  of  Warlaby  located  in  the  valley  of  the 
Wiske,  where  he  remained  until  his  retirement  from  Shorthorn 
activity  about  1835. 

Like  his  cattle,  THOMAS  BOOTH  bred  on.  While  his  achieve- 
ments  are  classic,  his  sons,  RICHARD  and  JOHN,  carried  forward 
his  work  to  even  higher  levels.  So  that  when,  after  fifty  years  of 
intimate  fellowship  with  the  breed  he  loved,  he  passed  the  torch 
of  progress  into  younger  hands,  he  knew  that  his  lifelong  service 
was  not  terminating.  His  final  sleep  in  1836  found  his  face 
turned  to  the  future,  expectantly  forecasting  the  triumphs  of  his 
Fairholmes,  Annas,  Bracelets  and  Strawberries,  loved  intimates 
of  the  half  century  gone  by. 


THOMAS     BOOTH 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  197 

AN  AMERICAN  ULYSSES 

77.  Doggedness  and  persistence  characterized  the  career  and 
life  of  ULYSSES  S.  GRANT.  The  son  of  a  tanner,  he  was  born  at 
Point  Pleasant,  Ohio,  April  27,  1822.  As  a  youth  he  preferred 
the  out-of-doors  and  instead  of  following  his  father  in  the  tanning 
business,  conducted  the  family  farm,  did  teaming,  and  at  intervals 
maintained  a  livery  business  between  neighboring  towns.  He 
attended  the  village  school  and  was  given  one  year  in  the  academy 
at  Maysville,  Ky.  Ambitious  to  receive  a  higher  training,  he 
secured  an  appointment  to  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy.  He 
proved  to  be  a  good  mathematician  and  an  excellent  horseman, 
but  only  an  average  student.  Following  graduation  he  was  bre- 
vetted  and  later  commissioned  a  second  lieutenant,  which  rank 
he  held  at  the  opening  of  the  Mexican  War.  He  volunteered  to 
perform  a  hazardous  messenger  mission  through  the  Mexican  lines 
to  bring  up  ammunition,  which  act,  coupled  with  bravery  in 
action,  resulted  in  his  promotion  to  first  lieutenant. 

Following  the  war  he  was  stationed  at  various  places,  but 
found  the  army  life  on  the  Pacific  coast  so  uncongenial,  that  in 
spite  of  a  promotion  to  captaincy,  he  resigned  in  1854  and  re- 
turned to  civil  life.  In  order  to  reach  home  he  was  forced  to 
borrow  $50  from  his  classmate,  S.  B.  BUCKNER,  and  it  is  related 
that  after  the  fall  of  Fort  Donelson  and  the  surrender  of  GENERAL 
BUCKNER,  GENERAL  GRANT  returned  the  courtesy  of  carfare  home. 
Civil  endeavors  proved  successful,  and  the  opening  of  the  War  of 
Secession  found  him,  after  various  misadventures,  COLONEL  of 
the  21st  Illinois  infantry. 

In  August,  1861,  he  was  made  a  brigadier  general  of  volun- 
teers, his  commission  being  dated  back  three  months.  He  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  the  district  of  Southeastern  Missouri 
with  headquarters  at  Cairo,  111.  In  a  series  of  actions,  (Paducah, 
(Ky.),  Belmont,  (Mo.),  Fort  Henry,  Fort  Donelson,  Corinth, 
Pittsburg  Landing,  Shiloh,  Vicksburg  and  some  minor  contests), 


198  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

he  succeeded  in  opening  up  the  Mississippi  river  for  the  Federal 
forces.  This  gave  a  new  front  of  attack  on  the  south,  which  ad- 
vantage he  pursued  after  a  vicarious  period  in  which  his  com- 
mands were  rapidly  shifted  and  re-shifted.  His  successes  at 
Chattanooga,  Knoxville  and  Nashville,  drove  the  Confederates  out 
of  Tennessee  and  made  him  a  Lieutenant-General.  On  March  12, 
1864,  he  was  given  supreme  command,  and  immediately  initiated 
a  pressure  from  all  sides  that  resulted  in  final  victory.  The  early 
successes  were  costly  and  subjected  him  to  severe  censure,  to 
which  came  his  famous  reply,  "I  propose  to  fight  it  out  on  this 
line  if  it  takes  all  summer."  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea  and 
thence  northward  cut  off  the  Confederates  from  the  south,  Banks 
shut  in  Mobile  and  the  central  south,  SIGEL  countered  Brecken- 
ridge,  BUTLER  attacked  Richmon4  and  MEADE  covered  Washing- 
ton. SHERMAN  was  particularly  successful,  as  was  HUNTER  who 
succeeded  SIGEL,  and  the  Confederate  armies  were  shut  into  Vir- 
ginia and  the  Carolinas.  Constant  attack,  with  varying  immediate 
successes  ultimately  wore  down  first  the  LEE  and  then  the  JOHNS- 
TON resistance,  and  GENERAL  GRANT  was  acclaimed  the  victor. 

The  reconstruction  days  developed  sharp  friction  between 
PRESIDENT  JOHNSON  and  GENERAL  GRANT,  now  a  full  general 
by  act  of  Congress.  Petty  politics  played  some  very  ignoble 
roles  in  the  War  Department,  but  the  Congressional  backing 
was  such  that  GENERAL  GRANT  pulled  through  unscathed.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  president  by  a  wide  margin  over  SEYMOUR, 
while  some  disappointed  politicians  forced  HORACE  GREELEY 
against  him  for  the  second  term,  only  to  receive  a  greater  defeat. 
PRESIDENT  GRANT  resumed  specie  payment  on  the  federal  debts, 
secured  the  funding  of  the  war  debt  at  lower  interest  rates 
through  new  bond  issues,  modified  the  Indian  policy  so  that 
humanity  and  justice  replaced  brute  force,  secured  the  adoption 
of  the  Fifteenth  Amendment  to  the  Constitution,  put  competi- 
tive examinations  into  the  Civil  Service,  and  by  armed  force 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  199 

exterminated  the  unlawful  bands  that  terrorized  the  communi- 
ties where  colored  and  white  conflicts  were  rife.  His  greatest 
diplomatic  achievement  was  the  referring  of  the  Alabama  claims 
against  England  to  a  court  of  arbitration  in  Geneva,  Switzer- 
land, which  act  founded  the  permanent  friendship  of  the  two 
English-speaking  nations.  Following  his  presidency,  he  made 
a  famous  tour  of  the  world  during  which  he  visited  the  rulers 
of  each  country  through  which  he  traveled.  His  later  years 
were  seriously  impoverished  by  the  business  treachery  of  the 
junior  partner  of  the  New  York  firm  of  GRANT  &  WARD,  and 
only  the  publication  of  his  autobiography  brought  sufficient 
funds  to  secure  his  wife  against  real  want.  In  1884  cancer  at 
the  base  of  the  tongue  set  in,  and  he  passed  away  July  23,  1885. 
GENERAL  GRANT  was  as  characteristic  an  American  type  as  WASH- 
INGTON, WEBSTER  or  LINCOLN.  His  justice  and  steadfastness  were 
traits  that  healed  great  breaches  between  the  North  and  South 
during  the  reconstruction,  and  his  death  was  mourned  in  both 
sections  of  the  country. 


200  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  FOUNDER  OF  LIVESTOCK  BREEDING 

78.  ROBERT  BAKEWELL  was  the  pioneer  artisan  of  modern  live- 
stock breeding.  Born  in  Leicestershire  about  1725,  he  found 
early  advantage  over  his  contemporaries  by  a  thorough  educa- 
tion in  anatomy,  at  that  time  in  its  very  rudiments  as  a  science. 
About  1750  he  acceded  to  the  management  of  his  father's  farm 
and  immediately  put  into  application  the  knowledge  of  animal 
form  he  had  acquired  in  his  earlier  training.  The  livestock  of 
his  period  were  most  heterogeneous,  a  condition  brought  about 
as  a  result  of  crossing  Flemish  stocks  to  both  cattle  and  horses, 
and  Spanish  wools  to  sheep.  His  early  breeding  is  veiled  in 
darkest  secrecy.  He  is  reputed  jealously  to  have  excluded  from 
his  breeding  pens  those  who  would  study  his  methods  and  results, 
and  to  have  many  times  kept  animals  that  would  be  barred  from 
breeding  use  on  other  estates.  Be  that  as  it  may,  it  is  most 
likely  probable  that  his  apparent  secrecy  simply  lay  in  his 
inability  to  explain  in  his  earlier  successes  the  reasons  for  the 
homogeneity  which  was  attained  by  his  inbreeding  and  the  per- 
fection of  type  which  accrued  from  his  recognition  of  the  rela- 
tion of  external  form  to  internal  values. 

ROBERT  BAKEWELL  achieved  success  in  each  of  the  four  prin- 
cipal races  of  livestock;  Leicester  sheep,  Longhorn  cattle,  the 
Cart  Horse  (Shire),  and  the  Small  White  pig.  Due  to  the 
greater  rapidity  of  generation,  his  greatest  success  was  found 
in  his  sheep.  In  1785  he  had  as  many  as  eighty  rams  leased  to 
Sheep  Breeders'  Associations  in  his  own  and  adjacent  counties 
and  received  as  high  as  300  guineas  for  the  use  of  these  rams 
for  a  season.  His  most  celebrated  ram,  Two  Pounder,  is  reputed 
to  have  earned  800  pounds  in  one  year.  His  wide  flung  develop- 
ment of  the  sire  leasing  system  provided  one  of  the  chief  forces 
of  advancement  for  the  later  British  breeds. 

His  successes  in  his  Longhorns  were  scarcely  so  pronounced 
although  in  an  Oxfordshire  sale  in  1791,  several  bulls  of  his 


ROBERT   BAKBWBLL 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  201 

breeding  brought  about  $1,000  each,  while  two  years  later  the 
sum  of  $2,000  was  paid  for  one  animal.  His  achievements  so 
excited  the  surrounding  breeders  that  they  came  to  the  ear  of 
the  King,  and  GEORGE  THIRD  honored  this  pioneer  with  a  royal 
inquiry  concerning  his  "new  discovery  in  stock  breeding." 

ROBERT  BAKEWELL  was  clearly  of  a  scientific  mood  and  a 
research  temperament.  At  Dishley  Hall  he  maintained  a  museum 
wherein  he  preserved  both  skeletons  and  pickled  joints  illustrat- 
ing the  results  he  had  attained.  Most  of  the  exhibits  were  from 
the  Leicesters,  but  one  joint  at  least  was  a  relic  of  the  notable 
Old  Comely  that  died  at  twenty-six  years  of  age  with  a  full 
four  inch  fat  covering  above  his  sirloin.  As  far  as  is  known, 
BAKEWELL  never  enunciated  his  principles  of  breeding,  but  as 
crystallized  from  his  experience  one  finds  the  following  five 
axioms  which  have  guided  breeders  of  livestock  for  over  a 
century: 

Like  begets  like. 

Variation  exists  in  all  stocks. 

Select  an  ideal  type. 

Breed  the  best  to  the  best. 

Inbreeding  produces  fixity  of  type,  refinement  and  early 
maturity. 


202  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

ORATOR,  PATRIOT,  STATESMAN 

79.  The  first  American  statesman  really  to  become  prominent 
as  a  director  of  opposition,  during  the  successes  of  JEFFERSON, 
MADISON,  MONROE  and  JACKSON,  was  DANIEL  WEBSTER.  He  was 
born  in  Salisbury  (Now  Franklin),  N.  H.,  January  18,  1782. 
As  a  child  he  was  very  sickly  and  was  allowed  much  leisure 
time  which  he  spent  in  fishing,  hunting,  roaming  the  woods  and 
reading.  His  thirst  for  knowledge  was  insatiable,  and  he  read 
every  book  that  came  within  his  reach,  conning  his  favorite 
authors  until  their  most  salient  thoughts  were  permanently 
stored  in  his  memory.  In  1796  he  was  sent  to  Exeter  Academy 
where  he  overcame  a  natural  timidity  and  developed  a  real 
gift  as  an  orator.  Although  very  poor,  his  father  felt  that  there 
was  great  promise  in  young  DANIEL,  and  decided  to  send  him 
to  college.  After  six  months  preparation  under  a  private  tutor 
he  entered  Dartmouth  where  he  graduated  in  1801.  While  in 
college  he  was  not  considered  a  thorough  scholar  but  his  mem- 
ory was  prodigious,  and  power  of  convincing  statement 
unrivalled.  He  became  recognized  as  a  remarkable  speaker, 
and,  although  at  the  time  an  undergraduate,  he  was  selected  by 
the  Hanover  townspeople  to  deliver  the  Fourth  of  July  oration 
in  1800. 

After  leaving  college  he  read  law  with  SENATOR  THOMAS  W. 
THOMPSON  in  Salisbury,  and  taught  school  at  Fryeburg,  Me., 
for  a  few  months  in  order  to  send  his  brother  EZEKIEL  to  college. 
In  1804  he  removed  to  Boston  where  he  entered  the  office  of 
CHRISTOPHER  GORE,  as  student  and  clerk.  One  year  later  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  practiced  his  profession  at  Bos- 
cawen,  N.  H.  In  1807  he  turned  his  business  over  to  his  brother 
EZEKIEL  and  located  in  Portsmouth,  where  his  reputation  as  a 
barrister  grew  rapidly.  He  was  soon  considered  a  worthy  antag- 
onist to  JEREMIAH  MASON,  one  of  the  ablest  lawyers  produced 
in  America. 


OF   THE  SADDLE   AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  203 

His  first  important  political  pamphlet  was  a  criticism  on  the 
embargo  laws,  published  in  1808.  In  1812  he  made  a  speech 
in  Portsmouth  which  summarized  the  objections  of  the  New 
Englanders  to  the  war  just  declared  against  Great  Britain.  This 
speech  brought  him  wide  recognition  as  an  orator  and  in  1813 
he  took  his  seat  in  Congress,  being  made  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Foreign  Relations.  In  1816  he  moved  to  Boston,  and 
at  the  expiration  of  his  second  term  of  Congress  in  1817,  he 
retired  to  private  life.  He  built  up  his  law  practice  and  soon 
found  himself  at  the  head  of  the  American  Bar.  The  tariff  of 
1828  furnished  an  occasion  for  the  display  of  MR.  WEBSTER'S 
strong  Federalist  spirit,  and  he  earned  undying  fame  as  an 
orator  and  statesman.  His  reply  to  HAYNE,  January  25,  1830, 
has  been  characterized  as  the  most  genuinely  powerful  oration 
delivered  since  that  of  DEMOSTHENES  on  the  crown.  In  1839 
he  visited  England,  gaining  a  cordial  reception  and  sincere 
admiration. 

He  was  appointed,  Secretary  of  State  in  1840  under  WILLIAM 
HENRY  HARRISON,  and  showed  a  remarkable  ability  and  diplo- 
macy. Owing  to  a  quarrel  between  the  Northern  and  Southern 
Whigs  following  the  death  of  PRESIDENT  HARRISON,  all 
of  the  members  of  the  cabinet,  except  MR.  WEBSTER,  resigned 
in  an  effort  to  force  PRESIDENT  TYLER  to  resign.  WEBSTER  was 
involved  in  a  series  of  negotiations  with  Great  Britain,  on  the 
treaty  concerning  the  Canadian  border,  and  felt  that  he  should 
finish  this  problem  before  abandoning  his  portfolio.  The 
Whigs  attributed  this  failure  to  back  them  up  to  unworthy 
motives  and  as  soon  as  the  treaty  was  signed,  opened  severe 
newspaper  attack  requiring  his  resignation.  Once  the  treaty 
was  firmly  established  he  responded  to  their  challenge  and 
resumed  his  law  practice  in  Boston.  Two  years  later  he  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  and  took  an  active  part  in  opposing 
the  incipient  movements  of  that  day  to  disrupt  the  Union.  On 


204  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

PRESIDENT  TAYLOR'S  death  in  1850  he  became  once  more  Secre- 
tary of  State,  under  PRESIDENT  FILLMORE.  He  was  candidate 
for  presidential  nomination  in  1852  but  was  defeated  by  both 
PRESIDENT  FILLMORE  and  GENERAL  SCOTT.  His  health  began 
to  fail  rapidly  and  on  September  8,  he  left  Washington  for  his 
home  in  Marshfield.  His  death  occurred  October  24,  1852. 

For  sheer  power  of  intellect  and  personality,  DANIEL  WEBSTER 
stands  without  equal  in  American  history.  His  independence 
of  thought  and  his  tremendous  personal  courage  have  been  a 
source  of  inspiration  to  hundreds  of  young  lawyers  since  his 
day,  and  his  example  has  furnished  consolation  to  more  than 
one  statesman  who  has  braved  popular  opposition.  His  demeanor 
and  carriage  exhibited  a  loftiness  of  ideals  that  won  respect 
and  confidence  in  any  company,  and  he  died  admired  both  by 
British  and  American  statesmen  and  literary  men. 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  205 

A  MAN  OF  A  THOUSAND  TALENTS 

80.  "A  long  green  coat  with  velvet  collar  and  big  yellow  but- 
tons, a  colored  handkerchief,  long  yellow  cashmere  vest,  knee- 
breeches,  very  wide  top  boots,  and  plain  black  hat,"  thus  cata- 
logs WM.  McCoMBiE  the  "plain"  dress  of  the  gentleman  of  Ury, 
CAPT.  BARCLAY.  He  was  acknowledgedly  the  greatest  all  around 
sportsman  of  his  day,  active  in  fox  hunt,  prize  ring,  and  local 
regiment,  performer  with  courser  and  coach,  claimant  to  the 
earldom  of  Airth  and  Monteith,  apologist  for  Quaker  and  finan- 
cier for  tenant  farmer,  the  very  cornerstone  of  the  Shorthorn 
foundation  in  Aberdeenshire.  Of  manly  scope  himself,  all  of 
his  operations  breathed  of  bigness.  "His  cattle  must  be  up  to 
their  knees  in  grass  and  his  wheat-wagons  with  four  or  six  horses 
and  the  drag  on  seemed  like  an  earthquake  to  the  Aberdonians 
when  they  rumbled  down  Marischal  street  to  the  harbor.  Well 
might  the  surveyor  tremble  by  reason  of  them  for  the  safety 
of  the  Old  Bridge."  McCoMBiE  asserts  that  "his  horses  were 
the  strongest  and  his  fields  the  largest  in  the  country.  He  once 
said  that  he  did  not  like  a  field  in  which  the  cattle  could  see 
one  another  every  day."  Ury  embraced  some  4,000  acres,  of 
which  four  hundred  were  in  highest  tilth,  reclaimed  from  the 
stony  littoral  of  the  Grampians'  Pleistocene. 

His  Shorthorn  operations  opened  in  1822,  but  his  success  was 
grounded  in  the  purchase  of  Lady  Sarah  in  the  dispersion  of 
Mason  of  Chilton's  herd  in  1829.  Her  son  Monarch,  dropped 
soon  after  her  arrival  at  Ury,  was  rebred  to  her  and  from  this 
union  came  the  foundation  bulls  of  Ury's  success,  the  notable 
Mahommed  and  Sovereign.  Sold  out  of  the  herd,  the  former 
bull  was  repurchased  on  the  basis  of  his  breeding  successes 
elsewhere,  and  remained  in  the  herd  until  1841.  In  1838  the 
first  herd,  with  the  exception  of  Mahommed,  was  dispersed  to 
tide  the  Captain  over  financial  difficulties,  some  eighty  head  real- 
izing a  total  of  3,000  guineas.  The  Lady  Sarah  blood  was  par- 


206  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

ticularly  valuable,  three  heifers  sired  by  Monarch  bringing  over 
$500  apiece.  Two  years  was  as  long  as  the  Captain  could 
abstain  from  Shorthorn  operations,  however,  and  in  1840  he 
once  more  established  his  herd  with  Mahommed  as  its  head. 
But  the  new  herd  was  shortlived  and  its  excellence  hardly  up 
to  the  standard  of  the  original  Lady  Sarah  collection.  On  Sep- 
tember 22,  1847,  the  final  dispersion  took  place  under  the  gavel 
of  WILLIAM  WETHERELL  (83). 

His  athletic  achievements  were  his  pride.  At  a  coursing  meet- 
ing where  he  first  met  HUGH  WATSON,  he  discovered  a  man  after 
his  own  heart,  and  according  to  DIXON  "asked  him  as  if  it  was 
a  highly  inteHectual  treat,  'Would  you  like  to  see  me  strip 
tonight  and  feel  my  muscle?' '  He  once  walked  1,000  miles 
in  1,000  hours  on  a  wager.  He  drove  the  "Defiance,"  a  coach 
in  which  he  had  both  sporting  and  financial  interest,  all  the 
miles  from  London  to  Aberdeen,  some  500,  without  leaving  the 
box.  He  won  thereby  a  bet  of  £1,000,  and  was  so  flushed  with 
victory  that  upon  a  friend's  remark  that  he  must  be  tired  he 
rejoined,  "I  have  £1,000  that  says  I  can  drive  back  to  London 
again,  starting  in  the  morn."  He  bred  a  famous  race  of  game 
fowls,  and  always  backed  his  birds  to  the  limit  for  pit  victories. 

A  close  friend  epitomizes  him  as  "a  great  eater,  a  man  of 
fine  simple  faith  and  always  in  condition,"  and  "The  Druid" 
closes  his  career  as  follows: 

"On  New  Year's  Day  he  had  always  his  friends  to  dinner, 
and  he  sat  obscured  to  the  chin  behind  the  round  of  beef  which 
two  men  brought  in  on  a  trencher.  MR.  KINNEAR  was  the  per- 
petual Vice  and  everybody  made  a  speech.  The  Captain's  was 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  207 

quite  an  oration  or  rather  resume  of  the  year,  and  concluded 
with  a  special  eulogium  of  those  who  'have  died  since  our  last 
anniversary.'  Not  infrequently  he  killed  one  or  two  before 
their  time,  perhaps  more  from  a  little  dry  humor  than  by  mis- 
take; and  then  he  begged  their  pardon  and  said,  'it  did'nt  matter 
much.'  For  some  time  before  his  death  he  had  suffered  slightly 
from  paralysis;  but  a  kick  from  a  pony  produced  a  crisis,  and 
two  days  after  when  they  went  to  awake  him  on  the  May  morn- 
ing of  '54,  he  was  found  dead  in  bed.  He  lies  in  the  cemetery 
of  Ury,  about  a  mile  from  his  old  home — the  trainer  of  pugilists 
with  the  gentle  apolojgist  for  Quakers — and  his  claim  to  the 
earldom  of  Airth  and  Monteith  seemed  to  die  out  with  him." 


208  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  KNIGHT  OF  BRITISH  AGRICULTURE 

81.  In  Britain  during  the  last  century,  there  were  many  men 
whose  showyard  and  farming  successes  elicited  the  commenda- 
tion and  reward  of  loyalty.  From  only  one  man,  however,  came 
such  breadth  and  definiteness  of  achievement  as  to  result  in 
knighthood.  This  notable  contributor  to  rural  welfare  was  the 
late  SIR  WALTER  GILBEY  of  Elsenham  Hall.  On  the  recommen- 
dation of  EDWARD  the  VII,  then  Prince  of  Wales,  QUEEN  VIC- 
TORIA put  her  pen  to  the  necessary  papers  to  make  him  a  Bar- 
onet, in  recognition  of  his  distinguished  achievements  in  horse 
breeding,  the  literature  of  livestock  and  general  agriculture. 
The  copy  of  his  portrait  by  SIR  W.  PUGH  ORCHARDSON  that 
hangs  on  the  Club  walls  was  prepared  by  ARTIST  NYHOLM.  The 
original  portrait  was  paid  for  by  the  subscriptions  of  over 
twelve  hundred  different  people;  Americans,  Canadians,  Aus- 
tralians, Scots  and  Irish,  joining  with  native  Britishers  in  this 
testimonial.  SIR  WALTER  received  the  portrait  publicly  in  1891, 
at  the  Royal  Agricultural  Hall  in  London.  The  ceremonies 
were  under  the  direction  of  Duke  of  Portland,  Master  of  Horse 
to  the  Crown,  and  the  presentation  was  at  the  hand  of  the  Prince 
of  Wales. 

SIR  WALTER  GILBEY'S  origins  were  humble;  his  father  was 
a  stagecoach  driver  on  the  run  between  Essex  and  Whitechapel, 
and  every  childhood  influence  directed  him  toward  the  equine 
world.  His  first  business  undertakings  were  in  the  sale  and 
buying  of  horses,  a  business  that  soon  developed  into  a  great 
agricultural  and  mercantile  trade.  From  early  poverty  he 
attained  enormous  wealth  and  his  money  was  freely  spent  to 
procure  rural  advancement.  From  the  beginning  his  interest 
lay  in  the  production  of  Shires,  Hackneys,  Hunters  and  Ponies. 
It  is  related  that  his  first  horse  was  purchased  from  his  small 
winnings  at  cribbage  while  on  a  non-military  mission  in  the 
Crimea.  In  order  to  secure  the  time  to  play,  he  traded  his  rum 


SIR  WALTER  GILBEY 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  209 

ration  to  thirsty  soldiers  for  their  candle  issues.  Among  his 
earliest  ventures  was  the  opening  of  a  wine  shop  from  which 
he  stepped  into  the  position  of  wholesale  wine  merchant.  This 
latter  business  developed  to  such  an  extent  that  in  his  latest 
years  his  taxes  amounted  to  five  million  dollars  annually. 

An  earnest  student  of  breeding  practice,  his  interest  in  the 
origin  and  source  of  British  types  was  insatiable,  and  the  results 
of  his  researches  are  recorded  in  the  pamphlets  and  books  he 
has  published.  Most  of  these  were  published  from  the  press 
of  VINTON  &  Co.,  agricultural  publishers,  a  corporation  in  which 
he  held  much  capital  stock,  and  to  whose  London  Livestock 
Journal  he  devoted  some  attention  in  his  later  years. 

The  English  Cart  Horse,  the  Hackney  and  the  Hunter  were 
rescued  from  deterioration  and  perhaps  oblivion  through  his 
good  offices.  He  gathered  a  group  of  interested  men  and  re- 
established the  Shire  Horse  Stud  Book  of  England.  As  earnest 
of  his  interest,  he  paid  $4,300  for  the  stallion  Spark  at  a  crucial 
period  in  Shire  market  values.  He  was  elected  president  of  the 
Shire  Horse  Society  and  through  his  widespread  interest  suc- 
ceeded in  having  the  Royal  Commission  on  Horse  Breeding 
established.  In  1894  he  paid  $25,000  for  the  Hackney  stallion 
Danegelt  in  order  to  prevent  his  exportation,  and  placed  him 
in  service  at  Elsenham  stud.  Although  this  horse  lived  but  three 
seasons  thereafter,  his  investment  proved  most  profitable,  since 
the  Danegelt  blood  has  dominated  showyard  pedigrees  ever 
since.  His  equipment  for  harness  horses  was  one  of  the  most 
complete  and  original  in  the  entire  world,  his  arrangement  of 
paddocks  and  his  equipment  of  riding  and  driving  schools  being 
recognizedly  superlative  in  Britain. 

SIR  WALTER  was  president  of  the  Hackney  Horse  Society,  the 
Hunter  Improvement  Society,  the  Polo  Pony  Society,  the  Shet- 
land Pony  Society,  the  Essex  Agricultural  Society,  and  the 
Smithfield  Club.  He  was  the  originator  of  the  annual  London 


210  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Cart  Horse  Parade,  probably  the  most  imposing  draft  display  in 
existence. 

An  earnest  student  of  the  problems  of  land  owner  and  tenant 
in  Britain,  his  contributions  to  rural  uplift  were  of  the  practical 
sort.  It  is  related  that  in  erecting  cottages  for  his  tenants  he 
insisted  that  the  wash  house  and  the  coal  hole  be  built  apart 
from  the  cottage.  "No  man  wants  to  come  home  to  his  dinner 
or  his  supper,  and  find  the  place  full  of  steam  and  soapsuds." 
His  portrait  rightly  hangs  beside  those  of  other  masters  of  an 
early  agriculture,  since  his  public  recognition  was  more  wide- 
spread and  his  achievements  more  immediately  rewarded. 


OF  THE  SADDLE   AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  211 

A  PATRON  SAINT  OF  AMERICAN  STOCK  BREEDING 

82.  Woodburn  Farm  is  a  name  to  conjure  with  among  those 
devoted  students  of  the  art  of  breeding  who  builded  the  hus- 
bandry of  the  last  half  of  the  nineteenth  century.  ROBERT  A. 
ALEXANDER  and  his  brother,  A.  J.  ALEXANDER,  were  natives  of 
Scotland,  but  early  in  life  purchased  a  princely  estate  at  Wood- 
burn,  Woodford  Co.,  Kentucky,  a  few  miles  west  of  Lexington. 
Housing  and,  stabling  of  stone  brought  something  of  the  Scot- 
tish permanence  to  the  high  tilthed  acres  of  the  farm,  and  noth- 
ing was  omitted  to  give  grace  and  worth  to  this  notable  estate. 
Two  breeds  of  livestock,  trotting  horses  and  Shorthorn  cattle 
vie  with  each  other  in  proclaiming  the  fulness  of  debt  they  owe 
to  the  ALEXANDERS.  In  the  history  of  the  American  trotters  who 
can  surpass  the  romance  of  Alexander's  Abdallah,  ridden  to 
death  by  the  MORGAN  raiders,  or  who  can  rival  the  breeding 
annals  of  Miss  Russell,  dam  of  sixteen  foals.  By  Harold,  half- 
brother  both  of  the  ill  starred  Abdallah  and  the  ever  illustrious 
George  Wilkes,  she  produced  eight  foals,  among  them  the  cham- 
pion Maud  S.,  while  from  Belmont,  Abdallah's  supreme  son, 
came  eight  more  foals  with  the  magnificent  Nutwood  as  pre- 
mier. Who  can  vie  with  the  endurance  of  the  great  four-mile 
Thoroughbred  runner,  Lexington?  The  sources  of  broodmare 
excellence  were  cradled  in  this  farm.  Sally,  Lady  Russell,  and 
Water  Witch,  how  these  names  stir  the  memory  of  the  harness 
lover,  whether  he  be  breeder  or  track  follower,  and  yet  how 
these  mares  contributed  not  only  to  the  harness  bloodlines,  but 
also  to  the  Thoroughbreds  and  runners  of  Kentucky's  palmiest 
days. 

Modern  agriculture  was  reached  through  Shorthorn,  Jersey, 
Cotswold  and  Southdown.  Today  the  venerated  bluegrass 
swards  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  are  dotted  white  with  the 
rich  meated  products  of  the  master  hands  of  ELLMAN  and  WEBB, 
bequeathed  through  the  genius  of  the  master  of  Woodburn.  But 


212  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

it  was  in  the  Shorthorn  that  MR.  ALEXANDER  displayed  his  clear- 
est genius  as  a  constructive  shaper  of  bovine  destiny.  In  the 
winter  of  1852-53,  the  two  ALEXANDERS  visited  Great  Britain 
with  the  determination  to  lay  foundations  for  a  great  Shorthorn 
herd.  Sixty-eight  cows  and  heifers  and  fifteen  bulls,  evidenced 
the  thoroughness  and  the  permanence  of  their  intentions.  From 
two  of  these  animals  MR.  ALEXANDER  produced  Duchess  of  Air- 
drie,  the  first  of  the  great  line  that  played  such  a  noteworthy 
role  in  American  Shorthorn  industry.  Further  importations 
only  strengthened  the  foundation  stock,  and  Woodburn  became 
the  nursery  for  much  that  was  historic  in  the  adolescent  days 
of  American  breeding.  Few  pedigree  matings  were  planned  to 
concentrate  the  bloods  of  the  individual  strains,  but  the  spec- 
ulations which  became  rife  in  Airdrie  bloodlines  found  their 
sources  in  other  herds.  Throughout  the  Civil  War  the  herd 
prospered  in  the  custody  of  J.  M.  WOODRUFF  in  Indiana,  and 
the  period  of  expansion  of  post-bellum  days  found  Woodburn 
in  a  position  to  -dominate  the  bloodlines  of  the  new  herds  of 
Illinois,  Iowa  and  the  Central  West.  In  the  60's,  MR.  ALEX- 
ANDER'S herd  had  become  so  firmly  established  that  more  than 
one  return  importation  was  made  to  England,  particularly  of 
the  Dukes  of  Airdrie.  R.  A.  ALEXANDER  died  December  1,  1867, 
but  his  brother  continued  the  operations  at  Woodburn  until  well 
toward  the  close  of  the  century.  While  no  such  constructive 
achievements  were  attained  in  all  breeds  as  in  the  Shorthorn, 
it  is  noteworthy  that  the  Woodburn  contributions  to  Jersey 
breeding  were  large  factors  in  the  extension  of  this  breed 
throughout  the  South,  and  that  their  importation  and  distribu- 
tion of  Cotswolds  did  much  to  further  long  wool  interests  at  a 
time  when  strong  moral  and  financial  backing  was  needed.  As 
a  nursery  of  improved  livestock,  Woodburn  stands  supreme  in 
American  agricultural  history,  and  its  peer  has  not  yet  been 
developed. 


ROBERT    A.    ALEXANDER 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  213 

A  RARE  OLD  WORTHY  OF  THE  BRITISH  AUCTION  BLOCK 

83.  "The  Nestor"  of  the  notable  fraternity  which  centered  in 
the  Tees  valley  of  the  18th  and  early  19th  centuries  was  the 
redoubtable  WILLIAM  WETHERELL.  No  one  knew  more  of  the 
original  bovine  divinities,  no  one  entered  more  fully  into  the 
confidence  of  the  early  directors  of  Durham  destinies,  and  no 
one  had  more  abiding  faith  or  courage  in  the  future  of  the  red, 
white  and  roan.  Three  times  did  natural  or  economic  exigen- 
cies deprive  MR.  WETHERELL  of  the  rewards  of  his  labor,  and 
four  times  with  undiminished  courage  did  he  build  up  a  Short- 
horn herd.  His  stimulus  was  first  received  in  1810  at  the  KETTON 
dispersal,  while  Barmpton's  first  public  vendue,  eight  years  later, 
offered  him  the  opportunity  for  his  initial  purchases. 

At  Aldro,  MR.  WETHERELL  developed  a  wellspring  of  com- 
mercial interests  and  optimism  accessible  to  all  the  members 
of  that  early  bovine  brotherhood.  His  herdsman,  JOHN  WARD, 
was  a  master  of  showyard  wizardry,  despite  the  severe  competi- 
tion. WETHERELL  himself  was  an  auctioneer  of  nation  wide 
repute  and  served  at  many  a  notable  offering.  In  1847  he 
closed  out  BARCLAY'S  (80)  second  Ury  herd  and  was  extremely 
popular  with  many  another  of  the  Shorthorn  worthies.  He  was 
a  constant  and  liberal  buyer,  never  hesitating  to  push  prices 
to  the  top.  Bad  luck  never  discouraged  him  and  he  met  with 
truest  bravery  the  almost  instantaneous  loss  of  twenty-four  cows 
from  pleuro-pneumonia.  At  another  time  he  was  forced  to  sacri- 
fice the  best  bull  he  ever  possessed  as  a  result  of  developing  a 
dangerous  temper. 

At  his  dispersion  he  spoke  trenchantly  of  "auld  acquaentance," 
and  the  old  blue  bullock-van  that  had  transported  the  "Cumber- 


214  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

land  Ox"  over  the  countryside  was  catalog  and  counting  house 
for  the  settlement  of  the  sale  responsibilities.  WETHERELL  was 
aggressive  and  persistent,  and  both  among  his  colleagues  and  the 
younger  generation  of  breeders,  he  was  a  never  failing  source 
of  facts  on  Shorthorn  beginnings.  His  ideas  of  type  were  inflex- 
ible; he  fought  the  craze  for  mere  elephantism  and  preached 
powerfully  of  rugged  constitutions.  He  was  one  of  the  best 
judges  of  his  day  and  a  notable  proponent  of  the  red,  white 
and  roan  in  public  debate  and  private  argument. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  215 

"FIRST  FARMER  OF  ENGLAND" 

84.  Success  has  always  come  to  him  who  has  both  brains  and 
property.  This  is  the  tale  of  a  farmer  who  rose  by  brains  and 
without  property,  a  tenant  farmer  who  ultimately  earned  the 
title  of  the  "first  farmer  of  England."  WILLIAM  TORR  was  of 
Lincolnshire.  He  gained  the  qualifications  that  ultimately 
earned  him  his  enviable  sobriquet  by  mastering  completely, 
one  stage  at  a  time,  each  of  the  practices  necessary  for  perfec- 
tion in  farm  management.  First  of  all,  he  wrought  with  the 
soil,  and  worked  on  the  best  methods  of  tillage  until  to  equal 
his  crops  became  the  despair  of  his  brother  tenants  of  the  east 
of  England.  He  then  took  up  sheep,  selecting  the  breed  of 
BAKEWELL  (78)  and  show  and  market  alike  gave  unstinted  appro- 
bation to  his  carcasses  and  fleeces. 

These  successes  made  it  possible  for  him  to  take  up  the  breed- 
ing of  Shorthorns,  and  in  1844  he  opened  his  real  career  as 
cattle  breeder  by  leasing  the  famous  Leonard  of  BOOTH  breed- 
ing. MR.  TORR  had  an  ultimate  ideal  in  mind  and  selected  con- 
tinuously toward  it.  Smooth  laid  shoulder,  wide  flung  fore- 
ribs,  powerful  loins  and  wealth  of  flesh  represented  his  ideal 
in  form,  while  mellow  touch  and  furry  coat  were  as  distinctly 
his  concept  of  cover.  At  the  Kirklevington  dispersion  of  1849, 
MR.  TORR  found  much  of  merit  in  the  Waterloos,  and  developed 
the  strain  in  his  own  herd  by  crossing  on  Booth  bulls. 

MR.  TORR  once  sai4  "it  takes  thirty  years  for  any  man  to  make 
a  herd  and  bring  it  to  one's  notion  of  perfection."  He  devoted 
just  that  length  of  time  to  Shorthorn  cattle,  when  his  death 
occurred  in  1875.  From  all  over  the  kingdom  came  purchasers 
to  Aylesby,  and  even  though  accommodations  had  been  prepared 


216  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

for  fifteen  hundred  guests,  and  a  sale  canvas  set  up  to  accom- 
modate two  thousand  buyers,  the  crowds  so  overwhelmed  the 
vicinity  that  the  scene  has  never  been  paralleled  in  agricultural 
history.  MR.  TORR'S  eighty-five  head  of  Aylesby  production 
brought  a  total  of  over  $243,000,  the  cattle  going  to  Scotland, 
Ireland  and  New  Zealand.  Many  of  the  best  were  taken  to 
Warlaby  to  rejuvenate  and  refresh  the  Booth  stocks,  overdone 
by  years  of  showyard  fitting. 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  217 

THE  WONDER  WORKER  OF  KILLERBY 

85.  The  fashioning  of  the  stocks  that  carried  on  the  rich 
improvements  of  the  Shorthorn  breed  wrought  by  the  Ceiling's 
fell  largely  into  the  hands  of  THOMAS  BATES  (74)  and  the  BOOTH 
family  (76).  While  both  believed  in  the  fundamental  excel- 
lence of  the  Favorite-Hubback  blood,  there  were  vital  differ- 
ences in  the  way  the  pedigrees  were  handled,  and  the  BOOTHS 
had  recourse  to  the  Colling  foundation  only  through  the  males, 
depending  on  the  stock  of  the  surrounding  country  for  the 
females.  Beginning  with  the  elder  BOOTH  in  1790,  the  family 
was  intimately  interested  in  the  development  of  better  Short- 
horns for  a  period  of  nearly  ninety  years,  each  generation 
stamping  its  individuality  on  the  herd.  The  work  of  THOMAS 
BOOTH  SR.  was  carried  on  separately  by  his  two  sons,  RICHARD 
at  Studley  and  later  at  the  paternal  estate  of  Warlaby,  and  JOHN 
at  Killerby.  JOHN  BOOTH'S  showyard  successes  were  tremen- 
dous and  his  sale  of  stock  throughout  the  thirties  and  forties 
so  prodigious  that  he  almost  never  could  meet  his  demands. 

When  JOHN  BOOTH  laid  aside  his  mantle  of  achievement,  he 
left  to  his  son,  THOMAS  C.  BOOTH,  perhaps  one  of  the  most 
difficult  tasks  a  young  breeder  has  ever  faced.  The  Bates  blood 
was  in  its  ascendancy,  and  while  showyard  and  tenant  farmer 
in  Britain  had  accorded  the  highest  recognition  to  the  practical 
qualities  of  the  BOOTH  cattle,  the  "fashionableness"  of  the 
Duchesses  and  their  corresponding  sale  values  were  undeniable. 
Furthermore  the  great  days  of  his  uncle  RICHARD  had  arrived 
and  he  had  scant  hope  for  recognition  in  the  face  of  the  really 
notable  achievements  of  the  Warlaby  herds.  With  spirit  of  the 
true  soldier,  however,  he  buckled  to  his  task,  and  as  he  received 
some  assistance  in  the  way  of  show  animals  from  his  UNCLE 
RICHARD  following  his  father's  dispersion  sale  of  1852,  he  early 
gained  a  nucleus  on  which  to  build.  On  his  father's  death  in 
1857,  he  became  the  dominant  figure  in  the  Killerby  herd. 


218  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

When,  too,  his  uncle  passed  on  in  1864,  he  succeeded  to  most 
of  the  Warlaby  animals  and  reunited  such  of  the  BOOTH  strains 
as  had  become  separated  during  the  previous  years.  During 
the  succeeding  five  years  the  BOOTH  herds  reached  the  height 
of  their  show  career.  At  the  Royal  of  1868  the  two  breed  cham- 
pions came  from  Killerby,  Commander-in-Chief  and  Lady 
Fragrant,  and  in  1869  at  the  last  appearance  of  the  BOOTHS  at 
the  Royal,  Lady  Fragrant  was  again  supreme. 

Long  periods  of  showing  and  high  fitting  had  adversely 
affected  the  BOOTH  stock,  however,  and  there  was  a  marked 
Decrease  in  the  fertility  of  the  herd.  Whether  this  was  due  to 
the  effect  of  the  conditioning  of  the  animals  or  whether  in  the 
search  for  the  meatiest,  animals  that  were  pathologically  fat 
had  been  retained,  is  unknown,  but  there  is  little  doubt  that 
the  herd  stood  in  need  of  regeneration.  The  only  certain  source 
of  BOOTH  quality  outside  of  Killerby  itself  was  found  in  the 
herd  of  WILLIAM  TORR  (84)  and  hence  at  the  Aylesby  Manor  dis- 
persion of  1875,  following  MR.  TORR'S  death,  T.  C.  BOOTH  was 
both  a  liberal  and  constructive  bidder.  During  the  two  or  three 
years  immediately  preceding  this  purchase  the  Killerby  herd 
had  been  ravaged  by  foot  and  mouth  disease,  hence  MR.  BOOTH'S 
problem  was  more  than  a  pedigree  one. 

From  thenceforward  until  his  death  in  1878,  MR.  BOOTH'S 
progress  was  phenomenal,  exports  to  America  being  numerous 
and  the  Irish  demand  insatiable.  The  last  of  a  family  of 
masters,  THOMAS  C.  BOOTH  bridged  the  period  of  incubation 
in  England's  north  country  and  carried  successfully  into  modern 
time  the  standards  and  ideals  so  ably  formulated  by  his  notable 
ancestors. 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  219 

FATHER  OF  OUR  COUNTRY 

86.  GENERAL  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  first  president  of  the 
United  States,  was  born  at  Pope's  Creek,  Westmoreland  Co., 
Va.,  February  22,  1732.  His  great  grandfather,  JOHN  WASHING- 
TON, was  a  Yorkshireman,  and  crossed  to  Virginia  in  1657.  The 
family  was  prominent  in  the  history  of  the  province,  each  gen- 
eration contributing  materially  to  its  social,  political  and  eco- 
nomic life.  Tradition  records  that  the  future  statesman's  boy- 
hood was  guided  by  an  unusually  devoted  mother  of  scrupulous 
fidelity  and  firmness.  To  her  is  due  his  retention  as  an  Ameri- 
can, for  his  older  half-brother  secured  for  him  a  warrant  in  the 
British  navy  as  midshipman,  and  he  only  forewent  its  acceptance 
on  her  earnest  remonstrance. 

His  school  work  prepared  him  for  a  surveyor  and  from  the 
age  of  sixteen  until  nineteen  he  employed  himself  at  this  pro- 
fession. His  surveys  of  the  Allegheny  valleys  and  hills  con- 
stituted a  remarkable  contribution  to  the  provincial  organiza- 
tion and  some  of  his  benchmarks  serve  as  bases  for  the  modern 
division  of  land  in  Virginia. 

In  1851  he  was  commissioned  an  adjutant  of  the  Virginia 
militia  with  the  rank  of  major,  and  although  he  journeyed 
shortly  thereafter  to  the  West  Indies  with  his  half-brother 
Lawrence,  he  was  ultimately  given  charge  of  one  of  the  grand 
military  divisions  of  the  province.  The  death  of  Lawrence  per- 
mitted him  to  succeed  to  Mt.  Vernon  and  he  began  a  series  of 
agricultural  operations  whose  details  will  be  recounted  later. 

The  French  and  Indian  Wars  established  his  military  repu- 
tation. His  trip  to  the  Ohio  Valley  to  interview  the  commander 
of  the  French  forces  as  an  emissary  of  GOVERNOR  DINWIDDIE 
permitted  him  to  learn  much  of  the  country  and  tactics  of 
savage  warfare,  and  "from  that  moment,"  says  WASHINGTON 
IRVING,  "he  was  the  rising  hope  of  Virginia."  His  defense  of 
Fort  Necessity  and  his  service  as  aide-de-camp  to  GENERAL 


220  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

BRADDOCK  enhanced  his  prestige,  while  the  reduction  of  Ft. 
Duquesne  made  him  America's  military  leader.  In  1759  the 
wars  had  ceased  sufficiently  so  that  he  was  enabled  to  marry 
MARTHA  CUSTIS,  one  of  the  wealthiest  widows  of  Virginia,  and. 
to  indulge  his  agricultural  tastes.  He  became  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  house  of  burgesses,  and  took  an  earnest  interest  in 
politics,  but  "it  is  not  known  that  he  ever  made  a  set  speech 
or  entered  into  a  stormy  debate."  He  was  one  of  Virginia's 
delegates  to  the  first  and  second  Continental  Congresses.  On 
the  return  from  the  first  congress  a  friend  inquired  of  PATRICK 
HENRY  whom  he  considered  the  greatest  man  in  the  congress. 
HENRY'S  reply  has  gone  into  history:  "If  you  speak  of  elo- 
quence, MR.  RUTLEDGE  of  South  Carolina,  is  by  far  the  greatest 
orator;  but  if  you  speak  of  solid  information  and  sound  judg- 
ment, COL.  WASHINGTON  is  undoubtedly  the  greatest  man  on 
that  floor." 

He  was  appointed  commander-in-chief  of  the  Continental 
forces  by  the  second  congress,  a  position  he  accepted  with  sin- 
cerity and  humility.  His  service  from  the  successful  siege  of 
Boston  to  the  surrender  of  Yorktown  continually  demonstrated 
his  military  prowess.  After  his  masterly  defense  of  the  Dela- 
ware, FREDERICK  THE  GREAT  declared  his  campaign  "the  most 
brilliant  achievement  recorded  in  military  annals,"  while  some 
years  later  he  sent  GENERAL  WASHINGTON  a  portrait  of  himself 
inscribed  in  his  own  handwriting  as  follows:  "From  the  oldest 
general  in  Europe  to  the  greatest  general  in  the  world." 

His  indignant  refusal  of  a  crown  and  his  patriotic  adjust- 
ment of  the  difficulties  of  the  army  over  lack  of  pay,  made  him 
a  statesman  at  a  time  when  partisanship  ran  rampant.  In  1794 
he  announced  as  his  principles  of  a  sound  government,  to  make 
the  United  States  an  independent  power,  "First,  an  indissoluble 
union  of  the  states  under  one  federal  head;  second,  a  sacred 
regard  for  public  justice;  third,  the  adoption  of  a  proper  peace 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  221 

establishment;  and  fourth,  the  prevalence  of  that  pacific  and 
friendly  disposition  among  the  people  of  the  United  States  which 
will  induce  them  to  forget  their  local  prejudices  and  policies, 
to  make  those  mutual  concessions  which  are  requisite  to  the 
general  prosperity,  and  in  some  instances  to  sacrifice  their  indi- 
vidual advantages  to  the  interest  of  the  community.  These  are 
the  pillars  on  which  the  glorious  fabric  of  our  independence 
and  national  character  must  rest."  For  a  period  of  five  years 
he  was  able  again  to  pursue  his  beloved  agriculture  and  enter- 
tained widely  with  hunts  and  explorations.  He  headed  the  Vir- 
ginia delegation  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  and  was  unani- 
mously chosen  the  first  president  and  as  unanimously  re-elected. 
His  service  in  uniting  the  warring  Federalists  and  Republicans 
for  constructive  upbuilding,  his  two  inaugural  and  his  farewell 
addresses,  his  neutrality  policy  in  the  Franco-British  war  of  the 
closing  century,  his  recognition  of  all  sections  of  the  country 
in  his  appointments  to  office,  and  his  triumphal  visits  to  the 
north  and  south,  served  to  build  him  an  irreplacable  affection 
in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen. 

His  last  public  service  came  when  French  war  threatened, 
and  he  was  made  commander  of  the  American  army  in  1798 
with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-General.  Fortunately  the  war  was 
averted.  He  died  December  14,  1799,  following  a  severe  expo- 
sure in  a  rainstorm  while  overseeing  his  estate. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON  may  truly  be  called  America's  first 
scientific  agriculturist.  He  maintained  an  intimate  correspond- 
ence with  that  noted  early  English  writer  on  rural  affairs, 
ARTHUR  YOUNG,  and  in  his  correspondence  evidenced  a  knowl- 
edge not  only  far  above  the  average  of  the  day,  but  equivalent 
in  its  sum  total  to  that  of  the  last  mid-century.  Before  the 
Revolution  he  conducted  some  very  interesting  experiments  on 
manuring,  trying  out  each  spring  the  rate  of  growth  for  his  seed 
of  that  year  in  small  boxes  differently  treated.  Soil  conserva- 


222  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

tion  and  soil  erosion  were  problems  he  was  continually  fight- 
ing, and  he  made  extraordinary  efforts  to  preserve  the  texture 
of  the  soils  along  the  river  banks.  His  Mt.  Vernon  estate 
amounted  to  over  eight  thousand  acres,  and  was  subdivided  into 
five  farms,  the  home  farm  being  called  Mansion  House  Farm. 
In  1760  his  principal  crops  were  clover,  rye,  grass,  hops,  tre- 
foil, timothy,  and  speltz.  His  operations  as  a  livestock  man 
were  particularly  comprehensive.  He  raised  cattle,  sheep,  swine, 
horses,  deer,  turkeys,  and  geese,  with  his  greatest  interest  in 
sheep,  horses  and  mules.  At  this  day  it  is  rather  curious  to 
find  negroes  listed  among  the  livestock  products  of  his  farm. 
GENERAL  WASHINGTON  kept  stallions  for  public  service,  prin- 
cipally of  the  Arab  breed,  but  he  also  in  his  later  days  ha-d  a 
few  Narragansett  pacers.  GENERAL  WASHINGTON  imported  a 
number  of  sheep  from  England,  mostly  rams,  these  animals 
being  of  the  Dishley-Leicester  breed,  originated  by  ROBERT 
BAKEWELL  (72).  He  was  the  first  breeder  of  mules  in  America, 
having  imported  several  Spanish  jacks,  and  was  presented  with 
a  pair  of  Bedford  pigs  by  a  British  Admiral,  which  had  an 
important  influence  in  the  foundation  of  the  Chester  White 
breed  of  swine. 

Modest,  disinterested,  generous  and  just,  he  sought  nothing 
for  himself  in  the  way  of  public  favor,  and  declined  all  public 
reimbursement  beyond  his  original  outlays,  scrupulously 
accounted  for.  What  better  eulogy  has  ever  been  written  than 
RICHARD  HENRY  LEE'S  "First  in  war,  first  in  peace  and  first  in 
the  hearts  of  his  countrymen." 


OF  THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  223 

DREAMS  OF  "THE  DOWNS"  THAT  CAME  TRUE 

87.  Wherever  the  revivifying  influence  of  carcass  making 
sheep  have  gone,  there  can  be  traced  the  blood  of  one  or  the 
other  of  the  two  founts  of  mutton  improvement,  the  Dishley 
Leicester  or  the  Southdown  of  Sussex.  The  changing  demands 
of  earlier  maturity  and  small  retail  cuts  with  the  highest  pos- 
sible thickness  of  rich  red  flesh  has  gradually  given  a  prepon- 
derant influence  to  the  sheep  of  the  chalk  hills  of  Sussex.  Two 
men  builded  largely  in  the  founding  of  this  strain;  JOHN  ELL- 
MAN  of  Glynde  in  its  formative  years,  and  JONAS  WEBB  of  Babra- 
ham  in  the  days  of  its  ascendancy. 

The  Southdown  is  perhaps  the  purest  type  that  has  come  down 
to  modern  sheep  husbandry.  Not  a  step  in  its  improvement  can 
be  traced  to  the  influx  of  alien  blood,  while  it  has  been  a  con- 
tributory force  to  Shropshire,  Oxford,  Hampshire  and  almost 
every  other  Down  breed  that  has  marked  individuality  today. 
By  careful  selection  and  breeding  systems  based  on  the  BAKE- 
WELL  formula,  the  Southdown  achieved  its  wondrous  carcass 
worth.  It  is  to  modern  sheep  husbandry  what  the  Berkshire 
is  to  swinedom,  the  Thoroughbred  to  the  turf,  and  the  old  Flem- 
ish stock  to  modern  beeves. 

For  years  Babraham  was  the  source  of  improvement  of  hun- 
dreds of  flocks  in  old  England,  and  royalty  an-d  tenant  alike 
patronized  JONAS  WEBB  to  benefit  from  his  monumental  achieve- 
ments. Extension  and  distribution  of  the  breed  were  fostered 
through  the  exhibition  of  choice  specimens  at  district  and  national 
shows,  and  wherever  they  went  the  Babraham  pens  received  the 
bulk  of  attention.  Successes  at  the  earlier  Paris  Universal  expo- 
sitions were  inevitable  and  one  particularly  fine  group  attracted 
the  attention  of  EMPEROR  NAPOLEON  THIRD.  MR.  WEBB  chanced 
to  be  on  hand  and  to  the  enthusiastic  request  of  the  French  ruler, 
as  to  their  ownership,  he  diplomatically  replied,  "Yours,  your 
Majesty,  if  you  will  accept  them."  The  gift  was  graciously 


224  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

received  and  shortly  after  a  magnificent  chest  of  silver  arrived 
at  Babraham  with  the  compliments  of  the  Emperor. 

In  1838  MR.  WEBB  cast  his  lot  with  Shorthorn  cattle  and  bred 
them  with  an  individuality  all  his  own  until  his  death  in  1862. 
At  this  time  some  hundred  and  fifty  animals  were  present  in 
the  herd  and  the  dispersal  brought  prices  ranging  up  to  the 
$2,000  for  the  bull  Lord  Chancellor.  Numbers  were  exported 
to  Prussia,  Austria  and  Australia,  while  some  of  his  earlier 
breeding  successes  found  future  opportunity  in  America. 

JONAS  WEBB  was  a  man  of  impressive  originality,  and  among 
a  galaxy  of  long-sighted,  broad  visioned  geniuses  in  Britain 
during  the  last  century,  he  stands  on  his  own  merit,  a  most 
successful  breeder  and  a  most  permanently  constructive  artisan. 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  225 

AUTHOR  OF  THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE 

88.  The  third  president  of  the  United  States  was  THOMAS 
JEFFERSON.  His  family  had  been  in  Virginia  for  a  century  and 
a  quarter  at  the  time  of  his  birth,  April  2,  1743,  their  pursuits 
being  purely  agricultural.  On  the  death  bed,  his  father,  GEORGE 
JEFFERSON,  when  THOMAS  was  fourteen,  left  an  injunction  that 
he  should  be  educated  at  William  and  Mary  College.  In  after 
life  he  often  stated  that  if  he  were  forced  to  choose  between 
the  education  and  the  estate  his  father  left  him,  he  would  let 
the  latter  go.  He  was  a  prodigious  scholar,  excelling  in  math- 
ematics and  the  sciences,  a  skilled  violinist,  and  a  robust  athlete. 
His  professor,  DR.  SMALL,  friend  of  ERASMUS  DARWIN,  "prob- 
ably fixed  the  destinies"  of  his  life.  On  graduation  he  entered 
upon  the  study  of  law  under  the  guidance  of  the  Virginia  jurist, 
GEORGE  WYTHE.  In  April,  1764,  he  acceded  to  the  management 
of  his  father's  estate  and  gave  most  of  his  attention  to  the  culti- 
tivation  and  improvement  of  his  lands.  In  1767  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  but  throughout  his  political  life  he  always  main- 
tained himself  to  be  professionally  a  farmer,  and  steered  clear 
of  all  alliances  and  interests  that  would  bias  his  judgment. 

In  1769  he  was  elected  to  the  Virginia  house  of  burgesses, 
but  since  on  the  third  day  of  the  session  resolutions  against  the 
stamp  act  were  adopted,  the  royal  governor  forthwith  dissolved 
it.  In  1774  he  prepared  the  "Draught  of  Instructions"  for  the 
delegates  to  the  Continental  congress,  which  denied  the  right 
of  the  electors  of  Britain  to  rule  over  the  colonies,  since  the 
colonial  legislators  could  not  pass  laws  affecting  Britain. 
THOMAS  JEFFERSON  was  a  member  of  the  committee  that  drew 
up  Virginia's  military  defense  plan  and  in  1775  was  sent  to 
Congress  where  he  was  appointed  chairman  of  the  committee 
of  five  that  drafted  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  MR.  JEF- 
FERSON himself  did  the  writing,  but  many  emendations  and 
improvements  were  made  by  the  Congress.  He  always  insisted 


226  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

that  its  final  adoption  was  hastened  by  the  heat  and  the  swarms 
of  flies  from  a  nearby  stable  that  literally  drove  the  delegates 
from  the  room.  He  was  on  the  committee  that  suggested  the 
"E  pluribus  unum"  motto  for  the  newly  founded  federation. 

After  the  declaration  he  returned  to  Virginia  where  he  actively 
set  about  the  reforms  necessary  to  make  that  colony  conform 
to  the  spirit  of  the  July  4th  document.  He  refused  a  commis- 
sionership  to  Paris  in  company  with  FRANKLIN  and  DEANE,  in 
order  to  prosecute  this  work.  As  a  legislator  he  secured  the 
laws  holding  Virginia  lands  in  fee  simple  and  permitting  their 
sale  for  debt  and  he  divorced  the  church  and  state,  declaring 
the  "government  has  nothing  to  do  with  opinion,"  and  "it  is 
error  alone  which  needs  the  support  of  government;  truth  can 
stand  by  itself."  He  devised  the  system  of  courts  of  law  and 
prescribed  their  powers  and  methods;  he  caused  the  removal 
of  the  capitol  to  Richmond;  he  extirpated  the  law  of  primogeni- 
ture; he  abolished  the  cruel  punishments  of  the  ancient  code; 
and  he  made  the  beginnings  of  a  system  of  public  education. 
In  1779  he  was  elected  Governor  and  managed  the  colony  during 
the  difficult  days  of  the  GATES  and  CORNWALLIS  campaigns. 

In  1783  he  was  elected  to  Congress  where  he  assisted  in  the 
adoption  of  the  •decimal  system  for  currency.  The  following 
year  he  was  sent  to  Paris  and  in  1785  succeeded  FRANKLIN  as 
chief  plenipotentiary.  The^  wrongs  of  the  French  peasants  bore 
bitterly  into  his  heart  and  made  him  ever  thereafter  an  unswerv- 
ing democrat.  He  successfully  endeavored  to  break  the  French 
protective  tariff  and  open  up  her  markets  to  American  agricul- 
tural products,  and  he  sent  to  America  seeds,  roots,  nuts,  and 
information  of  agricultural  importance.  He  became  acquainted 
with  the  naturalist  BUFFON,  and  supplied  him  with  American 
zoological  specimens,  at  the  same  time  developing  a  facility  in 
osteology  and  palaeontology  that  made  him  a  real  contributor 
to  the  science  of  fossils  on  his  return  to  America. 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  227 

The  Bastile  had  fallen  when  he  was  given  six  months  leave. 
He  arrived  at  Monticello  to  learn  that  he  had  been  appointed 
Secretary  of  State  under  Washington  at  the  princely  salary  of 
$3,500.  But  he  was  ill  at  ease,  since  he  found  HAMILTON  and 
the  Federalist  party  looking  on  the  new  government  as  only  a 
temporary  expedient,  lacking  strength  for  permanency.  Since 
his  lesson  in  France  had  taught  him  the  overwhelming  need  for 
equal  justice,  he  could  do  naught  but  oppose  this  movement. 
In  1794  he  retired  to  Monticello. 

The  Presidential  election  of  1800  resulted  in  a  tie  between 
himself  and  AARON  BURR  and  through  the  good  offices  of  his 
erstwhile  opponent,  ALEXANDER  HAMILTON,  he  received  the  elec- 
tion in  Congress.  He  abolished  the  alien  and  sedition  law,  dis- 
patched DECATUR  to  overawe  the  Barbary  pirates,  and  purchased 
from  BONAPARTE  the  great  Louisiana  territory.  His  first  term 
was  extremely  peaceful,  but  the  difficulties  with  England  and 
Spain  several  times  came  nearly  to  a  head  in  his  second  presi- 
dential period,  and  his  embargo  method  of  meeting  it  not  only 
ruined  himself  financially,  but  also  stirred  up  bitter  critics  of 
the  administration. 

His  last  days  were  spent  at  Monticello  under  a  cloud  of  debt, 
and  he  died  on  the  Fourth  of  July,  1826,  fifty  years  after  signing 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  and  only  a  few  hours  before 
JOHN  ADAMS,  the  second  president,  passed  away.  His  greatest 
public  work  following  the  presidency  was  the  securing  of  an 
appropriation  for  a  state  university  and  the  personal  superin- 
tendence of  its  construction.  He  was  buried  beneath  an  inscrip- 
tion written  by  his  own  hand:  "Here  was  buried  THOMAS  JEF- 
FERSON, author  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  of  the  Stat- 
ute of  Virginia  for  Religious  Freedom,  and  Father  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia." 


228  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  SAGE  OF  SITTYTON 

89.  The  saga  of  the  silent  sage  of  Sittyton  has  been  so  stir- 
ringly sung,  the  secrets  of  his  rent-paying  Shorthorns  so  stren- 
uously studied,  and  the  shrewdness  of  his  Scotch  soul  so  cele- 
brated in  its  sturdy  simplicity,  that  modern  tribute  can  add 
little  to  his  laurels.  AMOS  CRUICKSHANK  vivified  the  problems 
of  the  Northern  Scot,  sought  incessantly  to  energize  his  native 
granites,  and  through  his  single  minded  idealism  resuscitated 
the  red,  white  and  roan  when  its  standard  was  wavering  under 
the  combined  assaults  of  doddie  and  whiteface.  A  half  cen- 
tury since,  the  disciples  of  BATES  and  BOOTH  were  shirking  the 
obvious  in  the  quest  of  that  which  was  not  obvious.  The  royal 
pedigree  and  the  showyard  glamor  that  bequeathed  the  latent 
values  of  each,  blinded  the  masters'  followers  to  the  lesson  of 
feedpail  and  paddock,  and  the  whim  of  landed  fanciers  too  often 
obscured  the  need  of  the  humble  beef  artisan.  To  the  north 
of  the  hills  of  Lammermoor,  where  straw  supplement  replaced 
the  luxuriance  of  the  shire  pastures,  the  descendants  of  Kirk- 
levington,  Killerby  and  Warlaby  fared  often  ill,  though  prime 
beef  was  the  need.  So  with  the  tenant's  necessity  ever  in  his 
eye,  the  loved  "herdsman  of  Aberdeenshire"  fashioned  a  breed's 
destiny  in  the  plastic  heritage  of  the  thick-cutting  beeves  he 
moulded  in  the  Northland. 

Two  brothers  husbanded  the  Aberdonian  treasure.  AMOS 
CRUICKSHANK'S  face  alone  reposes  on  the  Club  walls,  but  the 
Shorthorn  debt  is  equal  to  both.  AMOS  lived  with  the  cattle, 
ANTHONY  builded  the  business,  christened  the  calves  and  man- 
aged the  sales.  The  heritage  of  AMOS,  a  bachelor,  died  with 
him,  ANTHONY  passed  on  the  family  virtues  to  the  sequent  gen- 
eration. Popular  verdict  accords  AMOS  the  greatest  honor, 
though,  because  his  hand  selected  root  and  cake  and  his  feet 
tread  quest  for  bloods  and  beasts  to  build  on,  in  the  herd. 
AMOS  CRUICKSHANK  was  born  in  1809  and  laid  the  Shorthorn 


AMOS    CRUICKSHANK 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  229 

foundations  in  1837  with  bulls  from  BARCLAY  of  Ury  (80). 
For  twenty  years  he  scoured  all  Britain  for  suitable  foundation 
stock,  the  bulls  and  bloods  of  all  prominent  breeders  being  given 
their  trial.  Not  until  1860  was  the  method  of  BAKEWELL  and 
BATES  thought  of  favorably,  and  that  only  when  Champion  of 
England,  of  their  own  breeding,  completely  outsired  rival  bulls 
brought  in  from  other  herds.  The  really  constructive  period 
at  Sittyton  was  thereupon  entered,  to  terminate  only  with  AMOS 
CRUICKSHANK'S  4eath  in  1889,  after  fifty-two  years  of  active 
industry  with  his  favored  tribes. 

The  tale  of  his  change  of  policy  is  a  romance  of  chance.  Be- 
fore 1860  the  CRUICKSHANKS  wrought  with  the  blood  that  had 
builded  fame  for  others,  the  Torr-bred  Fairfax  Royal,  Lincoln- 
shire's great  bull  Matadore,  TOWNELEY'S  Plantagenet,  BOOTH'S 
Buckingham,  TANQUERAY'S  The  Baron,  and  Lord  Bathurst,  Master 
Butterfly  2d  and  Lord  Raglan.  Many  there  were  who  insist  that 
the  latter  bull  might  have  been  the  cornerstone  of  an  even  greater 
success  than  that  which  arose  from  his  Champion  of  England, 
had  AMOS  CRUICKSHANK  been  prepared  to  prosecute  the  BAKE- 
WELLIAN  scheme  when  Lord  Raglan  was  in  the  herd,  but  his  Cale- 
donian caution  had  not  yet  reached  the  decisive  point  for  such 
a  step.  In  1858  the  end  of  a  herd  bull's  breeding  cycle  forced  him 
to  seek  a  good  red  yearling.  An  appeal  to  his  friend  WILKINSON 
of  Lavendar  fame,  brought  only  a  suggestion  that  he  use  the 
eight-year-old  roan  Lancaster  Comet,  a  bull  of  great  service  in 
his  Lenton  herd.  This  did  not  meet  MR.  CRUICKSHANK'S  require- 
ment but  since  further  search  was  unsuccessful,  he  ordered  the 
bull  shipped.  The  first  impression  of  the  bull's  "great  head  and 
horns  lowering  upon  him  over  the  side  of  the  truck"  so  disap- 
pointed him  that  Lancaster  Comet  was  relegated  to  his  other  farm 
at  Clyne  and  turned  into  the  pasture  with  a  lot  of  cows  that  had 
been  shy  breeders.  Late  that  fall  the  bull  contracted  rheumatism 
so  seriously  that  he  could  profitably  only  be  sent  to  the  butcher. 


230  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Among  the  dozen  calves  that  he  sired  was  one  from  a  two-year- 
old  heifer  of  moderate  merit  only,  in  which  MR.  CRUICKSHANK 
discerned  the  divine  spark.  So  enthusiastic  was  he  in  a  cautious 
Scot  way  that  his  brother  ANTHONY  bestowed  on  the  young  bull 
the  ambitious  title  of  Champion  of  England.  Unfortunately  the 
showyard  did  not  agree  with  this  judgment  when  he  was  pre- 
sented in  yearling  form  and  only  a  detailed  reexamination,  point 
by  point,  determined  MR.  CRUICKSHANK  to  keep  him.  With  the 
advent  of  his  calves,  the  home  appellation  was  justified,  and  for 
the  remaining  days  at  Sittyton  the  problem  in  mating  dealt 
entirely  with  the  concentrating  of  his  blood.  From  the  noble 
array  of  show  cows  and  matrons  that  were  his  daughters,  Mimulus, 
Morning  Star,  Violante,  Victorine,  Village  Rose,  Village  Belle, 
Princess  Royal,  British  Queen,  Carmine  Rose,  Silvery,  Surmise, 
and  others,  and  the  immortal  Grand  Monarque,  Scotland's 
Pride,  Pride  of  the  Isles,  Royal  Duke  of  Gloster,  Roan  Gaunt- 
let, Caesar  Augustus,  Barmpton  and  Cumberland,  all  bulls 
of  the  Champion  of  England  stock,  came  the  short-legged,  broad 
turned,  quick  maturing,  matchlessly  mealed  race  that  met  his 
"rent-paying"  ideal.  Sittyton  became  the  deep  flowing  spring  of 
Shorthorn  blood  in  the  north,  and  from  generation  to  generation 
its  overflow  spread  from  one  country  to  the  other  in  its  task  of 
regeneration  and  revivification  of  the  earlier  English  strains. 

The  limits  of  Sittyton  service  have  not  yet  been  realized.  Thirty 
years  after  the  closing  of  that  stern  yet  kindly  eye,  the  blood  it 
so  zealously  watched  over  goes  on  to  new  achievements,  and  the 
livelihood  and  fortune  of  new  generations  of  breeders  are  builded 
on  the  CRUICKSHANK  pedestal.  The  mind  that  recognized  only 
profitable  attainment  as  the  fundament  of  breeding  ideals,  has 
set  up  a  permanent  standard  in  the  land,  the  soul  goes  march- 
ing on. 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  231 

FOUNDER  OF  FEDERAL  UNITY 

90.  Possibly  the  most  brilliant  intellect  involved  in  the  founda- 
tion and  organization  of  the  American  government  was  that  of 
ALEXANDER  HAMILTON.  Of  historically  uncertain  parentage,  he 
was  born  on  the  island  of  Nevis  in  the  West  Indies,  January  11, 
1757.  His  education  seems  to  have  been  desultory,  as  at  the  age 
of  thirteen  he  was  forced  to  enter  the  office  of  a  West  India  trades- 
man and  merchant.  Owing  to  an  early  isolation  he  possessed  a 
most  precocious  independence,  and  at  fourteen  years  of  age  wrote 
business  letters  that  were  models  of  tradesmanship.  His  employer 
soon  became  in  the  habit  of  going  away  for  days  at  a  time  and 
leaving  this  mere  child  in  charge  of  the  counting  house.  A  severe 
hurricane  wreaked  unprecedented  devastation  on  the  islands,  and 
young  HAMILTON  prepared  so  vivid  a  description  of  it  for  the 
press,  that  numerous  friends  and  relatives  combined  to  send  him 
to  Boston  for  an  education.  Friends  here,  however,  advised  him 
to  proceed  to  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  where  he  studied  energetically 
in  preparation  for  college,  and  wrote  much  prose  and  verse  that 
received  wide  publication.  On  the  completion  of  his  course  here 
he  went  to  King's  College,  New  York  (now  Columbia)  where  he 
made  remarkable  progress. 

About  this  time  the  difficulties  with  the  mother  country  were 
coming  to  a  head,  and  although  temperamentally  a  loyalist,  he 
was  soon  won  to  the  colonies'  cause.  His  articles,  although  writ- 
ten when  only  seventeen,  possessed  such  remarkable  ability  that 
they  were  popularly  attributed  to  JOHN  JAY,  or  other  patriots. 
The  discovery  of  their  authorship  made  him  a  leader  in  New  York 
politics,  and  at  the  outset  of  the  war  he  was  appointed  a  captain 
of  New  York  artillery.  At  Long  Island  and  White  Plains  his 
battery  so  distinguished  themselves  by  their  smartness  and  disci- 
pline (almost  rare  qualities  in  the  Continental  army)  that  he  was 
appointed  staff  officer  with  GENERAL  WASHINGTON.  Always  pas- 
sionate, he  resigned  this  honor  in  1781  as  a  result  of  mild 


232  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

reproof  given  him  by  the  General,  and  entered  the  line  again. 
At  Yorktown  he  led  the  storming  party  on  the  British  redoubts. 

During  the  winter  cessations  of  hostilities,  he  studied  finance 
and  government  most  vigorously,  and  offered  such  a  remarkable 
plan  of  a  national  bank  system  that  he  was  made  collector  of  rev- 
enue at  New  York  and  later  a  delegate  to  the  Continental  Con- 
gress. He  took  an  important  role  in  the  ratification  of  the  peace 
treaty,  and  in  the  formation  of  the  Federalist  party.  So  disin- 
tegrated were  the  finances  and  policies  of  the  colonies,  that  at 
the  constitutional  convention  of  1787,  he  proposed  a  scheme  of 
government,  involving  office  for  life  and  appointees  of  the  presi- 
dent as  state  governors,  so  aristocratic  in  type  that  it  aroused  the 
powerful  opposition  of  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN  and  others,  and  the 
modern  constitution  was  adopted  to  defeat  it.  Personal  friends 
have  always  insisted  that  this  scheme  was  a  clever  ruse  to  bring 
order  to  the  dissenting  parties.  Following  the  agreement  as  to 
a  constitution,  MR.  HAMILTON  wrote  a  series  of  essays  in  "The 
Federalist"  that  contained  such  brilliant  logic  as  to  convert  the 
necessary  doubters  to  the  constitutional  adoption. 

At  the  time  of  WASHINGTON'S  inauguration,  he  was  appointed 
secretary  of  the  treasury  and  established  the  economic  and  tariff 
policies  that  have  defined  the  issues  for  the  two  great  political 
parties  ever  since.  His  report  of  January  14,  1790,  on  public 
credit  was  the  first  great  state  paper  in  American  history,  and  in 
it  he  reduced  the  confused  finances  to  order  and  formulated  a  plan 
for  the  assumption  of  the  state  debts.  During  the  same  period 
he  prepared  a  system  of  revenue,  a  scheme  for  revenue  cutters, 
estimates  on  income  and  expenditure,  temporary  regulation  of  the 
currency,  navigation  and  coast-wise  trade  laws,  plans  for  the 
postal  service,  plans  for  West  Point,  plans  for  the  management 
of  public  lands,  and  settlements  for  the  vast  public  and  private 
claims.  Later  he  reported  on  the  establishment  of  the  mint,  the 
system  of  coinage,  the  national  banks,  the  protective  policy  for 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  233 

manufactures,  the  excise  tax  system,  and  finally  on  the  public 
credit  and  extinction  of  the  national  debt. 

Politically  he  was  very  active,  incurring  the  enmity  of  THOMAS 
JEFFERSON,  JAMES  MADISON  and  JAMES  MONROE.  In  1795  he 
withdrew  from  the  cabinet  in  order  to  recuperate  his  personal 
finances  and  became  New  York's  leading  attorney.  On  the  elec- 
tion of  JOHN  ADAMS  he  clashed  repeatedly  with  the  new  president, 
but  on  being  created  inspector-general  of  the  new  army  and  war 
department,  he  found  so  much  of  organization  necessary,  that  his 
politics  for  a  time  were  laid  aside.  However,  due  to  JEFFERSON 
and  AARON  BURR,  the  Federal  party  was  defeated  in  New  York 
and  he  was  forced  to  come  to  the  front  once  more  to  defend  his 
party.  A  widening  breach  developed  between  BURR  and  JEFFER- 
SON, but  the  former's  intrigues  against  the  latter  for  president 
were  too  much  for  HAMILTON'S  tastes  and  he  was  led  to  support 
JEFFERSON.  The  quarrel  was  made  personal  by  BURR,  and  in 
July,  1804,  he  was  challenged  by  the  latter  to  a  duel.  HAMILTON'S 
common  sense  prompted  him  to  refuse  it,  but,  as  he  feared  that 
the  country  was  approaching  the  chaotic  condition  of  France 
under  the  Revolution,  and  as  he  felt  his  services  for  order  might 
be  hampered  if  he  appeared  a  coward,  he  accepted.  BURR  was 
acquitted  of  treachery  in  prematurely  firing,  although  HAMILTON'S 
friends  have  never  accepted  the  verdict.  The  wound  was  mortal, 
and  his  tragic  fate  evoked  a  universal  burst  of  grief.  He  became 
the  country's  first  political  martyr,  and  his  fame  has  grown  with 
the  years. 


234  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

OUR  GREATEST  CHIEF  JUSTICE 

91.  The  foremost  jurist  of  the  evolving  young  America  was 
JOHN  MARSHALL.  His  early  manhood  caught  him  in  the  throes 
of  the  Revolution  and  he  performed  ably  as  an  officer  of  Virginia 
militia.  At  Monmouth,  Brandywine  and  Germantown  he  showed 
his  military  ability,  but  at  Stony  Point  and  in  covering  MAJOR 
LEE'S  retreat  at  Paulus  Hook,  he  showed  his  real  genius  and  per- 
severance. His  military  career  was  terminated  by  recruiting  duty 
in  Virginia  in  1780,  and  while  he  participated  in  BARON  STEUBEN'S 
operations  in  Virginia,  he  never  really  indulged  so  actively  again. 

His  legal  career  began  at  the  time  of  his  recruiting  duty  in 
1780.  During  his  leisure  hours  he  attended  the  course  of  lec- 
tures given  by  CHANCELLOR  WYTHE  of  William  and  Mary,  and 
late  in  the  season  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Williamsburg. 
In  1781  he  resigned  his  commission  and  entered  upon  law  prac- 
tice in  Fauquier  county.  He  attained  immediate  prominence  and 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  burgesses.  He  forthwith 
located  in  Richmond,  and  barring  the  time  he  was  on  national 
duty,  remained  there  the  rest  of  his  days. 

JOHN  MARSHALL  was  one  of  the  four  lawyers  engaged  by  the 
defendant  in  the  celebrated  case  of  WARE  vs.  HILTON,  tried  before 
JUSTICE  JOHN  JAY,  involving  the  question  of  indebtedness  to 
Britain.  His  colleagues  were  PATRICK  HENRY,  ALEXANDER  CAMP- 
BELL and  JAMES  IRVINE.  He  declined  attorney-generalship  under 
WASHINTON'S  first  administration,  also  a  foreign  mission.  On 
the  occasion  of  the  French  hostility  due  to  the  replacement  of 
JAMES  MONROE  as  ambassador  by  CHARLES  C.  PINCKNEY,  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  special  mission  to  France  to  settle 
the  difficulty.  This  proving  impossible,  he  returned  to  America, 
after  backing  up  PINCKNEY'S  immortal  "millions  for  defense, 
but  not  one  cent  for  tribute." 

He  resumed  his  law  practice,  declining  an  appointment  as 
supreme  justice,  but  in  1800  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  235 

and  in  such  capacity  he  settled  all  of  the  French  difficulties.  In 
1801  he  was  appointed  to  the  supreme  court  to  succeed  CHIEF 
JUSTICE  ELLSWORTH,  but  at  the  special  request  of  the  president 
administered  both  duties  until  the  end  of  the  presidential  term. 
It  was  while  chief  justice  that  he  acquitted  AARON  BURR  of  the 
charge  of  murder  of  ALEXANDER  HAMILTON. 

He  compiled  the  "Life  of  Washington"  in  five  volumes  on  the 
request  of  the  family,  and  afterward  published  the  first  volume 
separately  as  the  "History  of  the  American  Colonies."  (1824). 
The  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  New  Jersey  in 
1802,  Harvard  in  1806,  and  Pennsylvania  in  1815.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Hall  of  Fame  for  Great  Americans  at  New  York 
University  with  a  total  of  ninety-one  votes,  the  highest  anyone 
received,  except  WASHINGTON,  FRANKLIN,  LINCOLN,  WEBSTER  and 
GRANT.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  July  6,  1835,  aged  79  years, 
8  months  and  13  days. 


236  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

PLANTING  SHARON  ROSES  IN  THE  BLUEGRASS 

92.  Foremost  in  the  first  rush  of  emigration,  seeking  the  grain 
and  pasture  land  of  Kentucky  and  Ohio,  in  the  early  years  of  the 
last  century  were  two  brothers,  FELIX  and  GEORGE  RENICK,  of 
Hardy  Co.,  Virginia.  By  aid  of  the  compass,  they  beat  their  track 
across  the  mountains,  and  settled  on  large  tracts  of  land  near  the 
present  site  of  Chillicothe,  Ohio.  They  were  representative  of 
the  most  influential  type  of  these  agricultural  pioneers,  accustomed 
to  breeding  cattle  for  grazing  and  feeding  purposes,  and  familiar 
with  the  fattening  of  steers  on  "shock"  corn  in  the  open  fields  of 
winter.  Their  first  contribution  to  the  agriculture  of  the  region, 
lay  in  driving  to  the  seaboard  the  cattle  grown  out  and  fattened 
in  this  rich  prairie  region.  In  1805,  GEORGE  RENICK  drove  sixty 
eight  animals  through  to  Baltimore  and  on  arriving  in  good  con- 
dition very  profitably  disposed  of  them.  Since  this  solved  the 
marketing  problem,  the  cattle  industry  advanced  with  amazing 
strides.  In  1817,  FELIX  RENICK  marketed  100  richly  furnished 
Shorthorn  steers  at  Philadelphia,  at  an  average  price  of  $134  per 
head.  This  experience  so  elated  him  that  he  rapidly  became  the 
leading  feeder  of  market  toppers  in  Ohio,  and  with  one  exception 
was  the  most  extensive  breeder  and  feeder  of  bullocks  of  improved 
blood  in  the  United  States.  In  length  of  time,  GEORGE  RENICK 
probably  rendered  greater  service  as  a  feeder,  but  he  at  no  time 
equalled  the  extensiveness  of  FELIX'S  operations. 

The  leading  breed  in  the  Ohio  valley  at  this  time  was  the  Long- 
horn,  and  considerable  rivalry  existed  between  the  followers  of 
this  stock,  and  the  supporters  of  the  Shorthorn.  The  Ken- 
tuckians  largely  flocked  to  the  first  standard,  and  the  Ohioans 
to  the  second.  Since  in  the  shows  the  Longhorns  usually  landed 
on  top,  the  only  step  consonant  with  the  pride  of  the  Ohio  men 
was  to  secure  animals  of  sufficient  merit  to  defeat  them.  FELIX 
RENICK  became  the  initiator  of  a  proposition  to  form  a  joint 
stock  company  from  among  the  cattle  growers  of  this  district  to 


FELIX  RBNICK 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  237 

purchase  English  cattle.  The  details  of  the  organization  were 
drawn  up  November  2,  1833,  the  backing  of  two  Governors  being 
secured.  About  fifty  shareholders  were  included,  all  Ohioans 
except  the  two  CUNNINGHAMS  from  Kentucky  and  Virginia  respec- 
tively. MR.  RENICK  was  appointed  as  agent  of  this  company  to 
proceed  to  England  and  select  the  cattle.  His  outstanding  service 
as  a  bullock  producer  undoubtedly  earned  him  this  right,  although 
he  was  not  committed  to  the  purchase  of  any  particular  breed  of 
animals.  As  companion  members  of  the  buying  committee,  E.  J. 
HARNESS,  and  JOSIAH  RENICK  were  designated  to  act,  and  HENRY 
CLAY  in  sending  advice  to  Gov.  TRIMBLE  suggested  the  purchase 
of  typical  specimens  of  the  "Durham,"  Devon  and  Hereford 
breeds.  On  arrival  in  England  they  made  a  thorough  study  of 
cattle  conditions,  visiting  the  herds  of  BOOTH  (76),  RICHARD 
BOOTH,  MAYNARD,  CLARK,  WOODHOUSE  and  BATES  (74).  Their 
familiarity  with  Shorthorn  types  and  pedigrees  so  impressed  the 
latter  breeder  that  he  personally  conducted  them  to  many  of  the 
British  herds  and  to  the  amazement  of  his  fellow  breeders,  offered 
six  females  of  his  own  breeding  to  the  Americans  for  purchase. 
Investigation  of  the  Hereford  and  Devon  failed  to  impress  them, 
and  they  ultimately  shipped  to  America  seven  bulls  and  twelve 
cows  of  the  Shorthorn  breed.  In  this  importation  were  a  total  of 
four  of  the  get  of  Belvedere,  and  the  two  roan  heifers  Rose  of 
Sharon,  by  the  latter  sire,  and  Young  Mary  by  Jupiter,  foun- 
dresses of  the  two  families  that  became  so  important  in  later 
Shorthorn  records.  During  this  visit,  MR.  RENICK  came  to  lean 
quite  strongly  on  the  judgment  of  MR.  JONAS  WHITTAKER  an4 
the  next  two  importations  totalling  forty-two  animals  were 
selected  by  this  noted  Briton. 

The  Ohio  Importing  Co.  continued  operation  until  1837.  In 
1836  they  conducted  a  public  sale  at  which  twenty-four  females 
brought  $814  and  nineteen  bulls  $789.  At  their  dispersal  sale 
on  October  24,  1837,  six  bulls  brought  $1,180  each  and  nine  cows 


238  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

exactly  $1,000  apiece.  The  stockholders  were  enabled  to  reap 
considerable  profit  on  their  investments,  unless  they  took  into 
account  the  cost  to  themselves  as  individual  purchasers  of  the 
animals.  Following  the  breaking  up  of  the  Importing  Company, 
MR.  RENICK  approached  BATES  concerning  the  purchase  of  the 
Duke  of  Northumberland;  he  attempted  one  or  two  general 
importations  thereafter  but  practically  speaking  they  came  to 
naught. 

It  is  difficult  to  estimate  the  great  value  to  the  Shorthorn  breed 
rendered  by  MR.  RENICK  and  his  company.  Four  of  the  most  im- 
portant families  of  the  mid-century  originated  in  the  animals  he 
brought  across:  the  Josephines,  the  Young  Marys,  the  Young 
Phyllis  and  the  Roses  of  Sharon.  These  supplied  the  stimulus 
of  fresh  blood  to  the  descendants  of  the  older  importations,  and 
spurred  on  the  breed  to  new  achievements  in  the  showyard  and 
market.  For  more  than  one  hundred  years,  the  RENICK  family 
was  identified  with  Shorthorn  development  and  improvement,  and 
MR.  FELIX  RENICK  is  to  be  fully  credited  with  the  impulse  for 
good  he  thus  initiated. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  239 

OUR  MASTER  PHILOSOPHER 

93.  The  preeminent  diplomat  of  18th  Century  America  and 
possibly  her  greatest  diplomat  of  all  time  if  his  paucity  of  mate- 
rials be  considered,  was  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN.  Reared  under  con- 
ditions of  adversity,  "the  youngest  son  of  a  youngest  son"  for 
five  generations,  the  triumphs  of  intellect,  diplomacy  and  states- 
manship he  acquired  were  titanic.  As  a  physicist  his  name  comes 
down  to  posterity  almost  equivalent  to  SIR  ISAAC  NEWTON;  as  a 
journalist  he  combined  the  talents  of  a  JOHNSON  with  the  energies 
of  a  GREELEY;  as  a  state  builder  he  found  no  rival  in  the  forma- 
tive republic;  and  as  a  diplomat  no  HAY  nor  ROOT  could  vie  with 
his  prowess.  The  polyhedric  personality  of  this  Pennsylvania 
printer  finds  not  a  rival  on  the  scroll  of  fame  of  our  nation. 

BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN  was  born  January  17,  1706,  of  pure  Eng- 
lish descent.  His  father  was  a  soap  maker  and  tallow  chandler 
of  Boston,  and  BENJAMIN  was  fourteenth  of  a  double  brood  that 
totalled  seventeen.  The  tenth  son  of  his  father,  he  was  early 
destined  for  the  clergy,  but  financial  troubles  removed  him  from 
the  Boston  grammar  school  after  one  year's  attendance.  Vicissi- 
tude stalked  the  young  boy,  but  he  found  employment  to  his  lik- 
ing in  the  print  shop  of  his  brother  JAMES.  Here  he  read  much 
from  the  library  of  MATHEW  ARNOLD  and  from  books  he  pur- 
chased with  his  frugal  savings  due  to  living  on  a  vegetable  diet. 
Even  during  his  adolescence  he  was  earnestly  striving  to  perfect 
his  style,  and  when  the  colonial  assembly  forbade  JAMES  to  pub- 
lish "The  New  England  Courier,"  BENJAMIN  succeeded  to  the 
post,  although  still  a  boy  in  his  teens. 

Fraternal  friction  drove  him  out  within  a  few  months  and  he 
landed  in  Philadelphia  after  some  minor  adventures.  Here  at 
eighteen  he  made  the  friendship  of  the  Royal  Governor,  SIR  WM. 
KEITH,  and  secured  his  backing  to  send  him  to  England  for  a 
printing  press.  On  arrival  in  London  the  necessary  credits  were 
lacking,  however,  and  he  secured  employment  for  a  twelvemonth 


240  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

with  A.  PALMER,  a  famous  London  printer,  followed  by  six 
months  with  WATT.  Here  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  many  of 
the  celebrated  authors  and  broadened  markedly  his  knowledge 
of  the  world.  In  1726  he  returned  to  America,  where  he  ulti- 
mately succeeded  in  establishing  himself  as  editor  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Gazette.  His  original  style  soon  built  this  into  a  most 
valuable  property.  Here  he  organized  with  a  select  coterie  of 
friends  the  Junta  Club  that  proved  the  forerunner  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  founded  in  1743.  He  was  the  originator 
of  the  first  subscription  library  in  America,  which  grew  into  the 
Philadelphia  Public  Library  and  in  1749  established  an  "academy 
for  youth,"  the  mother  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
organized  the  first  fire  company  in  Philadelphia  remaining  a 
member  for  fifty  years,  and  he  instituted  the  night  watch  ard 
street  lighting.  He  invented  the  open  FRANKLIN  stove,  but  refused 
the  patents  tendered,  in  order  that  all  might  benefit  in  its  manu- 
facture. In  1749  he  published  a  paper  which  established  the 
identity  of  lightning  and  electricity,  and  the  power  of  points  to 
draw  off  an  electric  charge.  In  1752  his  famous  kite  experiment 
was  performed.  For  this  he  received  the  COPLEY  medal  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  London  in  1753.  In  this  same  year  Harvard 
and  Yale  each  conferred  the  A.  M.  Degree  on  him,  while  WILLIAM 
and  MARY  di4  the  same  in  1755.  In  1759  the  University  of  St. 
Andrews  gave  him  a  J.  V.  D.  and  in  1762  Oxford  made  him  a 
D.  C.  L.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Royal  Societies  of  Lon- 
don and  Edinburgh,  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Science  in  Paris, 
of  the  Imperial  Academy  of  Science,  of  St.  Petersburg,  of  the 
Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Manchester,  and  of  the 
Real  Academy  of  History  in  Madrid. 

But  this  represented  his  success  in  one  line  only.  His  "Poor 
Richard's  Almanack"  published  first  in  1732,  rose  rapidly  to  a 
circulation  of  10,000  copies.  In  1733  he  took  up  the  mastering 
of  French,  Spanish  and  Italian,  and  ultimately  acquired  real 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  241 

literary  facility  in  the  first  two  tongues.  His  pamphlet  "Plain 
Truths,"  published  in  1743,  was  a  timely  warning  against  the 
French  and  Indian  War  that  gave  him  an  immense  popularity. 
In  1752  he  began  a  series  of  contributions  to  European  journals 
that  only  ceased  with  his  death. 

His  career  as  a  statesman  began  somewhat  humbly.  In  1736 
he  was  made  clerk  of  the  Pennsylvania  assembly,  and  in  1737 
postmaster  of  Philadelphia.  The  next  decade  and  a  half  were 
occupied  with  his  scientific  labors.  In  1753  he  was  made  post- 
master general  of  the  American  colonies  with  WILLIAM  HUNTER, 
and  in  1754  he  was  deputy  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  congress  at 
Albany  of  commissioners  from  the  several  colonies  to  devise 
mutual  protection  against  the  Indians  of  the  Six  Nations.  Here 
he  projected  and  formulated  "a  plan  for  the  union  of  all  the 
colonies  under  one  government,  so  far  as  might  be  necessary  for 
defense  and  for  other  important  general  purposes."  It  was 
adopted  by  all  colonies  but  Massachusetts  and  Pennsylvania. 
Between  1757  and  1762  he  was  agent  for  the  colony  against  the 
PENN  family,  "proprietor  of  the  province  of  Pennsylvania,"  to 
require  the  latter  family  to  pay  taxes  and  contribute  to  the  gen- 
eral defense.  This  cause  he  won  in  the  English  courts.  In  1775- 
77  he  was  made  a  delegate  to  Continental  Congress,  and  as  such 
devised  a  plan  for  the  union  of  the  colonies,  also  a  postal  system, 
afterward  adopted  by  the  United  States.  He  was  one  of  the 
committee  of  five  that  framed  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 
In  1785  he  was  made  "President"  of  Pennsylvania  and  was  unani- 
mously elected  in  1786  and  1787.  He  was  delegate  to  the  con- 
vention that  framed  the  constitution  and  was  one  of  the  chief 
forces  in  building  up  the  idea  of  the  federation  of  states,  rather 
than  a  strongly  centralized  government. 

His  crowning  triumphs  were  diplomatic.  In  1764  he  was  sent 
abroad  to  secure  the  repeal  of  the  Stamp  Act,  and  although  the 
colonists  became  indignant  when  it  was  put  in  force  and  accused 


242  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

him  of  disloyalty,  his  success  with  the  British  Parliament  in  nulli- 
fying it  in  1766,  restored  him  to  popularity.  He  became  repre- 
sentative in  London  of  practically  all  the  colonies  and  remained 
fighting  obnoxious  legislation  and  taxes  until  1775,  when  a  signi- 
ficant closing  sentence  in  a  letter  from  his  friend  THOMAS  WAL- 
POLE,  "I  hereby  wish  you  a  prosperous  voyage  and  long  health," 
sent  him  hurrying  home  before  British  bailiffs  could  incarcerate 
him.  In  1776  he  was  deputed  by  Congress  head  of  the  committee 
that  talked  peace  terms  with  ADMIRAL  HOWE,  at  the  Britisher's 
request.  About  the  close  of  1776  he  arrived  in  Paris,  at  seventy 
years  of  age,  and  was  acclaimed  a  popular  hero.  He  secured  a 
loan  and  military  assistance  from  the  French  government,  estab- 
lished a  system  of  commissioned  privateers,  adjucated  prize 
money  disputes,  quieted  mutineers,  secured  the  recognition  of  the 
United  States  as  an  independent  nationality,  secured  the  first 
accredited  French  Minister  to  America  in  1778,  and  became  the 
first  American  minister  plenipotentiary  the  following  year.  His 
most  delicate  bit  of  work  following  this  was  the  securing  of  $6,- 
000,000  loan  to  finance  four  more  years  of  war.  He  repeatedly 
tried  to  return  to  America  after  1781  but  congress  refused  his 
resignation.  With  JOHN  ADAMS  and  JOHN  JAY  he  drew  up  the  pro- 
visional treaty  of  peace  with  Great  Britain  that  established  Amer- 
ican independence,  and  then  arranged  commercial  treaties  with 
Denmark,  Portugal  and  Morocco.  Just  before  leaving  Europe 
he  secured  the  signature  of  Prussia  to  a  treaty  that  abolished  pri- 
vateering and  secured  private  property  from  destruction  by  land 
or  sea  in  time  of  war.  GENERAL  WASHINGTON  declared  this  to 
"mark  a  new  era  in  international  morality."  His  last  efforts  in 
diplomacy  were  directed  toward  the  abolition  of  the  slave  trade. 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  243 

As  a  philanthropist,  he  had  no  mean  record.  He  left  $5,000 
to  Boston  and  Philadelphia  respectively  for  the  encouragement  of 
young  married  mechanics,  that  had  accumulated  a  total  of  $348,- 
000  in  Boston  in  one  hundred  years.  Another  gift  of  £100  was 
made  to  provide  silver  medals  to  be  given  annually  for  meritori- 
ous scholarship  in  the  public  schools. 

To  such  a  crowded  life  no  worthy  benediction  can  be  written. 
His  last  words  were  "A  dying  man  can  do  nothing  easy."  The 
thought  of  service  and  usefulness  occupied  his  mind  to  the  last 
breath  and  he  died  as  he  had  lived,  the  most  versatile  American. 


244  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  SEERS  OF  KETTON  AND  BARMPTON 

94.  The  first  parents  of  modern  Shorthorn  breeding,  if  first 
parents  there  be,  were  CHARLES  and  ROBERT  COLLING,  farmers  of 
Ketton  and  Barmpton.  Their  primal  venture  in  cattle  improve- 
ment dates  to  the  visit  of  CHARLES  COLLING  to  ROBERT  BAKEWELL 
(78)  in  1783.  Here  considerable  time  was  spent  in  the  study  both 
of  the  methods  and  the  results  of  this  master  artisan.  MR.  COL- 
LING'S  efforts  convinced  him  beyond  all  doubt  as  to  the  funda- 
mental soundness  of  the  DiSHLEY  principles,  but  with  equal 
soundness  he  postponed  his  attempts  at  application  until  he  be- 
came possessed  of  the  cattle  to  suit  his  purposes.  His  founda- 
tion animal  was  discovered  in  1789,  when  he  obtained  from  MR. 
MAYNARD  of  Eryholme,  that  mother  of  the  modern  Shorthorn,  the 
"beautiful  Lady  Maynard." 

Both  the  farms  of  Ketton  and  Barmpton  were  located  in  the 
Tees  valley,  approximately  three  miles  from  the  city  of  Darling- 
ton and  the  historic  Darlington  Market.  This  was  the  center  of 
the  old  Shorthorn  country,  the  home  of  the  Holderness  and 
Teeswater  stocks.  It  was  on  these  foundations  that  the  COLLING 
brothers  labored  and  their  most  popular  subject  of  discussion 
was  the  methods  and  means  of  eliminating  some  of  the  most 
obvious  faults  of  both  strains.  One  of  Lady  Maynard's  daughters 
was  mated  to  her  grandson  through  another  daughter,  and  pro- 
duced the  bull  calf  called  Favorite,  the  cornerstone  of  the  blood 
concentrations  that  builded  so  firmly  Ketton's  success.  Favorite 
was  mated  back  to  his  own  dam  Phoenix  producing  Young 
Phoenix.  He  was  then  bred  to  Young  Phoenix  and  produced 
the  bull  Comet  155,  the  bovine  hero  of  his  time  and  the  first 
cattle  beast  to  sell  for  $5,000.  The  incestuous  methods  that 
produced  Comet,  the  notable  price  received  for  him,  and:  the 
fame  of  such  wondrous  exhibition  cattle  as  the  Durham  Ox 
(133)  and  the  White  Heifer  that  Traveled  (128)  gave  CHARLES 
COLLING  a  notoriety  that  no  breeder  in  the  north  of  England 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  245 

had  hitherto  obtained.  Another  of  CHARLES  COLLING'S  famous 
foundation  cows,  in  addition  to  Lady  Maynard,  was  the  original 
Duchess  cow,  secured  on  Darlington  Market  in  1784.  This  cow 
was  the  ancestress  of  the  famous  Duchess  strain  that  builded  so 
well  for  BATES  (74)  and  his  followers. 

The  COLLING  blood  origins  were  not  yet  complete,  however, 
and  one  more  animal  that  loomed  large  in  later  Shorthorn  pedi- 
grees must  yet  be  mentioned,  the  famous  bull  Hubback.  In  1783 
CHARLES  COLLING  first  noticed  on  Darlington  Market  some  super- 
lative veals  and  found  on  inquiry  that  the  calves  were  sired  by  a 
bull  belonging  to  MR.  FAWCETT  of  Haughton  Hill.  MR.  COLLING 
went  to  see  him  but  was  not  sufficiently  impressed  to  buy.  A  little 
later  his  brother  ROBERT  displayed  his  keenness  of  judgment  by 
purchasing  him  at  the  price  of  ten  guineas.  The  bull  was  scarcely 
large  enough  to  match  the  mates  of  such  animals  as  the  Durham 
Ox  and  the  White  Heifer,  and  so  after  one  season's  use  he  was 
transferred  to  CHARLES  COLLING.  This  time  MR.  COLLING  decided 
that  the  bull  must  have  some  value  in  his  mellow  furriness  and  he 
consequently  used  him  for  two  years.  Late  in  1787  he  was  sold 
to  MR.  HUBBACK  of  North  Seton,  Northumberland.  At  ten  years 
of  age  he  had  as  yet  been  unnamed  but  usage  gradually  gave  him 
the  name  of  his  owner,  and  when  he  died  at  fourteen  years, 
HUBBACK  had  furnished  the  blood  which  MR.  BATES  (74)  used  to 
mate  with  his  Duchess  cows. 

CHARLES  COLLING'S  breeding  career  closed  in  1810,  at  which 
time  his  inbreeding  methods  had  made  approximately  three 
fourths  of  the  herd  come  from  the  loins  either  of  Favorite  or  his 
son  Comet.  The  forty-seven  head  in  the  sale  brought  $35,000, 
with  the  $5,000  Comet  at  the  top.  For  company's  sake,  MR.  COL- 
LING had  reserved  the  deep  milking,  wide  spread  Magdalena  by 
Comet,  but  so  ardent  was  the  demand  and  so  importunate  the 
pleadings  of  his  old  friend  JONAS  WHITAKER  that  even  Magdalena 
ultimately  left  the  estate.  After  the  sale,  a  simple  ceremony  was 


246  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

ordered,  to  present  MR.  COLLING  with  a  piece  of  silver  plate  bear- 
ing the  signatures  of  over  fifty  breeders,  "as  a  token  of  gratitude 
due  from  the  benefit  they  have  derived  from  his  judgment,  and 
also  as  a  testimony  of  their  esteem  for  him  as  a  man." 

ROBERT  COLLING'S  individual  accomplishments  were  perhaps 
lesser  than  those  of  CHARLES,  but  it  is  difficult  to  say  just  where 
his  counsels  ended  and  CHARLES'  began,  so  intimate  was  their 
association.  Early  in  his  career,  he  bought  Leicester  sheep  from 
BAKEWELL  (78)  and  developed  a  system  of  ram  leases  that  be- 
came a  certain  source  of  profit.  Three  tribes  of  Shorthorns  were 
created  at  Barmpton,  the  Wildairs,  the  Red  Roses  and  the  Prin- 
cesses, while  the  bulk  of  the  foundation  bulls  of  THOMAS  BOOTH 
were  here  produced.  The  Princess  blood  was  indeed  epochal  as 
through  the  Princess-bred  Belvedere,  MR.  BATES  (74)  ultimate 
success  occurred.  ROBERT  COLLING'S  partial  dispersion  was  in 
1818  and  completed  in  1820.  At  the  first  sale  sixty  head  sold  for 
$40,000,  while  two  years  later  forty-six  head  brought  only  $10,- 
000,  due  to  the  deep  agricultural  depression  of  the  time. 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  247 

ORGANIZER  OF  THE  AMERICAN  SHORTHORN 
ASSOCIATION 

95.  The  leading  Shorthorn  spirit  in  Illinois  during  the  years 
just  following  the  Civil  War  was  the  HON.  J.  HENRY  PICKRELL, 
first  president  of  the  American  Shorthorn  Breeders'  Association 
and  later  its  secretary.  MR.  PICKRELL  descended  from  Kentucky 
and  Virginia  ancestors,  his  father  settling  in  Sangamon  Co.,  Illi- 
nois, in  1828.  He  was  born  March  20,  1834,  and  was  early 
identified  with  Shorthorn  breeding.  In  1859  he  was  made  presi- 
dent of  the  Macon  County  Fair  in  Illinois,  and  as  its  representative 
attended  the  Bourbon  County  (Ky.)  Fair  and  the  Kentucky  State 
Fair. 

His  prominence  in  the  Shorthorn  trade  dates  from  1865,  when 
he  brought  to  his  farm  at  Harristown  the  yearling  bull  Sweep- 
stakes 6320,  of  Rose  of  Sharon  blood  purchased  from  GEORGE 
M.  BRADFORD  of  Kentucky.  Sweepstakes  was  sired  by  MR.  REN- 
ICK'S  famous  Airdrie,  and  therefore  carried  a  double  line  of 
Woodburn  blood  (82).  Sweepstakes  won  first  prize  as  a  two- 
year-old  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair  of  1866,  and  was  made  champion 
over  MR.  DUNCAN'S  hitherto  invincible  Minister.  In  1868  MR. 
PICKRELL  imported  from  Kentucky  the  Phyllis  cow  Kate  Lewis, 
of  B.  F.  VAN  METER'S  (98)  breeding  and  won  championship  with 
her  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair  of  1868.  Sweepstakes  was  again 
champion  at  this  fair,  and  won  the  $200  prize  offered  for  a  bull 
with  five  of  his  get.  He  was  ultimately  sold  to  Ohio,  and  MR. 
PICKRELL  was  forced  to  submit  to  bulls,  other  than  his  own,  win- 
ning in  the  showring.  He  had  such  an  insatiable  thirst  for  show- 
yard  successes,  however,  that  after  considerable  search  he  secured 
the  Cochrane-bred  Baron  Booth  of  Lancaster,  one  of  the  most 
noted  bulls  ever  on  the  great  show  circuits  of  America.  In  the 
hands  of  MR.  PICKRELL'S  herdsman,  DAVID  GRANT,  Baron  Booth 
developed  to  a  full  maturity  of  2,600  pounds.  From  his  service 


248  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

was  secured  the  bull  Baron  Lewis,  that  defeated  his  sire  for  cham- 
pionship at  the  Indiana  State  Fair  and,  brought  a  price  of  $3,000 
in  the  sale  ring. 

MR.  PICKRELL  in  1877  entered  partnership  with  the  famous 
Missouri  breeder,  J.  H.  KISSINGER,  half  the  herd  being  maintained 
at  Clarksville,  Mo.,  and  the  other  at  Harristown,  111.  The  suc- 
cess of  the  combination  was  instantaneous,  and  the  two  were  so 
important  in  the  early  show  rings  that  in  the  twelve  years  from 
1867  to  1879,  their  prizes  aggregated  above  $40,000.  Their  rela- 
tions were  broken  in  1879. 

In  the  early  80's  MR.  PICKRELL  formed  a  partnership  with 
THOMAS  &  SMITH  of  Kentucky,  and  in  1883,  the  firm  sold  seventy- 
two  head  at  an  average  of  $420.  Throughout  MR.  PICKRELL'S 
entire  career,  he  was  exceptionally  successful  with  his  sale  offer- 
ings, and  the  bulk  of  his  averages  ran  between  $400  and  $600. 
Perhaps  his  greatest  service  to  the  breed  lay  in  his  active  partici- 
pation in  the  organization  of  the  American  Shorthorn  Breeders' 
Association  and  the  acquisition  of  the  Allen,  Kentucky  and  Ohio 
registration  records  to  form  the  "American  Shorthorn  Breeders' 
Herd  Book."  MR.  PICKRELL  was  the  first  president  and  was  later 
chosen  secretary  to  succeed  COLONEL  MUIR,  a  position  he  held 
until  his  death  in  1901. 

Outside  of  his  livestock  affiliations,  MR.  PICKRELL  developed 
numerous  agricultural  interests  that  gave  him  a  wealth  of  ma- 
terial for  journalistic  purposes.  The  columns  of  all  agricultural 
papers  were  open  to  his  contributions,  but  for  the  last  thirty 
years  of  his  life  he  was  a  salaried  member  of  the  staff  of  the 
Country  Gentleman,  acting  specifically  as  its  Illinois  Livestock 
Reporter.  MR.  PICKRELL'S  style  was  unadorned,  but  his  ideas 
were  most  highly  practical,  hence  his  influence  was  far-reaching. 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  249 

A  RECORDER  OF  SHORTHORN  RELATIONSHIPS 

96.  One  of  the  most  difficult  tasks  in  connection  with  the  found- 
ing of  pure  breeds  has  been  the  collection  of  the  material  neces- 
sary to  establish  the  herd  and  record  books.  In  the  more  widely 
distributed  breeds  the  situation  has  been  particularly  appalling, 
never  more  so  than  in  1848  when  Louis  F.  ALLEN  of  New  York 
brought  out  his  first  volume  of  Shorthorn  records.  Rail  trans- 
portation was  still  in  its  infancy,  and  the  seed  stock  that  had 
crossed  from  Britain  in  the  preceding  quarter  century  was  so 
widely  dispersed  that  there  was  no  hope  of  emulating  the  worthy 
Coates  and  making  pilgrimage  by  sturdy  nag  from  manor  to 
farm  and  village  to  hamlet.  Hence  the  first  volume  was  incom- 
plete, being  based  almost  solely  on  the  animals  of  New  England, 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania  with  which  MR.  ALLEN  was  person- 
ally familiar.  As  an  additional  discouragement  to  early  pro- 
motion, it  left  the  printer  at  almost  the  low  mark  of  the  business 
depression  of  the  40's.  With  the  change  of  tide  in  the  early  50's, 
breeders  began  to  take  more  interest  in  the  records  of  their  animals 
and  MR.  ALLEN  was  more  hopeful  when  he  undertook  the  produc- 
tion of  the  second  volume.  N 

Of  the  Shorthorn  lovers  of  the  period,  MR.  ALLEN  was  perhaps 
best  fitted  for  this  task.  He  had  visited  several  of  the  important 
breeders  of  the  red,  white  and  roan  in  rural  England,  and  was 
personally  intimate  with  many  of  the  New  England  and  Middle 
State  importers.  Near  Black  Rock,  New  York,  he  had  maintained 
a  small  herd  of  the  breed  and  was  instinctively  a  student  of  pedi- 
grees an4  pedigree  methods. 

Hence  when  he  resumed  his  efforts  in  1851,  he  found  more 
encouragement,  particularly  from  the  coterie  of  promoters  and 
breeders  in  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  valleys.  In  Kentucky  a 
committee  of  breeders  had  been  appointed  to  collect  the  data  on 
the  Shorthorns  of  their  state,  and  when  the  report  was  ready  to 
be  published,  the  records  were  turned  over  to  MR.  ALLEN  for  his 


250  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

second  volume.  In  the  autumn  of  1855  the  book  appeared  with 
approximately  3,000  pedigrees.  In  many  cases  the  information 
was  fragmentary  and  more  than  once  errors  and  even  forgeries 
were  discovered.  But  the  proper  foundation  had  been  laid  and 
MR.  ALLEN  was  recognized  throughout  the  Shorthorn  fraternity 
as  the  authorized  custodian  of  the  records. 

The  growth  of  the  breed  interests  was  most  pronounced,  in  the 
Mississippi  valley  in  the  70's,  and  gradually  the  geographic  limits 
led  to  dissensions  among  the  breeders.  The  western  and  southern 
men  soon  felt  that  the  location  of  pedigree  autocracy  in  New  York 
gave  numerous  possibilities  of  minority  control,  and  in  the  early 
70's  two  new  registers  appeared,  the  American  Shorthorn  Record 
in  Kentucky  and  the  Ohio  Shorthorn  Record  in  that  state.  The 
only  solution  guaranteeing  a  strong  and  permanent  future  was  the 
unification  of  the  three  interests,  so  in  the  autumn  of  1882  the  first 
step  was  taken  through  the  acquirement  of  MR.  ALLEN'S  records 
for  $25,000,  by  the  newly  organized  American  Shorthorn 
Breeders'  Association.  Immediately  thereafter  the  other  two 
registers  were  purchased  and  since  1883  there  has  been  but  one 
book.  Headquarters  of  the  records  were  removed  to  Chicago, 
and  have  remained  either  there  or  at  Springfield  ever  since. 

One  very  great  service  which  MR.  ALLEN  rendered  was  in  the 
publication  of  his  volume  on  "American  Cattle."  This  first 
appeared  in  1868,  and  summarized  the  knowledge  at  that  time 
available  on  the  improved  cattle  in  America,  as  well  as  giving 
considerable  of  the  early  lore  on  feeding  and  breeding.  His 
death,  less  than  a  decade  after  relinquishing  his  position  of  author- 
ity in  the  breed,  removed  one  of  the  most  notable  servants  of 
improved  stock  of  the  early  days. 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  251 

ONE  OF  GOD'S  GENTLEMEN 

97.  Among  the  busy  men  of  industry  who  grounded  their  suc- 
cesses in  the  soil  was  EMERY  COBB,  one  of  the  formative  spirits  of 
the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  MR.  COBB  was  born  in  Dryden, 
N.  Y.,  August  20,  1831.  At  eleven  years  of  age  his  father  died, 
but  under  his  maternal  grandfather,  LEMI  BRADLEY,  he  secured 
the  best  of  common  school  educations  and  was  financed  for  a 
course  in  telegraphy  at  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  After  a  few  assignments, 
in  which  he  was  exceptionally  successful,  he  was  made  manager 
of  his  company,  the  old  Erie  &  Western.  In  1852  he  proceeded 
by  water  from  Cleveland  to  Chicago  and  was  one  of  the  few 
survivors  to  float  ashore  when  the  boat  burned.  This  laid  the 
foundation  for  a  delicacy  under  indoor  life  that  ultimately  forced 
his  retirement.  In  1853  un4er  MR.  COBB'S  control  five  separate 
telegraph  companies  were  merged  under  his  management,  and  in 
1856  these  were  absorbed  by  the  Western  Union,  MR.  COBB  being 
made  western  superintendent  at  Chicago.  He  established  the 
transmittal  of  money  by  telegraph  and  during  the  Civil  War  was 
in  charge  of  the  transmission  of  the  War  Department  orders  and 
reports  that  were  sent  by  wire.  He  was  entrusted  with  the  service 
code,  and  was  a  valued  friend  and  aide  to  PRESIDENT  LINCOLN. 
Failing  health  forced  him  to  seek  release  from  his  arduous  duties 
after  the  Civil  War,  but  so  desirous  was  the  company  of  retaining 
his  services  that  they  sent  him  abroad  for  a  year  in  the  hope  of 
restoring  him.  The  attempt  was  unsuccessful,  however,  and  he 
retired  to  his  farm  in  Kankakee,  purchased  in  1861. 

Here  his  improvement  was  gradual.  He  was  made  president 
of  the  First  National  Bank,  and  in  1867,  GOVERNOR  OGLESBY  ap- 
pointed him  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  University 
of  Illinois.  In  1873,  the  board  was  reduced  from  a  membership 
of  twenty-eight  to  nine,  and  MR.  COBB  was  made  chairman  of  the 
finance  committee,  a  position  held  twenty-six  years. 


252  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Shorthorns  were  first  recorded  by  him  in  1870.  He  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  establishment  of  the  American  Shorthorn 
Breeders'  Association,  and  was  its  second  president,  serving  from 
1884  to  1900.  He  survived  the  floods  of  Booth,  Bates  and 
Scotch  popularity  by  making  his  tenet  the  best  animal  regard- 
less of  the  fashionableness  of  its  bloodlines. 

MR.  COBB  was  very  successful  financially,  a  part  of  his  wealth 
arising  from  the  gradual  incorporation  of  his  farm  into  the  limits 
of  Kankakee.  He  died  at  the  age  of  seventy-nine,  on  April  14, 
1910.  Perhaps  his  most  outstanding  trait  was  his  courtliness  of 
manner  and  his  gentlemanly  character.  MR.  COBB  was  a  man  of 
high  spiritual  nature  respected  and  beloved  by  all  who  knew  him, 
and  he  rightly  earned  the  title  accorded  him  by  a  Kankakee 
friend,  in  a  published  appreciation,  "one  of  God's  Gentlemen." 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  253 

A  SHORTHORN  SOLON 

98.  The  romance  of  the  early  Kentuckians  and  Ohioans  who 
courageously  risked  their  lives  and  fortunes  to  build  up  the 
blooded  cattle  industry  of  America  can  never  be  adequately  told. 
The  names  of  RENICK  (92)  and  VAN  METER,  WARFIELD  and 
ALEXANDER  (82),  CUNNINGHAM  and  COMBS,  are  now  memories; 
the  strains  they  fought  so  earnestly  to  perpetuate  are  now  over- 
shadowed by  the  soggy  rent-payers  from  the  Northland,  and  the 
manors  that  cradled  their  triumphs  are  now  given  over  to  the 
most  diversified  of  agricultural  production. 

Almost  alone  of  those  mighty  intellects  survives  MR.  BENJAMIN 
F.  VAN  METER,  now  of  Lexington,  who  during  his  active  years 
lived  on  the  parental  estate  in  Clark  Co.,  about  four  miles  from 
the  town  of  Winchester.  MR.  VAN  METER  was  born  January  30, 
1834,  the  fifth  son  in  a  family  of  fifteen.  It  was  in  this  year  that 
FELIX  RENICK  (92)  crossed  the  waters  to  import  the  first  pedi- 
greed cattle  to  come  west  of  the  Allegheny  mountains.  Both 
ISAAC  VAN  METER  and  CAPT.  ISAAC  CUNNINGHAM,  father  and 
grandfather  of  BEN  VAN  METER,  were  heavy  stockholders  in  this 
venture.  Born  thus  into  an  atmosphere  of  pedigreed  stock,  it  was 
not  surprising  that  in  1853  he  chose  to  go  to  England  with  his 
brother  SOLOMON  and  CHARLES  T.  GARRARD  rather  than  complete 
his  college  course.  On  this  trip  he  first  made  the  acquaintance 
of  ROBERT  A.  ALEXANDER  (82)  and  was  fortunate  to  have  the 
opportunity  of  returning  aboard  ship  as  sole  Kentuckian  in  the 
company  of  this  early  master. 

The  friendship  here  commenced,  ripened  into  a  permanent 
asset  for  MR.  VAN  METER.  Due  to  the  sharp  practice  of  a  neigh- 
bor, SQUIRE  DUNCAN,  he  was  cheated  out  of  the  service  of  the 
bull  Lord  John,  of  Woodburn  breeding,  for  which  he  had  bartered. 
So  firm  was  MR.  ALEXANDER'S  interest,  however,  that  he  permitted 
the  young  VAN  METER  to  use  for  four  months,  the  undefeated 
Second  Duke  of  Airdrie,  then  billed  for  shipment  to  Scotland. 


254  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

In  1854  his  father  ISAAC  VAN  METER  died,  and  BEN  VAN  METER 
became  sole  executor  of  the  estate,  the  herd  at  that  time  totaling 
about  one  hundred  head  of  cattle.  His  share,  consisting  of  eight 
choice  animals,  constituted  the  foundation  from  which  he  bred, 
with  only  slight  additions  from  the  outside,  for  a  period  of  fifty 
years.  Among  the  females  added  were  the  heifers,  Gem  the 
Second,  out  of  Imported  Gem  by  BROKER,  and  Red  Rose  the  Sec- 
ond, foundress  of  MR.  VAN  METER'S  Red  Roses.  The  best  cow 
bred  in  the  VAN  METER  herd  was  Red  Rose  the  Eighth,  winner  at 
the  best  Kentucky  fairs  and  finally  first  in  Winchester  over  ABRAM 
RENICK'S  two  best  Roses  of  Sharon,  WILLIAM  WARFIELD'S  two 
best  Loudon  Duchesses,  EDWIN  BEDFORD'S  two  best  Loudon 
Duchesses,  and  a  half  dozen  recently  imported  cows  shown  by 
the  Clark  County  Importing  Co.  She  was  never  defeated  but 
once,  and  then  by  her  full  sister,  Red  Rose  Eleventh  bred  by  MR. 
VAN  METER.  When  finally  sold  to  B.  B.  GROOM,  she  won  first 
prize  at  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  Cattle  Show.  A  public  sale 
about  this  time  of  thirty-nine  animals  brought  a  total  of  $55,000 
to  MR.  VAN  METER,  a  Rose  of  Sharon  of  his  own  breeding  bring- 
ing $3,000,  and  a  yearling  Rose  of  Sharon  by  Fourth  Duke  of 
Geneva  bringing  $5,550.  His  most  famous  family  in  the  light  of 
the  years  was  the  Young  Mary  line,  and  it  is  with  the  Young  Marys 
that  Shorthorn  breeders  associate  the  VAN  METER  name. 

MR.  VAN  METER  was  an  intimate  friend  and  close  associate 
of  ABRAM  RENICK,  SR.,  in  spite  of  the  letter's  ten  years'  advan- 
tage in  experience. 

The  VAN  METERS  were  descended  from  one  of  the  early  Dutch 
settlers  in  New  Amsterdam,  his  ancestor,  JANS  JYSPERTSEN  VAN 
METERENE,  crossing  from  Bommell,  South  Holland,  in  1663. 
The  family  lived  in  New  York  and  later  in  what  is  now  West 
Virginia,  and  from  earliest  times  was  devoted  to  agricultural 
pursuits.  MR.  VAN  METER  was  the  first  vice  president  of  the 
American  Shorthorn  Breeders'  Association  and  played  an  influen- 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  255 

tial  role  in  its  foundation.  Since  his  retirement  from  active 
breeding,  he  has  taken  a  great  interest  in  the  problems  of 
improvement  of  Kentucky  stock,  and  with  true  BATES  loyalty 
has  fought  hard  for  the  dual  purpose  kind.  He  has  published 
several  articles  on  the  methods  of  producing  suitable  farm  ani- 
mals from  the  grade  Jersey  and  Holstein  foundations,  of  his 
native  state,  crossed  later  with  pure  Shorthorn  bulls.  His  mem- 
ories of  the  golden  days  of  BATES'  prosperity  constitute  an 
exceptional  storehouse  for  the  pedigree  student  of  today. 


256  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  BUILDER  OF  CORNBELT  AGRICULTURE 

99.  The  beginnings  of  Illinois  cattle  breeding  were  laid  in 
the  days  when  early  Kentuckians  crossed  over  the  Ohio  to  con- 
quer the  fertile  prairies  of  Illinois.  Typical  of  this  pioneer  type 
both  as  to  influence  for  the  future  on  the  state's  farm  practice 
and  as  to  the  heritage  in  worthy  descendants  who  carried  for- 
ward the  pioneer  ideal  was  CAPTAIN  JAMES  NICHOLAS  BROWN 
of  Grove  Park  in  Sangamon  County. 

CAPTAIN  BROWN  was  born  October  3,  1806,  in  Fayette  Co., 
Kentucky,  amid  the  pastoral  greens  of  fields  early  famous  for 
their  contribution  to  American  livestock.  He  was  Captain  of 
militia  in  his  native  state  but  early  acquired  the  taste  for  Short- 
horn cattle  under  the  inspiration  of  his  maternal  uncles,  of  the 
famous  Kentucky  WARFIELD  family.  In  1834  with  his  father 
he  drove  his  herd  from  Kentucky  to  Illinois.  So  successful  was 
he  on  his  better  animals,  even  prior  to  this  date,  that  he  had 
received  numerous  prizes,  treasured  heirlooms  in  the  family  to 
the  present  time.  CAPTAIN  BROWN  was  the  first  apostle  of  the 
truth  that  the  most  profit  in  a  permanent  agriculture  comes 
from  marketing  good  grass  and  good  corn  in  the  form  of  good 
cattle.  He  was  essentially  a  farmer  and  gradually  extended 
his  interests  to  Berkshire  swine  and  Southdown  sheep.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislatures  of  1840,  1842,  1846  and 
1853,  a  colleague  and  friend  of  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN.  From  this 
position  he  lent  notable  assistance  in  organizing  the  Illinois 
State  Agricultural  Society,  and  was  elected  its  first  president. 
So  interested  was  he  in  the  welfare  of  agriculture,  that  in  present- 
ing the  case  for  state  appropriations  for  this  purpose  before  the 
legislature,  he  said:  "So  you  will  know  I  stand  for  this  heart  and 
soul,  I  will  duplicate  dollar  for  dollar  any  appropriation  you 
may  make."  His  earnestness  carried  the  day,  and  the  initial 
appropriation  of  $3,000  was  matched  by  Capt.  Brown. 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  257 

In  the  early  50's  he  made  trips  both  to  Ohio  and  Kentucky, 
bringing  back  a  number  of  valuable  Shorthorns.  He  partici- 
pated in  organizing  the  Illinois  Importing  Association  and 
together  with  DR.  JOHN  of  Decatur,  and  HENRY  JACOBY  of 
Springfield  went  abroad  in  1857.  A  valuable  consignment  of 
cattle,  horses,  swine  and  sheep  was  obtained,  the  first  direct 
importation  into  Illinois.  At  the  sale  of  this  stock  held  at 
Springfield,  he  purchased  imp.  Rachel  2nd  at  the  then  long 
price  of  $3,025.  The  venture  was  a  great  success,  twenty-seven 
head  bringing  an  average  price  of  $1,165. 

Previous  to  this  time  CAPTAIN  BROWN  had  initiated  his  Illinois 
career  as  a  showman.  At  the  first  exhibition  of  the  State  Board 
of  Agriculture  in  1853  he  took  six  prizes.  Thenceforward  his 
success  in  the  showring  was  cumulative,  and  the  ensuing  battles 
at  the  Illinois  State  Fair  brought  him  victory  during  the  eleven 
successive  years  for  the  grand  herd  prize.  CAPT.  BROWN  was 
more  than  a  breeder.  In  1856  Grove  Park  received  the  prize 
of  the  Illinois  Board  of  Agriculture  for  the  best  arranged  and 
most  economically  conducted  grazing  farm  in  the  state.  He 
was  a  student  of  rural  beauty,  and  his  plantations  of  black 
locusts,  and  his  field  and  drive  lines  of  black  walnut,  elicited 
the  admiration  of  all  visitors. 

He  was  a  close  personal  friend  of  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN  and  at 
the  funeral  of  the  lamented  statesman  in  Springfield,  he  had 
the  honor  of  being  one  of  the  pallbearers.  CAPT.  BROWN'S  por- 
trait hangs  on  the  walls  of  the  State  Capitol  at  Springfield  and 
also  in  the  Hall  of  Fame  at  the  University  of  Illinois.  During 
the  later  years  of  his  life  CAPT.  BROWN'S  three  sons,  WILLIAM, 
CHARLES  and  BENJAMIN,  participated  in  the  management  of  the 
farm,  enabling  the  continuation  of  the  breeding  and  feeding 
operations  till  the  present.  CAPT.  BROWN'S  death  occurred  in 
1869,  and  his  body  lies  at  rest  under  the  bluegrass  he  so  thor- 
oughly builded  on. 


258  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

FOUNDER  OF  THE  EXPORT  CATTLE  TRADE 

100.  JOHN  D.  GILLETT  was  the  dean  of  the  fat  stock  men  of 
the  60's,  70's  and  80's  and  was  the  originator  of  and  sponsor 
for  the  export  bullock  trade  to  Great  Britain.  He  was  born 
at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  April  28,  1819,  of  French  Huguenot 
descent.  His  ancestor,  JONATHAN  GILLETT,  emigrated  in  1630 
to  Dorchester,  Mass.,  in  one  of  WINTHROP'S  companies.  On 
being  made  a  free  man  he  proved  his  mettle  by  volunteering 
to  fight  the  Pequot  Indians  at  New  London,  and  was  one  of 
sixteen  to  return  from  that  bloody  encounter.  For  this  service 
he  received  a  grant  of  land,  the  Wetang  Meadows.  The  GILLETTS 
were  minute  men  and  volunteers  in  the  Colonial  Army,  fighting 
at  Lexington  and  many  other  of  the  northern  engagements.  The 
Connecticut  book  of  the  Revolutionary  War  from  the  Adjutant 
General's  office  records  49  GILLETTS  in  the  commands  of 
COLONEL  HUNTINGTON  and  GENERAL  WOOSTER,  among  them 
JOHN  GILLETT'S  grandfather,  BENONI.  His  father  ELIPHAZ  was 
captain  and  sole  owner  of  the  brig  "John"  engaged  in  the  West 
Indies  and  coastwise  trade. 

When  he  was  three  years  old  his  father  died,  but  his  mother 
was  able  to  send  him  to  the  Lancastrian  school  in  New  Haven. 
In  his  seventeenth  year  he  sailed  in  the  ship  "Thomas**  to 
Georgia,  where  he  clerked  in  his  uncle's  store,  but  in  1838 
returned  to  New  Haven  where  he  attended  the  Pearl  Academy 
for  three  months.  He  then  decided  to  cast  his  fortune  in  the 
west,  and  in  42  days  made  the  journey  from  New  Haven  to 
Illinois,  going  via  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  from  Pittsburg  to 
St.  Louis  and  thence  by  stage  to  Springfield,  111.  The  last 
twenty  miles  to  Bald  Knob,  the  home  of  another  uncle,  were 
made  on  foot,  and  he  made  a  humble  start  at  $8  a  month  as  a 
farm  hand  for  his  uncle.  With  the  first  $50  saved  he  entered 
40  acres  of  land,  as  at  that  time  most  of  the  land  in  Logan 
county  was  for  sale  at  government  prices,  prairie  land  not  being 


OF    THE   SADDLE   AND   SIRLOIN    CLUB  259 

considered  as  desirable  as  timber  land.  Many  believed  that  it 
would  be  a  century  before  the  prairie  would  be  settled,  due  to 
the  exposure  to  cold  bleak  winds  and  the  difficulty  of  obtaining 
fuel.  By  1842  as  a  result  of  saving  all  the  money  he  could  and 
investing  it  in  land  he  was  owner  of  240  acres.  During  this 
year  he  married  and  began  running  cattle  on  the  open  grass  of 
Sangamon  and  Logan  counties.  This  stock  was  secured  from 
other  settlers  and  was  descended  from  the  best  blood  of  the 
Ohio  and  Kentucky  Shorthorns.  MR.  GILLETT  determined  to 
cultivate  to  corn  all  of  the  land  he  could  secure.  Although 
corn  sold  at  only  6  to  8  cents  a  bushel,  it  was  quite  profitable 
when  put  through  cattle.  He  fenced  his  pastures,  selected  his 
best  heifers,  and  in  1850  bought  his  first  purebred  bull,  a  Short- 
horn, secured  to  effect  his  feeder  ideal,  from  the  herd  of  MR. 
THOMAS  SKINNER.  From  time  to  time  he  bought  more  good 
bulls  of  Shorthorn  blood,  but  always  paid  more  attention  to 
individual  merit  than  pedigree.  He  was  not  a  breeder  as  he 
always  purchased  his  own  sires,  but  he  stayed  neither  hand  nor 
pocketbook  when  he  found  animals  that  met  his  concept.  He 
omitted  no  opportunity  to  purchase  all  the  cattle  his  neighbors 
had  to  sell  and  his  wonderful  ability  to  judge  the  quality  and 
weights  of  cattle  on  the  hoof  often  netted  him  $500  profit  on  a 
single  day's  work. 

By  1852  MR.  GILLETT  ha4  the  largest  farm  and  the  greatest 
number  of  cattle,  horses  and  hogs,  of  any  farmer  in  Logan  Co. 
He  employed  a  number  of  men  to  attend  to  the  manual  labor 
of  feeding  and  herding  the  cattle,  and  several  tenants  to  farm 
the  land  and  raise  his  corn  at  10  to  15  cents  a  bushel,  thereby 
conducting  his  farming  and  stock  feeding  operations  on  the 
largest  possible  scale.  He  conceived  the  purpose  of  supplying 
the  Chicago  market  with  a  line  of  grade  steers  that  would 
excel  anything  received  there,  and  there  is  little  question  but 
what  he  accomplished  his  purpose.  At  the  end  of  his  first 


260  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

quarter  century  of  farming  he  possessed  12,000  acres  of  land 
and  a  herd  of  3,000  high  grade  Shorthorn  cattle  from  which 
he  annually  marketed  300  steers  of  his  own  raising,  weighing 
1800  to  2400  pounds.  At  his  death  in  1888  he  possessed  18,000 
acres,  with  his  innate  spirit  of  expansion  still  unsatisfied.  On 
his  -death  bed  one  of  his  friends  who  had  called  to  express  his 
farewell  grief  was  astonished  to  have  MR.  GILLETT  state  in 
regretful  tones  that  he  had  made  a  big  mistake  in  his  life.  The 
friend  responded  that  he  could  not  see  how  a  man  whose  years 
had  been  packed  with  constructive  endeavor,  such  as  MR.  GIL- 
LETT'S,  could  have  had  time  to  make  a  mistake.  But  the  old 
gentleman  insisted,  and  thinking  to  learn  something,  perhaps 
of  a  gossipy  nature,  his  friend  pressed  him  for  an  explanation. 
The  old  gentleman  hesitated,  then  in  a  sudden  burst  of  confi- 
dence said,  "I  should  have  bought  more  land." 

In  1872  he  sent  86  head  of  three-year-olds  to  Albany,  averag- 
ing there  1891  pounds  per  head,  and  the  next  year  90  head  that 
averaged  1780  pounds.  In  December,  1873,  he  had  75  three- 
year-olds  on  the  Buffalo  market  that  averaged  above  a  ton,  their 
home  weight  being  2250  pounds.  During  that  year  he  marketed 
at  Chicago,  Buffalo,  Albany  and  New  York,  800  three-year-olds 
averaging  1531  pounds. 

The  early  American  Fat  Stock  Shows  saw  his  keenest  triumphs. 
At  the  very  first  show  in  1878,  his  Shorthorn  steer,  John  Sher- 
man, weighing  approximately  2200  pounds  at  three  years  seven 
months,  won  the  championship.  Again  in  1880,  he  was  promi- 
nent as  an  exhibitor,  but  since  his  cattle  came  direct  from  the 
pastures,  the  necessary  finish  for  ultimate  triumph  was  lacking. 
This  so  stirred  his  pride  that  in  1881  he  came  back  with  the 
celebrated  red  bullock  McMullen  at  2100  pounds  and  defeated 
Miller's  grade  Hereford  steer,  Conqueror,  for  the  championship. 
In  1882  McMullen  again  won  for  him,  after  making  a  total  gain 
for  the  year  of  470  pounds.  He  was  probably  the  finest  type 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  261 

of  the  old-fashioned  steer  ever  exhibited,  with  table  back  and 
massive  frame.  Perhaps  the  greatest  service  to  modern  Ameri- 
can steer  showing  was  the  strong  stand  he  took  favoring  the 
elimination  of  three  and  four-year-old  steers  from  the  shows. 
In  fact  by  1885,  MR.  GILLETT  was  marketing  all  of  his  cattle 
by  the  time  they  had  reached  thirty  months  of  age.  His  example 
elicited  a  number  of  noteworthy  pupils  and  MR.  D.  M.  MONINGER 
of  Iowa,  J.  G.  IMBODEN  of  Illinois,  and  a  host  of  others  carried 
forward  the  standard  and  precedents  he  had  set.  The  relief  of 
a  bullock's  head  standing  out  from  the  keystone  of  the  arch  at 
the  main  entrance  to  the  stock  yards  at  Chicago,  is  a  carving 
from  a  clay  model  of  John  Sherman,  his  first  champion,  named 
for  the  founder  of  the  yards. 

In  September,  1876,  he  made  his  first  shipment  of  live  cattle 
to  England,  one  hundred  head  averaging  2100  pounds.  Between 
1876  and  1880  he  shipped  1,300  steers  to  the  Liverpool  and 
London  markets.  In  1879  one  of  his  shipments  destined  for 
Britain  was  Averted  at  New  York  by  WILLIAM  OTTMAN  &  Co. 
of  the  Fulton  Market,  at  a  then  sensational  cost  of  $6  per  cwt. 
These  were  exhibited  at  the  MESSRS.  OTTMAN'S  stalls  in  the  great 
Durham  Premium  Christmas  Cattle  and  Sheep  Exhibit  at  the 
Madison  Square  Gardens  and  won  extreme  praise.  In  1881  he 
shipped  to  Liverpool  by  the  steamer  "Thanemore"  122  bullocks 
averaging  1963  pounds,  that  brought  him  a  $200  average  price 
or  a  total  of  $24,400,  about  $5,000  more  profit  than  MR.  GILLETT 
figured  he  could  have  made  if  he  had  disposed  of  them  in  Amer- 
ica. The  mammoth  McMullen  and  thirty  other  show  steers 
featured  his  1882  shipment,  which  consisted  of  167  animals. 

His  methods  of  outdoor  feeding  of  steers,  and  of  keeping  his 
cows  and  calves  on  bluegrass  pasture  without  shelter,  being  fed 
only  in  the  severest  weather,  produced  a  very  hardy  strain  of 
cattle.  He  believed  that  perfect  freedom  and  exercise  in  the 
open  air  were  necessary  to  produce  a  full  and  healthy  develop- 


262  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

ment  and  that  cattle  are  better  off  without  shelter  and  less  liable 
to  disease.  He  demonstrated  that  Shorthorn  cattle  were  not 
too  tender  for  successful  raising  and  feeding  anywhere  in  the 
country,  as  the  unrestricted  sweep  of  the  winter  winds  of  the 
Illinois  prairie  severely  test  the  endurance  of  animals  exposed 
to  the  weather;  also  that  cattle  might  be  raised  to  the  highest 
degree  of  excellence  without  an  expensive  outlay  for  buildings, 
and  that  corn  and  bluegrass  would  produce  the  finest  quality 
of  meat.  The  reputation  of  his  cattle  gained  at  the  Fat  Stock 
Shows  in  Chicago  for  their  surpassing  physical  development 
and  hardiness  created  a  demand  from  the  western  ranchmen, 
who  bought  thereafter  for  breeding  purposes  the  greater  part 
of  his  annual  crop  of  calves.  In  June,  1879,  ROBERT  FOOTE  of 
Wyoming  took  out  41  heifers  and  a  bull  of  MR.  GILLETT'S  breed- 
ing, while  COL.  CROUCH  of  Texas  took  75  bulls  at  $100  a  head. 
In  1882  a  trainload  of  Shorthorns  delivered  at  Cheyenne 
featured  23  bulls  of  MR.  GILLETT'S  breeding  which  readily  out- 
sold all  other  consignments  in  the  train. 

In  later  years  MR.  GILLETT'S  agricultural  interests  were 
accompanied  by  political  and  banking  interests.  As  early  as 
1850  he  became  interested  in  founding  and  laying  out  towns, 
Nauvoo  in  that  year,  and  Lincoln,  111.,  ten  years  later.  He 
founded  the  first  National  Bank  of  Logan  Co.,  and  was  its  presi- 
dent until  his  death.  All  business  and  commerce  interested  him 
and  he  loved  to  assist  the  county  merchants  with  loans.  Many 
a  Logan  Co.  grocer,  butcher  or  drygoods  vendor  received  invalu- 
able financial  help  from  the  old  gentleman,  and  when  his  sturdy 
pioneer  life  finally  closed,  August  25,  1888,  he  gravely  told  his 
surviving  family,  a  widow,  seven  daughters  and  one  son,  that 
his  prairie  days  held  no  regrets,  "every  minute  I  have  enjoyed." 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  263 

A  PRAIRIE  PIONEER 

101.  The  founder  of  the  FUNK  family,  pioneer  agriculturists 
of  Illinois,  was  ISAAC  FUNK.  He  was  born  in  Clark  Co.,  Ken- 
tucky, November  17,  1797,  and  received  most  meager  educa- 
tional advantages.  In  1823  he  migrated  to  McLean  Co.,  Illinois, 
where  he  settled  on  the  acreage  that  ultimately  became  Funk's 
Grove.  Here,  without  capital,  but  by  dint  of  much  industry 
and  perseverance,  he  laid  the  foundation  of  the  biggest  fortune 
based  solely  on  agriculture,  that  has  been  developed  in  Ameri- 
can history.  After  forty-two  years  of  labor,  his  assets  were 
admittedly  above  $2,000,000,  although  he  dealt  only  in  live- 
stock and  farm  products. 

MR.  FUNK  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature  in  1840,  where 
he  served  one  term,  and  was  sent  to  the  23rd  and  24th  sessions 
as  a  member  of  the  senate.  He  was  originally  a  Whig,  but 
previous  to  the  Civil  War  became  a  Republican,  and  gave  loyal 
and  efficient  service  during  the  difficult  period  that  followed. 
He  played  a  very  important  role  in  the  retention  of  Illinois 
to  the  cause  of  the  Union,  resisting  every  effort  of  the  slave 
holders  of  the  southern  section  to  secure  its  secession.  In 
February,  1863,  he  delivered,  in  the  language  of  the  prairie 
pioneer,  what  has  been  termed  the  "most  illiterate  and  most 
intelligent"  address  the  state  senate  has  ever  heard,  against  the 
activities  of  the  anti-war  factionists,  for  which  he  received  both 
state  and  national  commendation.  His  death  occurred  January 
29,  1865. 


264  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  FINANCIAL  FRIEND  OF  THE  SHOWYARD 

102.  The  destinies  of  improved  Illinois  agriculture  were 
directed  from  the  late  50's  until  almost  the  beginning  of  this 
century,  by  as  strong  a  triumvirate  of  farmers  as  has  been 
known  in  any  state  in  America.  These  men  were  COLONEL 
JAMES  W.  JUDY  (104),  HON.  LAFAYETTE  FUNK  (103)  and  MR. 
JOHN  W.  BUNN.  Of  the  three  men,  MR.  FUNK  contributed  some- 
thing of  a  general  farming  experience,  COL.  JUDY  something  of 
the  interests  of  purebred  livestock,  and  JOHN  W.  BUNN  some- 
thing of  the  business  and  clerical  instincts,  necessary  for  the 
strong  organization  and  functioning  of  a  living  pregnant  insti- 
tution. 

MR.  BUNN  was  born  in  Hunterton  Co.,  New  Jersey,  June  30, 
1831.  At  nine  years  of  age  he  was  brought  to  Springfield, 
Illinois,  by  his  parents,  who  emigrated  across  the  waters  and 
plains  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  valleys.  His  education  was 
received  in  the  public  schools  of  Illinois,  but  he  early  mani- 
fested an  interest  in  business  affairs  and  business  methods,  and 
like  many  other  young  men  of  the  growing  country,  partici- 
pated in  local  politics.  In  1859  he  was  appointed  treasurer 
of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  a  position  he  held  unremit- 
tingly for  thirty-nine  years.  He  had  acquired  previous  to  this 
time,  title  to  some  excellent  farming  land  in  the  vicinity  of 
Springfield,  but  in  March,  1867,  he  was  appointed  treasurer 
of  the  University  of  Illinois  at  Champaign.  This  effectively 
overruled  such  desires  as  he  may  have  had  to  have  pursued 
farm  operations  personally,  and  during  the  next  three  decades, 
he  devoted  all  of  his  energy  to  public  affairs. 

In  1878  the  initial  American  Fat  Stock  Show  was  held  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Agriculture  in  the 
old  Exposition  building  on  the  Lake  Front,  where  the  Art  Insti- 
tute now  stands,  and  MR.  BUNN  acted  as  treasurer  for  a  number 
of  years.  MR.  BUNN  won  a  home  in  the  hearts  of  the  exhibitors 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  265 

since  he  always  paid  the  premiums  regardless  of  the  financial 
outcome  of  the  show.  At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  1892-1893, 
he  found  himself  in  slightly  failing  health,  and  resigned  his 
position  with  the  University.  Five  years  later  it  became  neces- 
sary for  him  to  relinquish  his  activities  with  the  Board  of  Agri- 
culture, and  on  June  7,  1920  the  last  of  the  trinity  who  had 
wielded  such  an  enormous  power  in  agricultural  organizations 
passed  beyond. 

MR.  BUNN  was  a  prominent  man  in  Illinois  business  circles. 
He  was  president  of  the  Illinois  Watch  Co.,  at  Springfield,  and 
for  many  years  head  of  a  wholesale  grocery  concern  in  that 
place.  For  nearly  a  decade  he  was  treasurer  of  the  Selz-Schwab 
Shoe  Co.  of  Chicago. 

The  effective  functioning  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture, 
the  early  promotion  of  the  rural  interests  at  the  University  of 
Illinois,  the  upbuilding  of  the  State  Fair,  the  organization  of 
the  Farmer's  Institute  System,  the  support  and  development  of 
the  Stallion  Registry  office,  the  seed,  feed  and  grain  inspection 
functions,  and  the  development  of  needed  agricultural  legisla- 
tion can  all  be  credited  to  the  activities  of  these  three  men.  In 
the  light  of  history,  it  is  hardly  possible  to  say  which  of  the 
three  did  the  most.  MR.  BUNN'S  duties  brought  him  into  contact 
with  the  public  rather  less  frequently  than  the  other  two  men, 
and  his  genius  was  directed  ordinarily  to  things  that  are  unseen, 
the  silent  and  efficient  functioning  of  the  machine.  The  debt 
of  the  State  of  Illinois  cannot  be  measured  in  monetary  terms 
to  men  such  as  these,  the  new  generation  is  reared  accustomed 
to  the  innovations  and  blessings  they  have  accomplished.  In 
the  hearts  of  the  men  who  have  struggled  beside  them,  however, 
there  will  live  forever  a  monument  and  testimonial  to  their 
spirits  and  the  things  they  have  achieved. 


266  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  STAUNCH  SUPPORTER  OF  THE  OLD-TIME  CATTLE 

SHOWS 

103.  The  second  generation  of  the  FUNK  family  so  important 
in  the  agricultural  and  livestock  development  of  Illinois,  were 
the  two  brothers,  LAFAYETTE  and  JACOB  FUNK.  By  curious  inci- 
dent, they  died  within  an  hour  of  each  other,  as  did  their  father 
and  mother,  at  their  home,  Funk's  Grove,  in  McLain  Co.,  Illinois. 
LAFAYETTE  FUNK  was  born  in  1834,  in  the  log  cabin  which  his 
father,  ISSAC  FUNK  (101)  had  timbered  ten  years  previous,  by 
the  side  of  a  huge  glacially-deposited  granite  boulder.  The 
public  activities  of  LAFAYETTE  FUNK  were  extremely  conspicu- 
ous for  many  years.  He  was  active  in  the  Illinois  legislature, 
and  was  made  a  member  of  the  upper  house  when  JOSEPH  W. 
FIFER  was  elected  governor.  MR.  FUNK  rendered  valuable  serv- 
ice to  the  agricultural  interests  of  Illinois  as  president  of  the 
State  Board  of  Agriculture,  but  it  was  in  his  capacity  as  man- 
ager of  cattle  at  the  old  Fat  Stock  Show  held  in  the  Lake  Front 
pavilion  in  Chicago  during  the  80's  that  he  achieved  his  highest 
success.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Illinois  exhibit  at  the  Colum- 
bian Exposition,  and  a  director  of  the  Union  Stock  Yard  Co., 
operating  the  Chicago  livestock  market. 

LAFAYETTE  FUNK  was  a  veritable  apostle  of  agriculture.  In 
the  early  days  he  drove  his  cattle  from  the  pastures  of  central 
Illinois  to  Chicago,  and  when  the  Chicago  markets  failed  him, 
he  drove  on  through  to  Buffalo,  or  to  Milwaukee.  Where  the  old 
MONTGOMERY  WARD  building  now  stands,  once  stood  a  grove 
of  trees,  under  which  he  frequently  paused  to  rest  his  cattle, 
and  to  water  them  from  the  Chicago  river.  MR.  FUNK  was  as 
much  a  pioneer  in  breeding  and  production  as  he  was  in  cattle 
feeding.  In  the  later  years  of  the  last  century  he  paid  close 
attention  to  the  improvement  of  Learning  and  Reid  Yellow  Dent 
corn,  participating  actively  in  the  movement  that  developed  seed 
corn  shows,  and  that  resulted  in  the  state  wide  test  of  seed  before 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  267 

planting.  MR.  FUNK  was  progressive  even  after  attaining  his 
allotted  three  score  years  and  ten,  and  actively  participated  in 
the  management  of  his  farm,  flocks  and  herds.  On  his  broad 
acres  he  established  a  twentieth  century  standard  of  agricul- 
ture that  was  widely  recognized  and  popularly  emulated.  He 
was  an  early  promoter  of  alfalfa  growing,  and  Funk's  Grove 
was  the  mecca  of  those  who  sought  a  leaf  from  MR.  FUNK'S 
extensive  experience.  He  early  extended  his  operations  to  the 
grassy  regions  west  of  the  Missouri  and  there  bred  and  nurtured 
cattle  under  more  favorable  and  economical  conditions,  to  be 
finished  in  his  Illinois  feed  lots. 

MR.  FUNK  gave  freely  to  the  public  of  his  personal  energy 
and  experience,  uninspired  by  the  instincts  that  animated  the 
ordinary  politician.  His  every  act  was  constructive.  As  presi- 
dent of  the  State  Fair,  he  sought  the  most  favorable  opportunity 
for  each  exhibitor  and  insisted  on  the  highest  possible  degree 
of  efficiency  in  the  management  of  that  institution.  He  reposes 
in  the  timber  land  where  his  boyhood  days  were  spent,  adjacent 
to  the  scene  of  nearly  a  century  of  useful  activity.  His  death 
occurred  September  6,  1919. 


268  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  GREATEST  LIVESTOCK  AUCTIONEER  OF  THE 
CLOSING  CENTURY 

104.  On  the  anniversary  of  the  65th  State  Fair  at  Springfield, 
Illinois,  there  occurred  the  death  of  a  man  whose  pioneer  work 
laid  its  foundations.  COL.  JAMES  W.  JUDY  was  America's  oldest 
livestock  auctioneer,  a  commanding  figure  in  the  pedigree  stock 
circles  for  many  years.  During  the  golden  days  of  the  Short- 
horn trade  he  was  a  popular  personality,  performing  at  most 
of  the  great  auctions. 

He  was  born  in  a  red,  white  and  roan  environment  amid  the 
bluegrass  pastures  of  Kentucky,  May  8,  1822.  He  settled  in 
Illinois  as  a  young  man,  but  had  conducted  numerous  auctions 
of  miscellaneous  farm  property  before  leaving  Kentucky.  He 
acquired  a  large  farm  near  Tallula,  111.,  not  far  from  the  home 
of  the  well  known  Shorthorn  breeder,  J.  H.  SPEARS.  COL.  JUDY 
was  a  home  loving  man  and  a  gentleman  of  the  old  school,  his 
heart  was  in  his  acres,  and  his  highest  ideal  to  make  them  as  pro- 
ductive and  fruitful  as  they  were  charming  in  topography  and 
surroundings. 

COL.  JUDY  reached  the  zenith  of  his  career  in  the  70's,  when 
he  made  dozens  of  historical  sales  both  in  the  Mississippi  valley 
and  farther  east.  His  first  Shorthorn  sale  was  cried  at  Jack- 
sonville, 111.,  in  August,  1856,  for  JUDGE  STEVEN  DUNLAP,  and 
his  career  continued  until  he  was  nearly  eighty  years  of  age. 

Among  the  heroes  of  the  Lake  Front  show,  COL.  JUDY  was  an 
influential  figure,  contributing  largely  to  the  foundation,  organ- 
ization and  operation  of  the  institution.  Possessed  of  the  quali- 
ties of  the  sage  he  early  foresaw  the  movement  tending  to 
shorten  the  feeding  life  of  the  steer  and  was  a  leading  pro- 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  269 

ponent  of  the  moves  that  ultimately  removed  the  bulky  four 
and  three-year-olds  from  the  competitions. 

COL.  JUDY  knew  all  of  the  leading  breeders  and  his  informa- 
tion on  bloodlines  and  pedigrees  was  encyclopedic  in  range  and 
accuracy.  His  simplicity,  honesty,  modesty  and  great  hearted- 
ness  won  him  a  host  of  loyal  friends,  while  his  resourceful 
sense  of  humor,  native  sagacity  and  spontaneous  generosity 
made  him  conspicuously  successful.  He  was  an  early  presi- 
dent of  the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Agriculture  and  gave  of  his 
best  years  to  the  establishment  of  the  State  Fair  at  Springfield. 
His  death  occurred  at  his  home,  "The  Walnuts,"  September  16, 
1916,  at  the  ripe  age  of  ninety-four. 


270  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  LUMBERMAN  WHO  LOVED  LIVESTOCK 

105.  A  debt  of  gratitude  is  owed  by  the  members  of  the 
SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  to  HENRY  F.  BROWN  of  Minneapolis, 
Minn.  When  the  nucleus  of  this  gallery  was  presented  to  the 
Club  by  MR.  OGILVIE,  it  was  neccessary  to  find  some  means  of 
financing  the  preparation  of  oil  portraits  of  the  other  worthies 
who  deserved  the  recognition  of  the  Sanctum  Sanctorum  with 
them.  Living  men  could  well  be  honored  by  their  friends,  but 
those  who  had  passed  on,  required  a  generous  philanthropy 
from  some  appreciative  disciple  of  the  present  day.  This  dis- 
ciple was  found  in  H.  F.  BROWN,  and  to  his  interest  and  finan- 
cial backing  are  due  the  portraits  of  BAKEWELL,  BATES,  WEBB, 
BARCLAY,  TORR,  CRUICKSHANK,  THOMAS  BOOTH,  RENICK,  ALEX- 
ANDER an-d  others.  The  amount  of  his  contribution  was  very 
large  financially,  but  even  larger  in  its  influence  on  the  coming 
generation  of  American  livestock  men,  for  here  is  gathered  a 
galaxy  of  livestock  divinities  that  breathe  an  inspiration  to  all 
who  behold. 

HENRY  F.  BROWN  was  born  at  East  Baldwin,  Me.,  October  10, 
1837.  He  was  one  of  a  family  of  ten  children  but  his  father 
was  a  man  of  sufficient  affairs  to  permit  his  education  in  the 
Baldwin  and  Fryeburg  Academies.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
sought  his  fortune  in  the  west,  entering  upon  the  lumber  busi- 
ness of  Minnesota.  So  well  did  he  prosper  that  on  his  retire- 
ment in  1896  he  possessed  large  ore  holdings  in  the  Mesabe 
iron  range,  (under  lease  to  the  United  States  Steel  Co.)  a  large 
lumber  acreage,  both  virgin  and  cutover  lands,  and  a  magnifi- 
cent Shorthorn  estate  to  which  he  devoted  his  remaining  years. 
He  was  at  one  time  president  of  the  Union  National  Bank  of 
Minneapolis  and  an  organizer  and  director  of  the  North  Ameri- 
can Telegraph  Co.  His  death  occurred  December  17,  1912, 
after  a  delaying  battle  of  two  years  with  disease. 


H.   F.    BROWN 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  271 

He  bought  the  first  acres  of  Browndale  Farm  in  1870,  and 
two  years  later  secured  from  the  famous  herd  of  COL.  W.  S. 
KING,  the  foundations  on  which  his  own  Shorthorn  operations 
were  grounded.  He  paid  little  attention  to  the  strife  in  blood- 
lines, and  merit  in  form  and  function  was  the  lodestar  toward 
which  he  was  attracted.  The  names  of  Young  Nominee,  Queen  of 
Louans  and  Missie  of  Browndale  12th  were  familiar  to  breeders 
of  three  distinct  epochs  in  Shorthorn  history.  In  fact  no  man 
in  America  was  able  more  truly  to  be  christened  veteran  than 
he.  For  exactly  forty  years  his  herd  was  a  figure  in  the  Short- 
horn annals  and  for  a  period  of  thirty-four  years  he  never  failed 
to  have  an  annual  sale.  From  his  herd  1,210  Shorthorns  were 
sold  for  an  average  of  $250,  while  thirty-three  head  left  Brown- 
dale  at  prices  between  $1,000  and  $2,025. 

In  1891  MR.  BROWN  became  a  director  of  the  Shorthorn  Asso- 
ciation, and  later  became  its  president.  He  provided  an  infinite 
force  for  good,  detesting  sham  and  pretense  and  always  making 
public  his  own  stand  on  essential  issues.  Throughout  the  dark 
days  of  business  depression  in  the  mid-nineties,  he  was  a  source 
of  inspiration  to  his  fellow  breeders  and  delved  deep  into  his 
pocket  to  tide  over  many  a  struggling  youngster  who  had  staked 
his  all  on  the  Shorthorn  standard. 


272  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

HOST  OF  MAXWALTON 

106.  REID  CARPENTER,  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  CAR- 
PENTER &  Ross,  proprietors  of  Maxwalton  Farm,  was  born  at 
Mansfield,  Ohio,  June  6th,  1853.  MR.  CARPENTER  was  educated 
as  a  lawyer,  and  his  early  years  were  spent  as  a  practicing  attor- 
ney. From  the  vantage  point  gained  in  this  position,  he  became 
interested  in  the  manufacturing  of  sanitary  appliances,  and  was 
ultimately  made  president,  when  the  business  was  incorporated 
under  the  name  of  the  HUMPHREYS  MFG.  Co.  He  first  became 
interested  in  Shorthorns  in  1902,  placing  a  few  purebreds  on 
his  farms  just  outside  his  native  city.  In  1903  he  secured  the 
services  of  PETER  G.  Ross,  then  herdsman  for  E.  S.  KELLY  of 
Whitehall  Farm,  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio.  In  order  to  encourage 
MR.  Ross  and  to  make  him  a  permanent  supporter  of  the  busi- 
ness, he  formed  a  partnership  with  him  in  1905  under  the  firm 
name  of  CARPENTER  &  Ross. 

The  foundation  of  his  success  lay  in  the  purchase  of  the 
imported  Avalanche  in  the  winter  of  1903,  the  cow  then  being 
in  calf  to  Whitehall  Sultan.  The  following  spring  she  dropped 
Avondale  245144,  a  bull  without  peer,  and  asserted  by  some  to 
be  without  equal,  as  a  sire.  Avondale  won  first  prize  as  two- 
year-old  at  the  International,  was  breed  champion  of  the  Amer- 
ican Royal,  and  at  other  ages  won  prizes  ranging  from  first  to 
fourth  in  class.  It  was  not  as  a  show  bull,  however,  that  Avon- 
dale's  success  was  marked,  but  rather  through  the  showyard 
winnings  and  the  sale  values  of  his  progeny.  He  was  the  sire 
of  five  International  champions  and  over  a  score  of  first  prize 
winners.  Attempts  to  replace  Avondale  with  bulls  of  other 
breeding  proved  unsuccessful,  the  most  notable  purchase  being 
the  imported  Shenstone  Albino,  senior  champion  of  the  1909 
International,  sire  of  the  1913  champion  Pride  of  Albion,  and 
grandsire  of  the  1919  circuit  champion  Pride  of  Oakdale.  On 
Avondale's  death  he  was  replaced  by  two  of  his  sons,  and  only 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  273 

bulls  of  his  blood  have  been  extensively  used  in  the  herd  ever 
since. 

CARPENTER  and  Ross  have  imported  large  numbers  of  British 
and  Scotch-bred  animals,  and  have  had  exceptional  averages 
almost  from  the  start  in  their  public  sales.  MR.  CARPENTER  was 
elected  president  of  the  American  Shorthorn  Breeders'  Associa- 
tion in  1916  and  in  1919,  in  company  with  his  partner,  he  made 
an  extensive  tour  of  Great  Britain,  visiting  all  of  the  leading 
herds  and  historic  points  of  Shorthorn  interest.  Following  this 
trip,  he  and  his  partner  laid  the  foundations  of  an  Aberdeen- 
Angus  herd  as  well,  and  were  highly  successful  on  the  fall  show 
circuit  of  1920. 


274  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  MIGHTY  MISSOURIAN 

107.  For  over  eighty  years  the  name  of  Ravenswood  Farm 
has  dominated  the  Shorthorn  interests  of  the  state  of  Missouri. 
The  acreage  itself  was  acquired  in  1825  by  NATHANIEL  LEONARD, 
father  of  CAPTAIN  CHARLES  E.  LEONARD,  the  director  of  the 
farm  for  over  a  half  century.  The  original  purchase  of  Short- 
horns was  made  from  GEORGE  RENICK  of  Kentucky,  the  year 
CAPTAIN  LEONARD  was  born,  and  included  the  six  hundred  dollar 
white  bull  Comet  Star,  and  the  five  hundred  dollar  red  heifer 
Queen. 

CAPT.  LEONARD  was  born  on  Ravenswood  itself,  within  a  few 
miles  of  the  present  town  of  Bunceton.  After  a  course  in  the 
Kemper  School  at  Boonville  he  pursued  studies  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Missouri.  Following  his  graduation  he  returned  to  the 
home  farm,  evincing  an  active  interest  in  agricultural  affairs. 
Following  his  marriage  October  22,  1872,  to  Miss  NADINE  N. 
NELSON  of  a  prominent  family  of  bankers,  he  settled  to  Short- 
horn promotion  with  a  will.  Under  his  direction,  the  entire 
twenty-two  hundred  acres  were  utilized  for  the  support  of 
Shorthorns,  and  many  notable  additions  were  made  to  the  herd. 
At  the  historic  New  York  Mills  sale  in  1873,  three  imported 
heifers  were  purchased,  Charming  Rose,  Rosamond  8th,  and 
Rosette,  an  average  of  $4,000  being  paid  for  them.  The  success 
of  the  Scottish  tribes  in  the  hands  of  COL.  HARRIS,  made  CAPT. 
LEONARD  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  northern  sort.  He  secured 
Barbarosa  from  SENATOR  HARRIS,  at  $1,000,  and  in  the  early 
part  of  the  twentieth  century  acquired  the  Lockridge-bred  (112) 
show  bull,  Lavender  Viscount.  His  greatest  breeding  achieve- 
ment lay  in  the  production  of  the  dam  of  Americus,  that  sold 
in  the  Argentine  in  1908  for  $38,000  gold. 

CAPT.  LEONARD  was  a  notable  judge  of  men  and  placed  com- 
plete confidence  in  those  he  charged  with  responsibility.  He 
afforded  freest  opportunity  for  his  herd  manager,  MR.  ED  PAT- 


OF  TE:E  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  275 

TERSON,  to  use  his  judgment  and  talents  in  the  development  of 
the  herd.  CAPT.  LEONARD'S  work  in  behalf  of  the  Shorthorn 
breed  was  much  more  extensive  than  the  mere  showing  and  sale 
of  high  class  stock.  He  exerted  a  powerful  influence  in  the 
formation  of  the  American  Herd  Book  and  loaned  the  sum  of 
$10,000  cash  to  complete  the  necessary  $25,000  for  the  purchase 
of  the  old  herd  records  of  MR.  Louis  F.  ALLEN  (96) . 

From  1898  to  1902  he  was  president  of  the  Shorthorn  Asso- 
ciation, and  served  continuously  as  director  from  its  organiza- 
tion in  1883  until  his  resignation  in  1906.  CAPTAIN  LEONARD 
had  an  extremely  open  mind  with  reference  to  cattle  and  pedi- 
gree value,  and  always  recognized  merit  wherever  found.  He 
was  a  keen  eyed  judge  whose  services  were  sought  in  many  a 
hotly  contested  ring,  and  his  experience  and  viewpoints  were 
treasured  as  strongly  in  the  financial  world,  in  which  he  exer- 
cised no  mean  authority  in  his  later  life.  His  death,  March  8, 
1916,  removed  one  more  of  that  ever  dwindling  circle  of  con- 
genial pioneers  that  builded  so  well  at  the  early  Royal  and 
International  shows. 


276  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  DIRECTOR  OF  SHORTHORN  DESTINIES 

108.  In  1903  the  herd  of  GEORGE  HARDING  (115)  &  SON,  whid 
for  years  had  been  a  vitalizing  factor  in  .the  Shorthorn  circles 
of  Wisconsin  and  the  Middle  West  was  put  up  at  public  auctior 
at  the  Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  in  order  to  permit  MR 
GEORGE  HARDING  to  retire.  For  the  first  time  the  SADDLE  ANI 
SIRLOIN  CLUB  was  used  as  a  medium  for  the  entertainment  oi 
the  buyers  at  that  sale,  and  it  thereby  was  dedicated  to  a  service 
in  good  fellowship  among  the  breeders  of  America  that  it  shal 
never  forego.  MR.  FRANK  HARDING,  junior  partner  of  the  firm 
thereupon  took  over  the  entire  Anoka  establishment,  and  sc 
developed  and  extended  its  operations  that  thenceforward  ii 
quite  dominated  showyard,  salering  and  breeding  herd. 

The  foundation  of  MR.  HARDING'S  phenomenal  success  was 
the  noted  show  bull  and  sire,  Whitehall  Sultan  163573.  Thi: 
famous  animal  was  imported  in  dam,  being  bred  by  J.  DEANI 
WILLIS,  Bapton  Manor.  His  sire  was  an  exceptionally  gooc 
white  bull  sold  to  the  Argentine,  Bapton  Sultan,  and  his  dan 
was  the  Royal  winner,  Bapton  Pearl.  Of  predominantly  Scotcl 
bloodlines,  he  carried  through  his  dam  the  blood  of  Moon  Daisy 
of  an  English  tribe  bred  by  DEANE  WILLIS'  father.  Many  con 
sider  the  dash  of  English  blood  the  foundation  of  his  success 
as  a  sire.  Whitehall  Sultan  was  born  to  a  show  world,  being 
dropped  the  property  of  E.  S.  KELLY,  Whitehall  Farm,  Yellov 
Springs,  Ohio,  on  the  state  fair  ground  at  Springfield,  111. 
October  11,  1900.  He  was  first  shown  as  a  two-year-old  at  the 
1903  International,  where  he  won  third  place  to  MR.  HARDING'S 
Ceremonious  Archer,  sold  for  $5,000  to  COL.  LOWDEN.  White 
hall  Sultan  was  forthwith  purchased  for  Anoka  Farms.  In  1904 
he  was  defeated  by  Choice  Goods  at  the  World's  Fair  at  St 
Louis,  but  turned  the  tables  on  the  latter  bull  at  the  Illinois 
State  Fair.  Whitehall  Sultan  lived  to  be  eleven  years  old,  anc 
approximately  125  calves  were  dropped  to  his  cover,  mostl) 


OF  THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  277 

bulls.  They  were  sufficient  not  only  to  give  MR.  HARDING  a 
foremost  rank  among  American  breeders  but  also  to  dominate 
Shorthorn  showrings  to  such  a  degree  that  in  one  period  of  six 
years  more  than  50  percent  of  the  Shorthorn  prize  winners  at 
the  International  claimed  him  for  ancestor  in  first,  second  or 
third  generation.  His  sons,  Whitehall  Marshal  (138),  White- 
hall King,  Anoka  Sultan,  Sultan  Stamp,  and  others  were  veterans 
of  Anoka,  while  Avondale,  Glenbrook  Sultan  and  Royal  Sultan 
established  enviable  records  in  other  herds. 

In  addition  to  his  contribution  of  the  Whitehall  Sultan  blood, 
MR.  HARDING  has  done  much  in  a  commercial  way  for  the  Short- 
horn breed.  He  was  the  first  man  in  America  to  try  out  con- 
sistently the  calf  sale  idea,  and  has  made  it  the  regular  means 
of  distributing  Anoka  offerings.  Furthermore  in  1914  he  was 
elected  secretary  of  the  American  Shorthorn  Breeders'  Associa- 
tion, having  previously  been  its  president.  In  this  capacity  he 
has  expanded  the  society's  activities  greatly,  developing  a  staff 
of  field  workers  for  the  breed  to  assist  in  sales,  registration, 
purchases,  fitting,  and  any  other  aid  the  small  breeder  may 
require;  a  service  that  has  unified  the  breeders  to  a  degree 
never  hitherto  known.  In  appreciation  of  this  he  was  made 
executive  of  the  association  in  June,  1920,  and  the  secretarial 
duties  were  delegated  to  Roy  Groves.  Of  recent  years  he  has 
developed  a  farm  at  Wheaton,  111.,  where  he  will  handle  animals 
of  too  great  age  for  his  calf  sales,  and  animals  from  other  herds 
which  he  may  distribute.  MR.  HARDING  is  still  relatively  a  young 
man,  being  born  in  1871,  and  his  story  is  not  yet  finished. 


278  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  LEADER  OF  MODERN  SHORTHORN  PROGRESS 

109.  There  is  an  old  breeder's  adage  to  the  effect  that  having 
found  a  successful  sire,  one  should  start  immediately  to  look  for 
a  new  one,  on  the  theory  that  when  the  good  animal  is  gone  it  will 
be  too  late  to  find  his  successor.  Few  students  of  bloodlines  have 
realized  how  pertinently  this  applies  to  tribes  and  families,  as 
well  as  to  individuals.  The  man  in  American  agriculture  whose 
foresight  permitted  him  to  divine  this  truth  was  COLONEL  WIL- 
LIAM A.  HARRIS,  the  founder  of  Linwood,  and  the  custodian  of 
the  lamp  that  lighted  the  Shorthorn  supporters  to  new  achieve- 
ments following  the  days  of  the  Duchess  reaction.  There  is  no 
question  but  what  America's  greatest  nursery  for  all  classes  of 
purebred  livestock  was  Woodburn  Farm  (82)  and  there  is  scarcely 
less  certainty  that  its  most  worthy  and  specialized  rival  was  found 
by  the  banks  of  the  Kaw  river,  on  the  southern  slopes  of  Linwood 
in  eastern  Kansas. 

COL.  HARRIS'  life  was  almost  an  epic.  Born  at  Luray,  Va., 
the  son  of  a  former  congressman  and  Minister  to  Brazil,  COL. 
HARRIS  received  his  first  training  at  the  historic  Virginia  Military 
Institute.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  he  was  peacefully 
pursuing  his  studies  under  the  guidance  of  the  professor  whose 
name  comes  down  to  us  as  "STONEWALL"  JACKSON.  COL.  HARRIS' 
father  was  of  that  coterie  of  thinking  men  who  opposed  the  policy 
of  secession,  but  when  the  will  of  the  majority  cast  the  lot  of  the 
cavaliers'  domain  with  the  South,  the  younger  HARRIS  responded 
to  the  call.  His  progress  in  the  military  service  was  rapid  and 
at  Gettysburg  he  was  Chief  Ordnance  Officer  of  one  of  the  divi- 
sions in  Longstreet's  corps.  Later  campaigns  against  the  Con- 
federacy completely  wrecked  the  HARRIS  fortune,  and  the  recon- 
structive period  saw  him  engaged  in  locating  the  Kansas  Pacific 
railroad  from  Kansas  City  to  Denver.  Although  engineer  by 
training,  his  insight  and  instincts  were  agricultural,  and  he  made 
mental  note  of  the  excellent  grazing  location  some  twenty-five 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  279 

miles  west  of  Kansas  City  that  afterward  became  Linwood.  COL. 
HARRIS  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  disposal  of  Government  lands, 
granted  to  the  railroad  as  a  subsidy  for  its  building  operations, 
and  later  was  given  control  of  the  campaign  for  settling  the  short 
grass  lands  of  Western  Kansas.  A  season  or  two  of  crop  failures 
convinced  him  of  the  almost  criminal  nature  of  the  procedure  and 
he  abandoned  the  position.  So  successful  was  his  work  of  this 
nature,  that  he  was  authorized  to  close  out  the  Delaware  Indian 
Reservation.  His  heart,  however,  was  centered  in  cattle,  and  his 
energy,  in  preparing  Linwood  for  his  permanent  home.  In  the 
early  80's  he  divorced  completely  his  other  operations  and  settled 
comfortably  into  the  production  of  Shorthorns. 

Of  a  constructive  yet  inquisitive  mind  COL.  HARRIS  felt  that 
Shorthorn  futures  lay  elsewhere  than  in  the  old  BATES  founda- 
tion, and,  from  a  chance  perusal  of  a  Sittyton  (89)  catalog,  he 
gleaned  the  idea  that  ultimately  placed  him  foremost  in  the  ran  s 
of  Shorthorn  achievement.  Through  the  intermediary  operations 
of  J.  H.  KISSINGER  of  Missouri  and  JAMES  I.  DAVIDSON  (117), 
COL.  HARRIS  obtained  a  young  bull  of  the  CRUICKSHANK  blood, 
Baron  Victor,  at  $1,100.  In  company  with  him  came  three  thick 
Scotch  heifers,  Violet's  Bud,  Victoria  63rd  and  Victoria  69th. 
Baron  Victor  developed  into  a  bull  of  magnificent  conformation, 
burly  and  curly  before  the  horn,  massive  in  neck  and  chine,  and 
prodigious  in  spread  of  rib  and  depth  of  heart.  His  loin,  quarter 
and  flanks  were  heavy  and  his  short  leg  set  him  squarely  to  the 
ground.  Mated  to  the  Marys,  Josephines,  Roses  of  Sharon  and 
other  Kentucky  sorts,  he  realized  instantaneously  the  ideal  of 
quick  maturing  beef.  His  early  progeny  at  Kansas  City  sales 
could  scarcely  be  led  fast  enough  into  the  ring  to  meet  the 
breeders'  demands.  So  successful  was  the  Aberdeenshire  blood 
that  several  importations  were  made  by  him  direct  from  the 
Sittyton  herd,  and  only  the  peerless  Duthie  held  precedence  over 
COL.  HARRIS  in  MR.  CRUICKSHANK'S  esteem. 


280  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

The  showyard  was  never  a  factor  in  Linwood's  success.  COL. 
HARRIS'  prowess  was  recognized  almost  before  he  had  opportunity 
to  advertise,  and  the  competition  for  his  products  was  keen  from 
the  outset.  So  important  was  his  service  and  so  well  known  his 
attainments,  that  in  1892  while  selecting  an  importation  in  Britain, 
a  political  convention  at  Wichita  unanimously  nominated  him  for 
congressman-at-large  for  the  state  of  Kansas.  Against  his  better 
judgment  he  responded  to  the  call,  serving  two  terms  in  the  House 
of  Representatives.  Following  this,  his  Kansas  supporters 
showed  their  appreciation  by  sending  him  to  the  Senate,  but  the 
financial  and  political  struggle  proved  too  great  for  his  later 
years.  Linwood  was  dispersed  and  the  acreage  sold  at  a  time 
of  acute  business  depression,  and  at  last  he  returned  to  his  old 
relationship  with  the  stockmen  of  the  nation. 

During  his  declining  years  he  wielded  the  gavel  at  many  a 
sale,  judged  in  the  hottest  contests  of  the  ring,  and  assisted  in 
the  management  of  shows,  and  state  and  national  agricultural 
conclaves.  His  last  public  service  was  that  of  Managing  Director 
of  the  International  Livestock  Exposition,  and  his  last  public 
address  to  the  Shorthorn  Breeders  of  America  at  their  meeting 
of  1909.  Within  the  walls  of  the  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB, 
his  was  the  patriarchal  voice  that  all  heeded,  and  his  were  the 
lips  that  counselled  beginner  and  veteran  alike  in  the  steps  of 
Shorthorn  progress.  His  death  in  1910  left  a  vacancy  in  the 
evening  gatherings  after  show  or  sale  that  has  never  been  filled. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  281 

AN  EXPERT  IN  CATTLE  VALUES 

110.  JAMES  BROWN,  superintendent  of  the  cattle  buying  for 
ARMOUR  AND  COMPANY,  was  born  on  a  farm  near  Springfield,  111. 
His  chief  interest  lay  always  in  livestock  and  the  soil,  and  from 
his  earliest  days  he  has  held  more  or  less  extensive  farming  inter- 
ests. Educational  opportunities  in  his  family  were  meagre,  due 
to  the  death  of  his  father  when  he  was  ten  years  of  age.  How- 
ever, he  attended  the  rural  school  annually  from  December  1 
to  March  1,  until  he  was  sixteen  years  old,  when  it  became 
necessary  for  him  to  participate  continuously  with  his  brothers 
in  the  operation  of  the  farm.  Upon  reaching  his  majority  he 
decided  to  extend  his  interests,  and  while  retaining  his  partner- 
ship in  the  farm,  he  entered  upon  the  management  of  an  elevator 
near  Springfield  and  also  established  a  tile  factory.  This  was 
the  first  tile  factory  to  be  operated  in  Illinois  outside  of  the 
Whitehall  district,  but  in  spite  of  the  necessity  of  shipping  some 
clays  he  managed  to  make  it  a  success.  After  three  or  four 
years  he  went  west  and,  in  the  spring  of  1880  located  at  Buffalo, 
Wyo.,  near  old  Fort  McKinney.  He  obtained  some  ranching 
property  and  sold  his  interest  in  the  Illinois  farm  to  extend  his 
ranch  holdings.  During  this  period  he  lived  in  Springfield 
during  the  winter  and  went  west  for  his  cattle  business  in  the 
summer. 

In  1889  he  came  to  Chicago,  where  he  first  entered  into  part- 
nership in  the  commission  firm  of  WARD  &  BROWN  as  a  cattle 
salesman.  During  the  five  years  he  was  a  member  of  this  firm 
his  work  proved  of  such  a  nature  that  MR.  J.  OGDEN  ARMOUR 
(69)  secured  him  for  the  cattle  buying  department  of  ARMOUR 
AND  COMPANY,  which  position  he  has  now  held  for  over  a  quarter 
of  a  century.  He  is  head  of  this  department  for  all  the  markets 
on  which  ARMOUR  AND  COMPANY  operate,  being  in  charge  of  their 
cattle  buying  throughout  the  United  States. 


282  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

In  1908  he  made  the  initial  purchase  of  Shorthorns  for  his 
farms  near  Dundee  and  Elgin,  111.  His  herd  in  recent  years 
has  averaged  about  seventy-five  head  of  cattle  and  was  headed 
by  the  bull  King's  Secret,  by  King  Cumberland,  bred  by  the 
Elmendorf  farm  (68).  This  bull  was  followed  by  Bandmaster, 
Jr.,  of  Canadian  breeding,  an  animal  that  has  proved  peculiarly 
satisfactory.  In  June,  1919,  he  sold  his  herd  down  to  very  lim- 
ited numbers  and  is  now  rebuilding  it  with  animals  possessing 
the  very  best  pedigrees  he  can  secure.  In  addition  to  his 
Shorthorns  he  has  bred  some  Shropshires,  and  has  raised  and 
fed  large  numbers  of  lambs  for  market.  His  chief  purpose  in 
operating  Thaxton  Farms  has  been  to  bring  the  soil  up  to  a 
very  high  state  of  cultivation,  and  he  has  been  very  successful 
in  this  regard. 

MR.  BROWN  has  been  a  director  of  the  International  from  the 
earliest  years,  and  has  particularly  devoted  his  attention  to  the 
carload  lots  and  the  upbuilding  of  the  cattle  show.  His 
acquaintance  among  the  cattlemen  of  America  is  rivalled  by 
few,  and  his  career  furnishes  a  challenge  to  every  young  man 
who  must  overcome  apparently  insurmountable  obstacles. 


OF   THE   SADDLE   AND   SIRLOIN    CLUB  283 

AMERICA'S  MOST  CONSTRUCTIVE  SWINE  BREEDER 

111.  The  tale  of  Berkshire  improvement  in  America  is  only 
complete  when  one  considers  Berkshire  types  in  seasons  before 
the  a4vent  of  Wood  Dale  Farm  in  breeding  and  showrings,  and 
the  stamp  that  prevailed  thereafter.  "The  Master  Breeder, 
who  has  led  the  Berkshire  breed  up  from  the  depths  into  a 
position  of  commanding  eminence,"  is  NICHOLAS  H.  GENTRY. 
In  early  years  the  Berkshire  was  a  short,  compact  fine-boned 
pig,  whose  prick  ears  and  short  face  were  deemed  non-concomi- 
tant with  the  deep  side,  long  body  and  finished  scale  that 
market  bacon  and  lard  ideals  demanded.  So  thoroughly  had 
this  notion  been  inculcated  into  the  American  swine  producers, 
that  the  grass  nurtured  hog  of  the  Miami  valley  and  the  mas- 
sive framed  descendant  of  the  Jersey  Red  gradually  over- 
whelmed the  qualitied  progeny  of  English  pork  triumphs.  To 
"NiCK"  GENTRY  more  than  to  any  other  man,  is  due  the  credit 
for  the  re-establishment  of  the  breed's  prestige  and  the  promo- 
tion of  its  distribution. 

N.  H.  GENTRY  was  born  on  Wood  Dale  Farm,  March  16th, 
1850.  His  grandfather,  REUBEN  GENTRY,  had  entered  the  land 
from  the  Government  direct,  and  had  settled  on  it  in  1819,  just 
one  century  ago.  Not  an  acre  of  it  has  ever  been  transferred 
from  the  family  and  the  title  reads  only  in  the  GENTRY  name. 
The  pioneer  GENTRY  emigrated  from  Madison  Co.,  Kentucky,  to 
Missouri  in  1809,  fast  on  the  heels  of  DANIEL  BOONE.  Both 
REUBEN  GENTRY  and  son  lived  the  fullness  of  their  years  on 
Wood  Dale  Farm,  but  it  was  not  until  1875  when  N.  H.  GENTRY 
paid  the  SNELLS  of  Edmonton,  Ontario,  $1,800  for  three  imported 
Berkshires  that  the  standard  of  purebred  livestock  was  placed 
at  the  head  of  the  farm  policy. 

From  the  blood  of  these  three  individuals  came  the  entire 
herds  of  later  years.  MR.  GENTRY'S  system  of  linebreeding  and 
inbreeding  his  Longfellows,  Lees  and  Duchesses  so  patently 


284  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

demonstrated  the  value  of  pedigree  matings,  that  a  record  of 
his  showyard  successes  at  America's  two  greatest  livestock  con- 
claves, the  Columbian  and  Louisiana  Purchase  Expositions,  is 
here  presented.  At  Chicago  Wood  Dale  Herd  won  seven  firsts, 
seven  seconds,  two  thirds,  five  fourths,  two  fifths,  two  sevenths, 
one  eighth,  one  tenth,  one  eleventh  and  three  championships, 
while  animals  of  this  breeding  won  an  additional  four  firsts, 
six  seconds,  seven  thirds,  four  fourths,  three  fifths,  one  sixth, 
one  seventh,  two  eighths,  one  tenth,  one  eleventh  and  one 
twelfth.  MR.  GENTRY'S  King  Lee  was  champion  boar  bred  by 
exhibitor  and  his  Baron  Duke,  reserve.  Duchess  123d,  daughter 
of  his  famous  Longfellow,  won  a  similar  prize  in  the  sows, 
with  Duchess  118th  reserve.  At  the  St.  Louis  Fair  sixteen  firsts, 
seven  seconds,  four  thirds,  one  fourth,  two  sevenths,  two  eighths 
and  14  champions  (including  barrows)  fell  to  his  lot.  Such 
a  triumph  had  never  befallen  any  other  swine  exhibitor  on  this 
continent. 

MR.  GENTRY  has  bred  Shorthorn  cattle  simultaneously  with 
his  Berkshires,  maintaining  an  average  herd  of  100  head.  His 
success  with  early  sires  lay  in  the  great  "Linwood"  breeding 
bull,  Victorious,  followed  by  the  Choice  Goods  bull,  The  Choice 
of  All,  first  at  the  American  Royal  of  1904. 

MR.  GENTRY'S  public  services  and  offices  have  been  numerous. 
He  was  one  of  a  committee  of  eighteen  to  represent  the  live- 
stock industry  of  America  at  the  Chicago  World's  Fair  of  1893. 
For  years  previous  to  the  Association  of  State  Fair  Managers, 
there  existed  an  organization  of  livestock  exhibitors  which  met 
annually  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair,  then  the  close  of  the  state 
fair  circuit.  MR.  GENTRY  was  president  of  this  Association  for 
some  years,  with  G.  HOWARD  DAVISON,  (8)  secretary,  and  the 
organization  went  out  of  existence,  only  when  the  State  Fair 
Managers'  Association  was  born.  MR.  GENTRY  has  been  a 
member  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  of  Missouri  for  over 


N.  H.   GENTRY 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  285 

twenty  years  and  a  member  of  the  State  Fair  Board  from  its 
incipiency.  He  has  been  a  director  of  the  American  Shorthorn 
Breeders'  Association  and  the  American  Berkshire  Association, 
and  was  president  of  the  latter  organization  from  1896  to  1902. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  commission  responsible  for  the  Mis- 
souri display  at  the  Columbian  Exposition,  and  secured  an 
appropriation  of  $20,000  for  special  premiums  for  Missouri 
livestock  at  this  show.  A  similar  position  at  the  St.  Louis  Fair 
enabled  him  to  obtain  a  $100,000  appropriation  for  Missouri 
exhibits.  During  the  recent  war  he  was  on  the  committee  of 
seven  chosen  by  Food  Administrator  Hoover  to  determine  the 
equitable  ratio  between  corn  and  hogs  for  the  period  of  the 
war,  the  much-talked-of  13  to  1  ratio.  He  was  also  a  member 
of  the  National  Agricultural  Advisory  Committee  during  the 
same  period. 

MR.  GENTRY'S  portrait  was  donated  to  the  SADDLE  AND  SIR- 
LOIN CLUB  by  the  members  of  the  American  Berkshire  Associa- 
tion, and  the  letters  from  the  hundred  and  forty-seven  contrib- 
utors who  expressed  their  appreciation  of  MR.  GENTRY'S  serv- 
ices were  bound  in  a  single  volume  and  presented  to  him  by  the 
CLUB.  There  have  been  many  masters  of  swine  husbandry  in 
America  during  the  century  and  a  half  since  constructive  atten- 
tion has  been  given  to  the  forming  of  improved  breeds,  but  MR. 
GENTRY,  by  the  national  nature  of  his  service  and  the  individual 
independence  of  his  methods,  towers  the  dominant  figure  among 
them. 


286  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  BATTLER  FOR  BETTER  CATTLE 

112.  S.  F.  LOCKRIDGE  shares  with  B.  F.  VAN  METER  (98) 
the  honor  of  linking  the  generations  of  the  BOOTH  and  BATES 
days  of  Shorthorn  breeding  with  the  present.  "SiM"  LOCKRIDGE 
was  born  in  Putnam  Co.,  Indiana,  January  23,  1846,  not  far 
from  the  town  of  Greencastle  where  he  at  present  resides.  His 
education  was  received  in  the  village  school,  but  his  earliest 
surroundings  associated  him  with  Shorthorns.  In  1853  DR. 
A.  C.  STEVENSON  made  an  importation  of  the  breed  from  Eng- 
land, bringing  them  to  Greencastle.  Young  LOCKRIDGE  became 
vitally  interested  in  these  animals,  but  his  parents  overruled 
any  desires  he  had  for  a  close  association  with  them  by  requir- 
ing a  strict  attendance  at  the  public  school. 

The  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  called  him  to  army  service, 
and  he  served  in  the  78th  and  133rd  regiments  of  Indiana  vol- 
unteer infantry.  In  1868  he  graduated  from  Indiana  Asbury 
University  (now  DePauw),  and  traveled  and  read  law  for  three 
years.  In  1872  he  began  breeding  Shorthorn  cattle,  and  for 
the  following  two  years  was  president  of  the  Putnam  County 
Agricultural  Society.  He  laid  his  Shorthorn  foundations 
slowly,  visiting  many  of  the  fairs  of  the  early  70's  to  study 
both  the  Kentucky  and  Central  West  types  before  reaching  his 
decision.  His  first  Shorthorns  were  bought  at  the  HUGHES  & 
RICHARDSON  sale  of  June,  1872,  just  across  the  road  from  head- 
quarters of  the  later-developed  Elmendorf  (68)  estate.  He 
picked  a  half  dozen  females  of  excellent  individuality,  but  of 
rather  plain  breeding,  for  which  he  paid  an  average  price  of 
well  above  $600.  The  sale  of  Breastplate  to  MR.  PICKRELL  in 
1863  for  $6,250  caused  MR.  LOCKRIDGE  to  lean  rather  strongly 
toward  the  Booth  cattle.  He  was  unable  to  perceive  why  the 
Booths  with  wonderful  backs,  broad  crops,  thick  flesh  and 
straight  lines,  were  to  be  condemned  for  their  supposed  failure 
in  lineage.  In  1874  he  proceeded  to  Canada  to  attend  several 


OF   THE    SADDLE   AND   SIRLOIN    CLUB  287 

sales  in  the  vicinity  of  Toronto.  There  he  saw  some  of  the  very 
best  of  the  early  Scotch  importations,  and  after  a  careful  study 
of  a  number  of  sires  secured  from  MR.  JOHN  MILLER,  (114) 
the  great  bull  Lord  Strathallan,  for  $2,050  gold,  then  the  equiva- 
lent of  $2,500  currency.  This  was  his  introduction  to  the  Scotch 
sorts,  and  while  he  was  not  arbitrary  in  his  promotion  of  them, 
he  ever  after  combined  Scotch  bloods  with  his  Booth  founda- 
tions. His  most  noted  bull  following  Lord  Strathallan  was 
Baron  Lavender  3d,  which  he  purchased  in  the  spring  of  1899. 
This  bull  proved  an  excellent  sire  for  him  and  he  never 
obtained  from  his  service  a  bad  or  indifferent  calf.  Most  nota- 
ble of  these  was  Lavender  Viscount,  champion  of  the  American 
Royal,  Goldfinch,  Royal  Avalanche,  Golden  Crest  and  Sun- 
flower 4th. 

In  1874  MR.  LOCKRIDGE  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Ameri- 
can Association  of  Breeders  of  Shorthorns,  which  position  he 
held  until  1882.  From  1881  to  1883  he  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  of  Indiana,  and  later  became  so  strongly  identified 
with  Grand  Army  affairs  as  to  be  elected  Commander  of  the 
Greencastle  Post,  and  aide-de-camp  on  the  staff  of  GENERAL  ELI 
TORRENCE,  when  the  latter  was  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  In  1882  he  was  prominent 
among  the  founders  of  the  American  Shorthorn  Breeders'  Asso- 
ciation, being  elected  a  director,  a  position  he  retained  for 
twenty-seven  years.  In  1899  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Farmers' 
National  Congress  in  Boston,  and  in  1900-01  was  president  of 
the  Central  Shorthorn  Breeders'  Association.  The  following 
year  he  was  elected  president  of  the  American  Shorthorn  Breed- 
ers' Association,  to  which  he  was  subsequently  twice  re-elected. 


288  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

MR.  LOCKRIDGE  has  been  an  ardent  champion  of  the  red, 
white  and  roan  and  has  served  its  interests  well  since  he  has 
always  paid  highest  attention  to  individuality,  and  has  made 
pedigree  fashion  more  or  less  subsidiary  to  his  other  demands. 
He  has  exerted  a  great  stabilizing  influence  among  his  fellow 
breeders  and  has  called  forth  numerous  expressions  of  their 
esteem.  In  length  of  service  he  stands  second  only  to  MR.  VAN 
METER,  and  his  years  add  richly  to  his  personality  and  mem- 
ories. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB  289 

KNIGHT  OF  THE  GOLDEN  DAYS 

113.  Most  delightfully  reminiscent  of  all  the  makers  of 
bovine  history  who  were  wont  to  gather  at  the  old  Drake-Parker 
hostelry  in  the  days  of  the  Lake  Front  Show,  was  RICHARD  GIB- 
SON, whom  MR.  SANDERS  has  fitly  termed  a  "Knight  of  the 
Golden  Days."  MR.  GIBSON  possessed  the  essence  of  all  those 
qualities  that  have  made  the  Anglo-Saxon  foremost  as  breed 
builders  and  inherent  animal  fanciers.  He  had  an  exceptional 
appreciation  of  the  products  of  the  breeder's  art,  and  he  loved 
with  every  fibre  of  his  being,  any  choice  representative  of 
blooded  race.  "Like  'JoRROCKs'  of  old  he  was  a  devout  believer 
in  the  efficacy  of  'a  bit  o'  blood'  whether  it  be  in  a  'orse,  a  'ound, 
or  a  woman.' "  He  was  an  ardent  admirer  of  rural  English 
sport,  the  course,  the  chase,  the  coach  and  the  cock-pit.  He 
teemed  with  the  sentiment  that  exalts  rural  beauty,  and  treasured 
its  shades  and  odors.  Shortly  after  coming  to  America  he 
requested  and  received  acorns  from  one  of  the  royal  domains 
of  Britain,  and  having  successfully  grown  them  into  seedlings, 
he  presented  some  to  the  city  of  London,  Ontario,  for  plant- 
ing in  Victoria  Park  in  commemoration  of  the  coronation  of 
KING  GEORGE. 

RICHARD  GIBSON  was  born  February  20,  1840,  almost  within 
the  shadows  of  Belvoir  castle  walls.  He  was  the  eldest  of  eight 
sons  in  a  family  of  fourteen.  In  early  life  his  father  removed 
from  Leicestershire  to  Derbyshire.  He  was  educated  in  the 
grammar  schools  of  Derby  and  Lincoln,  and  received  his  first 
business  training  in  the  office  of  a  Lincoln  grain  merchant.  Fol- 
lowing this,  he  returned  to  his  father's  farm,  Swarkeston,  and 
for  four  years  worked  patiently  to  learn  the  details  of  the  fann- 
ing and  livestock  operations  upon  an  estate  of  approximately 
600  acres.  Here  he  managed  to  win  several  prizes  for  excep- 
tional work  in  plowing  and  cultivation.  When  twenty-one  he 
and  his  brother  JOHN,  (of  Lincoln  sheep  fame  in  Canada), 


290  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

crossed  over  to  Quebec,  and  went  into  service  at  GEORGE  ROB- 
SON'S  Spring  Grove  farm  north  of  London.  Here  he  rooted 
out  the  fundamentals  of  Canadian  agriculture,  and  forthwith 
took  charge  of  a  fifteen  hundred  acre  estate  on  Long  Island, 
belonging  to  a  New  York  ship  builder.  Finding  that  his  tastes 
and  activities  had  insufficient  rein,  he  undertook  the  handling 
of  the  fourteen  hundred  acre  farm  near  Utica,  New  York,  owned 
by  WALCOCK  and  CAMPBELL  of  the  New  York  Sheeting  Mills, 
cotton  manufacturers.  MR.  GIBSON  induced  the  proprietors  to 
enter  into  purebred  livestock,  and  after  a  short  experience  with 
Ayrshires  on  the  suggestion  of  MR.  CAMPBELL,  he  succeeded  in 
getting  Shorthorns  introduced. 

While  America  had  early  given  allegiance  to  the  BATES  fam- 
ilies, England  retained  predominantly  the  BOOTH  tribes.  In 
the  hope  of  popularizing  the  WARLABY  stock,  MR.  GIBSON  made 
a  visit  to  THOMAS  C.  BOOTH,  (85)  then  at  the  pinnacle  of  his 
showyard  career  with  the  Royal  champions  Commander-in-Chief 
and  Lady  Fragrant.  It  had  been  a  set  policy  of  WARLABY  never 
to  sell  females,  and  it  was  only  when  MR.  GIBSON  promised  to 
take  the  animals  out  of  Britain  that  a  price  was  quoted.  Among 
the  ten  head  selected  was  the  $5,000  show  heifer  Bride  of  the 
Vale.  Two  years  >  later  a  like  number  of  BooTH-bred  animals 
were  again  imported  by  him.  Fearing  the  inroads  of  the  WAR- 
LABY animals,  MR.  SHELDON,  owner  of  all  the  Thorndale 
Duchesses,  offered  to  sell  a  half  of  his  herd.  After  some  dis- 
cussion between  MR.  GIBSON  and  MR.  CAMPBELL,  the  division 
was  made,  the  Duchesses  costing  $5,500  apiece,  and  the  Oxfords 
$2,800.  A  year  later  the  remainder  of  the  herd  was  taken  over. 

About  this  time  it  was  discovered  that  the  only  Duchesses  of 
pure  BATES  descent  were  those  owned  at  New  York  Mills,  and 
in  1873,  Britain  and  America  matched  pounds  against  dollars 
to  secure  possession  of  this  noted  collection.  The  astounding 
total  of  $381,999  was  reached  for  109  head,  the  top  price  being 


OF   THE   SADDLE   AND   SIRLOIN    CLUB  291 

$40,600  for  the  8th  Duchess  of  Geneva.  Following  this,  MR. 
GIBSON  engaged  in  numerous  enterprises  on  his  own  account, 
and  in  1883  purchased  Belvoir  near  the  village  of  Delaware, 
Ontario.  MR.  GIBSON  was  an  ardent  lover  of  the  English  sort 
of  Shorthorn,  and  could  not  approve  of  the  less  stylish,  though 
heavier-bodied  Scottish  stamp.  For  years  he  gamely  fought  a 
losing  fight  for  BATES  and  BOOTH,  but  with  the  waning  of  their 
popularity  he  entered  into  broader  fields.  He  was  president  of 
the  Dominion  Shorthorn  Association,  and  the  Canadian  Kennel 
Club.  He  was  a  member  of  the  agricultural  commission 
appointed  by  the  Ontario  Government  in  1880,  and  held  numer- 
ous offices  in  connection  with  a  number  of  stock  breeders'  organ- 
izations both  in  the  State  and  in  Canada. 

RICHARD  GIBSON  was  a  fluent  conversationalist,  and  possessed 
an  inexhaustible  fund  of  cattle  lore.  His  sense  of  humor 
assured  him  of  an  admiring  audience,  while  his  ability  to  weave 
romance  won  him  a  permanent  place  in  the  hearts  of  those  who 
listened. 


292  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  PIONEER  FOR  THE  SCOTTISH  BLOODS 

114.  One  of  the  veteran  stockbreeders  of  Ontario  who  worked 
so  diligently  to  upbuild  the  Scottish  Shorthorn  interests  in  the 
early  days  of  Canadian  cattle  breeding  was  MR.  JOHN  MILLER 
of  "Thistle  Ha'"  farm.  MR.  MILLER  was  born  May  12,  1817, 
near  Annan,  Dumfrieshire,  in  Scotland.  On  April  12,  1835, 
he  left  Scotland  in  a  sailing  vessel  and  arrived  at  Markham, 
Ont.,  June  1,  with  a  consignment  of  Leicester  sheep  and  Berk- 
shire swine  for  his  uncle,  GEORGE  MILLER,  another  of  Ontario's 
agricultural  pioneers.  For  five  years  he  worked  steadfastly  for 
this  uncle,  but  on  the  arrival  of  his  father  and  mother  from 
Scotland  he  participated  with  them  in  clearing  what  is  now 
known  as  the  Atha  farm.  For  eight  years  he  worked  for  his 
parents,  but  in  1848  he  bought  Thistle  Ha'  so  called  from  the 
bad  state  of  its  cultivation  at  its  purchase.  This  ground  orig- 
inally contained  165  acres,  but  from  time  to  time  more  land 
was  added  until  it  included  over  a  square  mile.  Except  for 
100  acres  of  cedar  land,  this  entire  farm  was  kept  in  a  high 
state  of  cultivation. 

The  year  following  his  arrival  in  Ontario,  he  showed  a  young 
Shorthorn  bull  against  all  ages  and  breeds  in  a  class  of  eight 
at  the  Toronto  spring  show,  and  took  first  prize.  At  the  first 
provincial  show  in  London,  1854,  he  won  first  and  second  on 
two  imported  yearling  Shorthorn  heifers.  In  1857  he  showed 
four  two-year-old  heifers  and  the  bull  Redkirk.  He  was  very 
successful  in  all  Dominion  showrings,  including  the  provincial 
fair  and  also  won  in  several  of  the  northern  state  fairs  in  the 
United  States.  In  1867  he  purchased  from  J.  H.  SPEAR  the  cow 
Nellie  Ely  2d  for  $1,000,  after  she  had  won  first  at  St.  Louis 
and  several  other  places.  She  was  the  first  bovine  to  be  intro- 
duced to  Canada  at  such  a  price  and  became  the  foundation  of 
that  branch  of  the  Nelly  Bly  family  that  was  for  so  many  years 
popular  in  the  provinces.  About  this  same  time  he  purchased 


OF  THE   SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  293 

the  Prince  of  Bourbon,  6060,  from  R.  A.  ALEXANDER,  (82)  and 
followed  him  with  Oxford  Mazurka,  8750,  which  he  showed 
continuously  for  five  years,  only  failing  twice  to  take  first 
money.  In  later  shows  Oxford  Mazurka  defeated  the  bulls  that 
beat  him  on  these  two  occasions,  but  owing  to  an  injury  he  had 
ultimately  to  be  killed.  He  dressed  a  carcass  of  1870  pounds. 

In  1869  he  and  his  brother  WILLIAM,  (116)  imported  the 
renowned  show  cow  Ruberta  which  was  sold  to  HON.  M.  H. 
COCHRANE  for  $1,000,  and  later  transferred  to  COL.  W.  S.  KING 
of  Minneapolis  for  $2,000,  where  she  enjoyed  an  exceptionally 
successful  show  career.  In  1870  he  imported  a  number  of  very 
good  Scotch  cows  including  the  Highland  champion,  Rose  of 
Strathallan.  She  reared  ten  calves  for  MR.  MILLER  and  was 
the  dam  or  grand-dam  of  an  enormous  number  of  prize  winners. 
Her  son,  Lord  Strathallan,  was  shown  all  over  Canada  and,  was 
very  successful,  winning  first  eleven  times  at  leading  American 
shows.  In  1878  three  bulls  descended  from  this  dam,  won 
first,  second  and  third  places  at  Toronto,  and  the  following 
year  one  of  them  gained  the  sweepstakes  at  the  same  place.  In 
1881  her  son,  Crown  Prince  of  Strathallan,  defeated  MESSRS. 
WATTS'  celebrated  Barmpton  Hero,  the  only  time  he  was  ever 
beaten  in  the  showring.  Another  cow  of  the  same  importation 
was  Isabella,  foundress  of  the  favorably  known  Canadian  family. 
She  was  never  defeated  in  the  showring  except  by  her  stable 
companion,  Nelly  Ely  2d.  MR.  MILLER'S  show  herds  of  the  late 
80's  and  early  90's  were  headed  by  the  great  show  bull  Vice 
Consul,  a  bull  that  was  never  defeated  in  class. 

In  1854  MR.  MILLER  imported  his  first  Clydesdale,  Rob  Roy, 
and  six  years  later  brought  over  the  famous  Black  Douglas. 
His  best  known  mare  at  this  time  was  the  Canadian-bred  Maggie, 
that  had  won  twenty-two  first  prizes.  She  girthed  eight  feet 
and  one  inch.  To  the  service  of  Black  Douglas  she  produced 
the  sweepstakes  winner  at  the  provincial  show  of  1863,  winning 


294  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

over  a  number  of  imported  horses.  In  1865  he  imported  the 
far  famed  Comet  174,  a  horse  that  had  traveled  in  Scotland 
one  season,  but  that  remained  in  service  in  Ontario  for  upwards 
of  twenty  years.  Many  of  his  colts  were  prize  winners,  and 
with  the  exception  of  Netherby  126,  there  was  never  a  horse 
in  Ontario  that  sired  so  many  good  colts.  In  1875  he  showed 
four  imported  mares  at  five  different  shows,  and  won  first  prize 
on  each  occasion.  In  1882  he  imported  a  horse  and  three  mares, 
winning  with  them  both  at  the  Provincial  and  at  Toronto.  In 
1883  he  imported  thirteen  animals  and  in  1884  nine,  several 
prize  winners  being  included  in  each  lot.  For  the  next  four 
years  he  made  extensive  Scotch  purchases  but  in  1887  and  '88 
his  sales  were  so  large  he  was  unable  to  show.  In  1885  he  won 
first  with  a  Canadian-bred  yearling  by  Boydston  Boy,  that 
defeated  the  first  prize  winners  at  the  English  Royal,  the  Royal 
Northern,  and  the  Glasgow  Summer  show  that  year.  He  sold 
this  horse  for  $2,500,  the  highest  price  ever  received  for  a 
Canadian-bred  drafter  up  to  that  time. 

During  his  first  ten  years  he  imported  and  bred  Leicester 
sheep  and  for  the  next  fifteen,  maintained  a  flock  of  Cotswolds 
as  well,  but  from  1860  to  1880  he  bred  Cotswolds  only,  with 
the  exception  of  a  few  Shropshires  handled  between  1863  and 
1867.  From  1880  onward,  however,  extensive  importations  of 
Shropshires  were  made  and  the  foundations  of  many  successful 
flocks  both  in  showyards  and  breeding  pens  were  laid  in  Thistle 
Ha'  purchases.  In  1887  his  Shropshires  won  the  silver  medal 
at  Toronto  for  the  best  middle  or  fine  wool  flock,  and  in  1888 
they  won  the  flock  prizes  both  at  the  Provincial  and  at  Toronto. 
In  1889  he  sold  from  the  farm  eighty-five  Cotswolds  and  425 
Shropshires,  his  stud  rams  being  the  imported  ram  Director 
and  the  undefeated  English  and  Canadian  champion  lamb, 
Spearman.  For  a  number  of  years  MR.  MILLER  paid  consid- 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  295 

erable  attention  to  Berkshires,  but  after  1880  made  no  attempt 
to  keep  up  the  pedigrees.     He  died  August  29,  1904. 

JOHN  MILLER'S  integrity  and  good  judgment  made  him  a 
servant  of  highest  value  to  the  stock  raising  public.  His 
influence  on  both  Canadian  and  American  flocks  and  herds  was 
second  to  none  and  the  number  of  breeders  who  traced  their 
success  to  his  foundations  became  greater  with  each  year  of  his 
operations. 


296  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

FOUNDER  OF  ANOKA  HERDS  AND  FLOCKS 

115.  The  word  Anoka  in  the  language  of  the  Wisconsin 
Indians  means  "wind-favored  spot."  It  was  chosen  by  GEORGE 
HARDING  as  the  name  of  his  Wisconsin  farm  more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  century  ago,  at  a  time  when  his  success  in  the  Shorthorn 
world,  demanded  a  dignified  title  for  the  produce  he  was  annually 
vending  to  an  eager  and  constructive  trade. 

MR.  HARDING  was  born  in  Pittsfield,  New  York,  in  1840,  a 
few  months  after  the  arrival  of  his  parents  from  Winchester, 
England.  His  boyhood  days  were  spent  in  Ohio,  in  the  vicinity 
of  Painesville,  where  his  father  and  GENERAL  CASEMENT,  finan- 
cier and  pioneer  railway  promoter  of  Kansas  and  Colorado, 
grew  in  business  together.  In  1880,  MR.  HARDING  migrated  to 
Wisconsin,  where  he  engaged  in  a  hardware  mercantile  business 
in  both  Waukesha  and  Chippewa  Falls.  After  nine  years  of 
pursuit  of  this  industry,  MR.  HARDING  purchased  160  acres  near 
Waukesha,  which  ultimately  became  known  as  Home  Farm 
among  the  Anoka  Farm  holdings. 

In  1870  he  decided  to  embark  in  the  breeding  of  Cotswold 
sheep  and  Shorthorn  cattle.  The  Cotswolds  were  secured  from 
the  flock  of  ABNER  STRAWN,  Ottawa,  111.,  and  became  a  chief 
source  of  supply  of  sheep  of  this  breed  in  later  years.  In  1885 
MR.  HARDING  advanced  the  money  necessary  to  put  the  American 
Cotswold  Association  on  its  feet,  taking  pay  in  the  stock  of  the 
Association.  His  son  was  elected  secretary  and  a  turning  point 
in  the  society's  finances  occurred.  The  registration  became  self- 
supporting  and  funds  became  available  for  use  as  prizes  at  the 
leading  fairs  and  expositions.  Shropshires  were  added  to  Anoka 
about  1900,  and  Hampshires  have  been  handled  at  intervals 
since. 

The  first  Shorthorns  were  secured  from  C.  C.  PARK,  Glen  Flora 
Farm,  Waukegan;  a  bull  named  Baron  Bertram  and  two  heifers, 
whose  total  cost  was  $1,200.  From  the  bluegrass  breeders  he 


GEORGE  HARDING 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  297 

secured  the  majority  of  his  early  Anoka  stock,  but  he  obtained 
some  in  the  Genesee  Valley  in  New  York,  and  a  particularly 
good  lot  of  Young  Marys  and  Roses  of  Sharon  from  W.  A.  SAT- 
TERWHITE  of  Illinois.  His  first  Scotch  Shorthorn  was  the  bull 
Strathearn,  secured  from  JOHN  MILLER,  (114)  Brougham,  Ont. 

He  entered  the  showring  about  1875,  and  remained  in  it 
annually  for  a  period  of  twenty-eight  years  when  he  turned  his 
responsibilities  over  to  his  son,  FRANK  W.  HARDING  (108).  In 
the  contests  of  the  early  80's  he  occupied  a  conspicuous  position 
in  the  leading  western  shows,  Strathearn  being  a  good  forerunner 
of  Cupbearer  and  Young  Abbotsburn.  Scotch  females  were 
secured  by  direct  purchase  abroad  or  from  the  stocks  of  COL. 
HARRIS,  (109)  JOHN  MILLER  (114)  and  LUTHER  ADAMS. 
His  greatest  years  in  the  showring  were  his  later  ones,  his 
achievements  of  one  year  being  the  foundation  on  which  he 
builded  better  for  the  succeeding  years.  The  grand  champion  at 
the  first  American  Royal  in  1900  was  Viscount  of  Anoka,  cham- 
pion at  most  American  shows  for  a  period,  of  two  years,  while 
Best  of  Archers  not  only  did  yeoman  service  in  the  ring,  but 
begot  the  1903  International  champion,  Ceremonious  Archer,  out 
of  his  veteran  Lady-in-Waiting. 

Toward  the  close  of  his  career,  MR.  HARDING  served  as  a  dis- 
tributor of  numerous  lots  of  cattle  of  other  than  his  own  breed- 
ing, and  in  1901,  despite  the  desperate  drouth  that  enthralled 
the  entire  Mississippi  Valley,  he  held  an  exceptionally  successful 
sale  at  the  Dexter  Park  Pavilion  in  Chicago,  making  $657  average 
on  43  head.  Throughout  the  1900  and  1901  show  season  the 
Anoka  hercl  won  first  more  times  than  any  herd  with  which  it 
competed,  except  that  of  J.  G.  ROBBINS  &  SONS.  At  the  1901 
Royal,  Anoka's  Golden  Victor  won  the  Armour  trophy  for  the 
best  bull  of  the  breed.  In  1903,  MR.  HARDING  planned  the  dis- 
persion of  his  Anoka  herd  in  order  to  effect  a  settlement  of  his 
interests  with  his  son  and  to  permit  his  retirement.  Eleven  bulls 


298  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

averaged  $489.05  and  seventy-seven  cows,  $467.75.     The  herd 
bull  Best  of  Archers  reached  the  top  at  $1,605. 

Two  large  manufacturing  plants  were  maintained  by  MR. 
HARDING  in  Waukesha,  the  Modern  Structural  Steel  Co.,  and  the 
Waukesha  Malleable  Iron  Co.  At  one  time  he  was  mayor  of 
the  city  and  gave  much  time  to  the  upbuilding  and  beautification 
of  the  community.  His  death  in  1909  closed  a  lifetime  of  pro- 
gressive service.  GEORGE  HARDING  was  a  man  of  few  words  but 
many  thoughts.  Like  most  men  of  real  power,  he  was  self  con- 
tained and  unassuming.  For  a  period  of  thirty  years  he  actively 
supported  every  constructive  movement  tending  toward  the  bet- 
tering of  Wisconsin  livestock,  and  Anoka  has  been  identified  with 
almost  every  operation  that  has  builded  toward  higher  values  and 
broader  recognition  of  the  Badger  state's  fundamental  industry. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  299 

A  HUSBANDMAN  FROM  OXFORD 

116.  Another  representative  of  the  Aberdeenshire  Miller  family 
that  played  so  important  a  role  in  the  Shorthorn  and  Clydesdale 
history  during  the  formative  days  of  Canadian  agriculture  was 
MR.  WILLIAM  MILLER,  nephew  of  GEORGE  MILLER  of  Markham, 
Ontario,  and  brother  of  MR.  JOHN  MILLER  (114).  MR.  MILLER'S 
father  was  also  named  WILLIAM  MILLER,  and  he  was  partner 
with  GEORGE  MILLER  in  some  of  the  early  enterprises  which  intro- 
duced Scotch  Shorthorns  from  the  north  of  Caledon.  WILLIAM 
MILLER,  JR.,  was  born  in  1834  near  Ecclefechan,  Dumfrieshire, 
Scotland.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Canada 
and  at  Oxford  University,  gaining  a  training  that  gave  him  a 
most  facile  expression  in  later  life.  The  rudiments  of  livestock 
were  learned  on  his  father's  farm,  near  Pickering,  Ontario,  to 
which  place  he  came  in  1839.  During  the  period  extending  from 
1854  to  1861,  numerous  importations  were  made  into  Canada 
from  the  herd  of  ROBERT  SYME  of  Redkirk,  Dumfrieshire,  by 
GEORGE  and  WILLIAM  MILLER.  With  the  first  lot  MR.  MILLER 
brought  over  that  showyard  veteran,  SIMON  BEATTIE.  The  original 
selections  in  large  part  were  made  by  WILLIAM  MILLER,  JR.,  then 
a  young  man  making  his  first  tour  of  the  old  country  herds  and 
flocks.  MR.  MILLER  selected  the  bull  Redkirk  15138,  a  fine  roan 
of  medium  size  that  was  shown  by  MR.  JOHN  MILLER,  and  later 
sold  into  New  York.  In  the  spring  of  1869,  MR.  WILLIAM  MILLER 
imported  the  grand  roan  show  heifer  Ruberta,  bred  by  the 
MESSRS.  GARNE  of  Broadmoor,  Gloucestershire.  This  heifer  was 
fed  out  for  show  by  JOHN  and  WILLIAM  MILLER  and  successfully 
exhibited  previous  to  being  sold  to  M.  H.  COCHRANE  at  Hillhurst. 

In  1881  he  undertook  the  management  of  a  farm  owned  by  a 
MR.  SIMPSON,  collector  of  customs  in  Montreal,  but  in  1884  went 
to  Hillhurst.  In  the  fall  of  1886,  MR.  LUTHER  ADAMS,  Boston, 
Mass.,  secured  a  large  farm  at  Storm  Lake,  Iowa,  and  commis- 
sioned WILLIAM  MILLER  to  stock  it,  and  to  secure  a  shipment  of 


300  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

the  best  young  cattle  obtainable  in  Scotland.  By  this  time  MR. 
MILLER  was  known  on  both  sides  of  the  water  as  a  shrewd,  keen 
witted  "all  around  judge,"  and  his  seasoned  maturity  and  broad 
acquaintance  stamped  him  as  one  of  the  makers  of  American 
Shorthorn  history.  Canadian  quarantine  regulations  had  at  this 
time  rendered  it  impossible  to  forward  more  of  the  SITTYTON 
surplus  to  MR.  DAVIDSON,  (117)  and  MR.  MILLER'S  fortunate 
arrival  at  this  time  to  secure  the  1886  shipment  permitted  MR. 
LUTHER  ADAMS'  herd  to  become  the  final  American  outlet  for 
MR.  CRUICKSHANK.  Only  one  bull  was  secured  in  this  importa- 
tion, the  red  calf  Harvester  by  Baron  Violet,  but  a  number  of 
choice  heifers  were  included,  Simplicity,  Gwendoline,  Athene, 
Golden  Feather,  Sorrel,  Golden  Crest  and  Violet  Mist.  MR. 
MILLER  made  a  strong  attempt  to  secure  the  bull  Commodore, 
a  noble  roan  by  Baron  Violet  out  of  the  famous  Custard,  dam  of 
Cumberland,  then  MR.  CRUICKSHANK'S  herd  bull.  MR.  CRUICK- 
SHANK would  not  price  him,  however,  so  MR.  MILLER  visited  the 
Collynie  and  Uppermill  herds,  securing  a  number  of  young  stock 
by  Field  Marshal  and  William  of  Orange.  The  most  notable 
bull  secured  in  this  importation  was  the  yearling  Cupbearer 
which  had  just  been  sold  by  MR.  DUTHIE  to  an  Ontario  breeder, 
and  sent  to  Liverpool  for  shipment.  On  account  of  the  Canadian 
quarantine,  he  had  to  be  returned  to  Collynie,  whereupon  MR. 
MILLER  secured  him  for  MR.  ADAMS.  During  the  previous  sum- 
mer he  had  won  first  prize  in  his  class  at  the  Royal  Northern, 
and  had  stood  reserve  champion  to  Field  Marshal.  This  bull 
really  proved  to  be  the  making  of  the  ADAMS  herd,  winning 
everywhere  in  the  seasons  of  1888  and  1889,  and  being  American 
Champion  until  defeated  by  the  magnificent  Young  Abbotsburn. 

In  1887  MR.  MILLER  brought  out  a  magnificent  herd  for  Lake- 
side headed  by  the  thick  fleshed  compactly  built  red  Strathearn, 
bred  by  JOHN  MILLER.  The  cow  and  the  two-year-old  in  this  herd 
were  the  remarkable  Miss  Ramsden's  9th  and  10th.  In  the  fall 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  301 

of  this  year  MR.  MILLER  again  visited  Scotland  and  secured  31 
heifers  and  39  bulls,  all  from  the  herds  of  CRUICKSHANK,  DUTHIE, 
MARR  and  CAMPBELL.  This  was  the  largest  importation  ever  made 
directly  from  Aberdeenshire  to  the  United  States,  and  included 
the  great  roan  Princess  Alice  and  the  famous  Craven  Knight,  both 
ultimately  in  the  herds  of  COL.  HARRIS  (109),  also  the  well 
known  Gay  Monarch  purchased  by  J.  G.  ROBBINS  &  SONS.  In 
1889,  MR.  MILLER  made  the  last  importation  for  MR.  ADAMS, 
consisting  of  12  young  bulls  and  18  heifers.  Soon  after  the 
animals  had  gone  through  quarantine,  MR.  ADAMS  -dispersed  his 
entire  stock,  Strathearn  going  to  GEORGE  HARDING  (115)  and 
Cupbearer  to  JOHN  HOPE,  of  Bow  Park.  Sixteen  yearling  heifers 
and  Craven  Knight  were  secured  by  COL.  HARRIS.  Lakeside  farm 
itself  was  sold  to  MR.  T.  H.  SHERLEY  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

In  1891  WILLIAM  MILLER  succeeded  JOHN  T.  GIBSON  in  charge 
of  the  North  Oaks  herd  of  JAMES  J.  HILL,  but  remained  only  a 
year.  On  its  dispersal  in  1893,  half  of  the  herd  went  to  MR. 
SHERLEY  of  Lakeside  farm  and  MR.  MILLER  resumed  management. 
In  1898  he  purchased  the  farm  from  MR.  SHERLEY,  stocked  it 
with  Aberdeen-Angus  and  feeding  cattle  and  spent  his  declining 
years  on  that  valuable  Iowa  property.  He  died  December  21, 
1905,  one  of  the  most  widely  known  and  most  fundamental 
contributors  to  the  Aberdeenshire  success  in  America.  He  made 
nearly  one  hundred  trips  across  the  Atlantic,  exporting  steers  as 
well  as  importing  breeding  stock.  He  handled  several  loads  of 
the  famous  Gillett  cattle  for  British  butcher  buyers.  MR.  MILLER 
was  a  writer  of  great  skill.  His  father  was  an  intimate  and 
valued  friend  of  THOMAS  CARLYLE  and  he  inherited  much  of  the 


302  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

senior  MILLER'S  pronounced  literary  genius.  On  one  occasion 
MR.  D.  T.  MITCHEL  (!K  MARVEL)  contributed  to  a  Christmas 
Breeder's  Gazette,  and  referred  to  an  article  of  MR.  MILLER'S  in 
a  previous  issue  with  this  comment,  "When  you  can  secure  such 
matter  as  MR.  MILLER'S  article  of  last  year,  from  within  the  ranks 
of  your  own  constituency,  I  do  not  see  why  you  need  call  pro- 
fessional literary  men  to  your  aid." 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  303 

AN  IDEAL  SCOT 

117.  The  death  of  JAMES  IRONSIDE  DAVIDSON  on  February  15, 
1902,  at  his  beautiful  home  near  Balsam,  Ontario,  removed,  from 
the  roll  of  Canadian  purebred  stockbreeders  one  of  its  most  prom- 
inent, successful  and  interesting  figures.  MR.  DAVIDSON  was  a 
man  of  sterling  character  and  unsullied  honor,  of  splendid  phy- 
sique and  kindly  disposition;  his  genial  manner  numbering  on 
his  list  of  friends  a  host  of  lovers  of  good  livestock  in  Canada, 
the  United  States  and  Scotland.  MR.  DAVIDSON'S  specialties  in 
stockbreeding  were  Clydesdale  horses  and  Shorthorn  cattle,  he 
was  a  safe  and  sound  judge  of  both  classes,  a  successful  importer 
and  breeder,  and  a  liberal  and  judicious  feeder.  He  enjoyed  the 
personal  friendship  and  confidence  of  AMOS  CRUICKSHANK  (89) 
and  for  some  years  was  the  principal  importer  and  distributor  of 
the  Sittyton  cattle  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 

MR.  DAVIDSON  was  born  in  Aberdeenshire,  Scotland,  in  1818 
and  emigrated  to  Canada  in  1842.  His  first  agricultural  invest- 
ment was  in  his  farm  where  he  built  himself  a  good  log  house, 
and  prepared  a  stable  for  a  $165  team  of  horses,  six  cattle  and 
four  sheep.  The  six  cattle  cost  him  $80.  MR.  DAVIDSON  remarked 
that  these  were  "no  very  high  prices,  but  when  I  had  the  progeny 
to  sell,  it  reminded  me  of  a  friend  of  mine  who  often  told  me 
he  was  a  good  buyer;  few  could  buy  as  quick  as  he,  but  he  never 
was  a  good  hand  at  selling."  MR.  DAVIDSON  experienced  the 
same  difficulty  in  this  new  country.  He  had  paid  cash  for  his 
purchases,  but  in  order  to  sell  had  to  give  credit  or  take  articles 
he  did  not  want.  He  lost  no  opportunity  to  improve  his  stock 
by  the  use  of  the  best  animals  he  could  find,  and  electrified  his 
neighbors  by  selling  a  three-year-old  steer  just  off  the  grass, 
to  the  Toronto  butcher,  MR.  JOHN  CLARK,  for  the  cash  sum  of 
$50.  So  pleased  was  MR.  CLARK,  by  his  purchase  that  he  recom- 
mended MR.  DAVIDSON  to  feed  some  animals  for  Christmas  and 


304  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Easter,  advice  which  MR.  DAVIDSON  followed,  securing  $100  for 
a  steer,  and  $125  for  a  three-year-old  heifer. 

He  began  feeding  Shorthorns  about  1860,  but  it  was  not  until 
1871,  when  the  Shorthorn  world  was  topsy-turvy  on  linebred 
cattle  and  paying  fabulous  prices  for  paper  pedigrees,  that  he 
made  his  first  importation  of  the  composite  blooded  cattle  from 
Sittyton.  This  was  the  third  importation  from  this  herd  to  enter 
Canada,  but  the  first  to  make  any  permanent  impress  on  the 
stocks  of  the  day. 

In  1872  he  made  another  small  importation  from  Sittyton  and 
found  such  ready  sale  for  them  that,  in  1874,  he  brought  one  bull 
and  nineteen  females  across.  The  following  year  he  sold  his 
first  CRUICKSHANK  cattle  into  the  United  States,  DR.  NOEL  of 
Tennessee  securing  two  heifers  at  $1,800,  and  MR.  J.  H.  KISSINGER 
of  Missouri  purchasing  a  carload  which  he  exhibited  in  the  show- 
rings  in  Missouri,  Iowa  and  Illinois.  This  created  a  demand  for 
CRUICKSHANK  cattle  far  beyond  MR.  DAVIDSON'S  supply,  and 
although  he  imported  185  head  he  could  scarcely  keep  any 
females  for  his  own  use.  Many  calves  of  his  own  breeding 
realized  $500  apiece,  and  in  1880  when  there  was  but  little 
demand  for  Shorthorns  he  disposed  of  six  calves  to  the  MESSRS. 
SNIDER  for  $1,500,  which  were  resold  on  the  next  day  to  MR. 
PALMER  of  Missouri  for  $2,000.  At  MR.  PALMER'S  dispersion 
these  animals  brought  $4,560.  MR.  DAVIDSON  continued  import- 
ing for  MR.  CRUICKSHANK  until  1886  when  the  outbreak  of  pleuro- 
pneumonia  during  quarantine  at  Quebec  made  him  unwilling  to 
run  any  further  risks. 

About  this  time  MR.  CRUICKSHANK  decided  to  dispose  of  his 
herd,  and  gave  MR.  DAVIDSON  the  first  offer  for  it.  So  high  was 
the  esteem  in  which  each  held  the  other,  that  the  following  quota- 
tion from  a  letter  written  by  MR.  CRUICKSHANK  at  the  close  of 
their  mutual  transactions  stated:  "I  am  quite  satisfied  with  the 
statement,  and  taking  a  retrospective  view  of  our  transactions  for 


JAMES    I.   DAVIDSON 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  305 

so  many  years,  and  they  have  been  very  extensive,  it  seems  to  me 
almost  marvelous  that  they  have  gone  on  so  smoothly,  not  a  jar 
on  either  side;  it  is  cause  for  great  thankfulness,  and  I  don't 
want  our  correspondence  to  drop." 

MR.  DAVIDSON  began  breeding  Clydesdales  in  1886.  In  that 
year  he  imported  Darling  1st,  a  prize  winner  at  the  Highland 
Show.  She  produced  three  foals  for  MR.  DAVIDSON,  the  first  one 
being  his  famous  Darling  2d,  that  produced  progeny  which  he 
sold  for  a  sum  above  $10,000.  Darling  2d  had  nine  foals,  and 
the  lowest  price  for  any  single  one  was  for  the  yearling  filly, 
Darling  3d  which  sold  for  $1,000.  In  the  stud  of  MR.  MOFFATT, 
Darling  3d  gave  rise  to  some  thirty-five  descendants,  ten  of  which 
sold  for  over  $10,000,  and  the  other  twenty-five  served  as  MR. 
MOFFATT'S  producing  stud. 

MR.  DAVIDSON  was  a  modest  man  of  retiring  disposition  but 
there  came  a  time  when  his  political  friends  insisted  that  he  was 
the  only  man  who  could  carry  the  riding  to  their  interest.  In 
1891  he  was  elected  by  a  majority  to  the  Canadian  House  of 
Commons,  a  position  he  held  until  his  death.  His  vigorous  con- 
stitution an<J  mentality  was  maintained  until  the  last,  and  with 
the  exception  of  failing  eyesight,  he  enjoyed  almost  perfect 
health  until  within  a  week  of  the  end.  An  attack  of  pneumonia, 
however,  could  not  be  controlled,  and  he  passed  away  peacefully 
in  his  84th  year,  honored  and  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him. 
MR.  JOHN  DRYDEN  (14)  published  an  enconium  on  MR.  DAVIDSON 
in  which  he  stated  as  a  highest  form  of  compliment,  that  "MR. 
DAVIDSON  was  a  typical  Scotchman."  MR.  WILLIAM  MILLER 
(116)  wrote  MR.  OGILVIE  (6)  this  quaint  and  expressive  com- 
ment, "MR.  DAVIDSON  was  not  a  typical  Scotchman,  as  JOHN 
DRYDEN  says;  he  was  an  ideal  Scot!" 


306  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

KEEPER  OF  THE  SHORTHORN  SEALS 

118.  Since  the  beginning  of  Illinois'  agricultural  history, 
Sangamon  county  has  stood  for  the  best  in  improved  livestock, 
and  some  of  the  earliest  Shorthorn  herds  were  cradled  within  its 
environs.  Nurtured  in  this  progressive  atmosphere,  numerous  of 
her  sons  have  stepped  out  from  her  borders  to  render  the  highest 
of  services  to  purebred  livestock  breeding.  Such  a  man  was 
JOHN  W.  GROVES,  secretary  of  the  American  Shorthorn  Breeders' 
Association  from  1901  to  1912.  Born  in  1849  and  possessed  of 
a  good  common  school  education,  MR.  GROVES  early  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  rather  extensive  business  affairs  in  which 
his  father  and  brothers  were  engaged  near  Williamsville,  111. 
Nurtured  on  the  farm  his  interests  naturally  ran  to  farm  products, 
and  he  bred  and  fed  market  cattle  for  a  term  of  years  during  the 
latter  70's  and  early  80's.  An  opportunity  for  personal  advance- 
ment brought  him  to  Chicago  in  the  livestock  commission  busi- 
ness about  1885,  but  he  soon  tired  of  the  atmosphere  and  did  not 
realize  his  expectations,  due  to  the  business  depression  of  the 
period.  Hence  about  1890  he  returned  to  Williamsville  and  once 
more  participated  with  his  family  in  their  business  there.  He 
took  charge  of  one  of  the  several  farms  operated  by  GEORGE 
GROVES  &  SONS,  and  in  addition  conducted  a  flourishing  business 
as  buyer  and  shipper  of  market  stock.  In  1894  he  was  elected 
treasurer  of  his  county,  retaining  that  position  until  1898. 

The  following  year  MR.  GROVES  entered  into  his  first  relations 
with  the  Shorthorns,  when  upon  the  recommendation  of  J.  FRANK 
PRATHER,  (119)  his  associate  in  a  Williamsville  bank,  he  was 
elected  assistant  secretary  of  the  American  Shorthorn  Breeders' 
Association.  At  that  time  MR.  PICKRELL  (95)  was  beginning  to 
lose  some  of  that  sturdy  vigor  which  had  characterized  the  earlier 
years  of  his  life,  and  due  to  insufficient  help  the  work  of  the 
office  had  piled  up  to  about  a  twelve-month  arrearage.  On  MR. 
PICKRELL'S  demise  in  1901,  MR.  GROVES  was  made  his  successor 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  307 

and  immediately  set  about  bringing  the  work  up  to  date.  An 
office  force  of  five  clerks  was  increased  to  about  twenty  who 
worked  in  day  and  night  shifts,  and  when  in  1903  the  location 
of  the  office  was  changed  from  Springfield  to  Chicago  in  the  new 
Pedigree  Record  building,  the  work  of  registration  was  well  in 
hand.  He  continued  as  breed  secretary  until  his  death,  April  2, 
1912. 

MR.  GROVES  inaugurated  two  changes  in  the  record  system  of 
Shorthorns  which  in  addition  to  economizing  space  had  an  excel- 
lent influence  on  the  habit  of  pedigree  thinking  among  Shorthorn 
breeders.  The  clumsy  system  of  the  earlier  volumes  wherein 
a  cow  was  given  a  page  and  volume  number  was  replaced  by 
registration  numbers  similar  to  those  used  in  the  bulls.  Further- 
more, instead  of  printing  the  extended  pedigree  with  its  undue 
weight  on  imported  or  foundation  cows,  a  single  line  system 
was  adopted  which  gave  sire  and  dam  only,  omitting  the  previ- 
ously stressed  female  descent. 


308  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  STEADFAST  DEFENDER  OF  THE  FAITH 

119.  J.  FRANK  PRATHER,  Illinois  Shorthorn  veteran,  was  born 
January  24,  1859,  in  Pike  Co.,  Ohio.  In  his  early  years  his 
father  JOHN  PRATHER,  an  extensive  feeder  of  market  cattle,  re- 
moved to  Williamsville,  111.,  where  he  pursued  his  livestock  activi- 
ties. MR.  PRATHER  was  educated  in  the  rural  schools,  receiving 
a  partial  high  school  education  in  Williamsville.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen,  he  assumed  care  of  the  show  herd  of  his  brother,  SAMUEL 
E.  PRATHER.  The  head  of  the  herd  was  Brurer's  Booth,  and  the 
two  principal  females  were  Queen  of  Riverdale  and  Silly  Dale, 
the  latter  two  tracing  to  imported  White  Rose  by  Publicola.  In 
1877  his  father  purchased  for  him  the  farm  he  at  present  occu- 
pies, and  the  following  year  he  embarked  on  the  breeding  of 
Shorthorns. 

His  most  noted  years  with  the  Shorthorns  date  from  his  asso- 
ciation with  C.  B.  DUSTIN  in  1891.  He  was  at  that  time  anxious 
to  secure  a  bull  with  which  to  head  his  herd,  and  learning  that 
MR.  DUSTIN  was  going  to  Scotland,  made  arrangements  with  him 
to  secure  a  herd  bull  from  DUTHIE  of  Collynie.  MR.  DUSTIN'S 
herdsman  selected  for  him  two  bulls  and  eight  heifers,  but  one 
of  the  heifers  failed  to  suit,  so  MR.  DUSTIN  traded  him  for  a 
promising  bull  calf  he  discovered  in  the  pasture.  Of  the  two 
bulls  first  purchased  by  MR.  DUSTIN,  MR.  PRATHER  secured 
Duke  of  Hamilton  2d,  and  he  also  retained  a  half  interest  in  the 
calf.  This  calf  developed  rapidly,  and  attained  a  showyard 
record  equalled  by  few  bulls  of  the  breed.  He  was  named  Baron 
Cruickshank,  and  was  used  turn  about  by  MR.  PRATHER  and 
MR.  DUSTIN,  year  by  year,  until  he  was  five  years  old.  Baron 
Cruickshank  weighed  2,640  pounds  in  mature  shape,  but  was 
not  coarse  in  frame,  and  possessed  a  smoothness  and  mellowness 
of  flesh  seldom  equalled.  When  Baron  Cruickshank  reached  his 
fifth  year,  the  partners  deemed  it  inadvisable  to  ship  him  about 
so  much,  hence  MR.  DUSTIN  gave  MR.  PRATHER  the  bull  Proud 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  309 

Archer,  sent  to  MR.  DUSTIN  by  DUTHIE,  for  his  interest  in  the 
older  bull.  In  late  years  he  has  used  another  bull  of  excellent 
character  and  some  renown  as  a  sire,  the  white  Silver  Knight,  by 
Good  Knight,  by  Choice  Knight,  by  Choice  Goods. 

For  many  years  Williamsville  was  without  a  bank,  and  in  the 
early  90's,  MR.  PRATHER,  MR.  GROVES  (118),  the  elder  JONES 
and  W.  L.  PERCE  formed  the  corporation  of  J.  F.  PRATHER  & 
Co.,  to  establish  a  banking  business.  From  the  outset  MR. 
PRATHER  was  president  of  the  organization,  and  he  has  developed 
a  large  banking  institution.  For  a  number  of  years  MR.  PRATHER 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  and  acted  as 
treasurer  both  before  and  after  its  re-organization.  For  many 
years  he  was  active  in  the  American  Shorthorn  Association, 
being  a  director  for  twenty-two  seasons,  and  president  from 
December,  1908,  to  December,  1910.  Here  he  proved  a  great 
steadying  influence,  and  his  word  carried  great  weight  in  all  of 
the  breed  councils.  MR.  PRATHER  has  been  fortunate  in  securing 
title  to  large  acreage  of  farm  lands  in  Illinois,  Missouri  and 
Kansas,  and  has  established  one  of  the  most  satisfactory  tenant 
systems  in  the  corn  belt  He  is  generous  and  wise  and  has  done 
much  that  is  philanthropic  in  his  relations  to  his  fellownien. 

With  modest  humor  MR.  PRATHER  says,  "Fortune  has  smiled 
upon  me  from  the  start.  I  escaped  the  political  germ,  always 
so  prolific  in  the  dear  old  Buckeye  state,  and  never  held  a  poli- 
tical office  in  my  life.  What  positions  of  trust  or  honor  I  have 
occupied  were  due  to  the  kindness  of  my  friends  and  not  on 
account  of  any  marked  ability  on  my  part  for  the  work.  If  the 
sun  shines  upon  me  as  bright  and  my  friends  remain  as  true  for 
the  balance  of  the  time  alloted  me,  I  will  feel  well  repaid  for 
any  suffering  or  disappointments  I  have  experienced.  Yester- 
day is  gone,  the  books  are  balanced,  and  all  I  ask  of  tomorrow 
is  health,  and  the  respect  and  good  will  of  my  neighbors  and 
friends." 


310  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  MISSOURI  MENTOR  OF  THE  CATTLE  RING 

120.  Seldom  does  it  become  the  lot  of  man  to  gain  so  close  a 
personal  relationship  to  his  fellows,  to  stimulate  and  sustain  by 
sound  counsels  so  large  a  coterie  of  livestock  students,  and  to 
influence  so  many  men  to  adopt  higher  ideals  of  husbandry,  as 
befell  GEORGE  PURDY  BELLOWS,  Shorthorn  breeder,  auction  sales- 
man and  representative  of  the  agricultural  press.  Few  men 
indeed  have  had  so  broad  and  accurate  a  knowledge  of  the  vari- 
ous breeds  of  livestock,  and  fewer  still  his  judicious  understand- 
ing of  pedigrees  and  his  keen  sense  of  values  in  cattle  form  and 
quality.  The  untimeliness  of  his  death,  February  17,  1913, 
shocked  not  only  his  Shorthorn  colleagues,  but  the  entire  fra- 
ternity of  agricultural  workers  in  America. 

COL.  BELLOWS  was  born  in  the  Prairie  State,  July  19,  1862, 
under  the  shadow  of  the  present  University  of  Illinois.  At  three 
years  of  age  his  parents  removed  to  Guilford,  Mo.,  in  whose 
public  schools  he  received  his  early  education.  Following  gradu- 
ation he  put  in  two  years  at  the  University  of  Missouri.  In  1881 
he  entered  partnership  in  Shorthorn  breeding  with  his  father, 
FRANK  BELLOWS,  and  his  brothers,  under  the  firm  name  of 
BELLOWS  &  SONS.  Two  years  later  the  family  moved  to  Mary- 
ville,  Mo.,  where  Valley  Home  Farm  was  founded. 

At  this  time  COL.  BELLOWS  embarked  on  a  separate  career. 
He  taught  in  public  school  and  was  made  deputy  county  clerk 
for  Nodaway  county.  In  1888  he  repurchased  an  interest  in 
Valley  Home  Farm,  but  five  years  later  he  decided  to  assume 
additional  responsibilities  by  becoming  livestock  advertising 
solicitor  for  the  PIERCE  publications,  notably  the  Iowa  Home- 
stead and  the  Livestock  Indicator.  In  1904  he  dropped  this  work 
to  become  an  auctioneer  of  a  pedigreed  stock,  a  profession  fol- 
lowed until  his  death. 

On  the  death  of  his  father,  the  firm  name  became  BELLOWS 
BROS.,  and  COL.  BELLOWS  became  interested  in  building  up  the 


OF   THE   SADDLE   AND    SIRLOIN    CLUB  311 

herd  on  Westlawn  Farm,  an  addition  to  the  firm  property.  He 
was  fond  of  the  Choice  Goods  blood  and  introduced  much  of  it 
into  his  herd  at  the  Tebo  Lawn  dispersion.  His  efforts  proved 
extraordinarily  successful,  and  several  International  and  Royal 
champions  and  first  prize  winners  were  produced. 

COL.  BELLOWS  was  a  man  of  much  public  spirit  and  great 
kindliness  toward  his  fellowmen;  thoughtful,  lovable,  conserva- 
tive, his  justice  and  honor  made  him  one  of  the  most  trusted 
men  in  the  salesring  and  he  conducted  vendues  in  almost  every 
state  and  in  Canada.  He  was  a  popular  judge  in  the  biggest 
shows  and  a  trusted  agent  and  buyer  for  old  and  young  breeders. 
His  death  through  the  overturning  of  his  automobile,  following 
the  International  of  1912,  brought  tragedy  into  many  loyal  hearts. 
A  friend  wrote,  "If  the  breeding  of  Shorthorns  had  brought  me 
no  other  recompense  than  the  intimate  friendship  of  such  men 
as  GEORGE  P.  BELLOWS,  I  should  feel  that  much  had  been  accom- 
plished toward  the  things  that  make  life  worth  while." 


312  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

EVERYONE'S  ADVISER  ON  LIVESTOCK  ADVERTISING 

121.  Perhaps  the  most  successful  field  representative  of  the 
livestock  journals  is  GEORGE  EDGAR  MARTIN  of  The  Breeder's 
Gazette,  Chicago.  MR.  MARTIN  was  born  in  New  Richmond,  Wis., 
January  19,  1870.  With  his  parents  he  moved  to  Sac  Co.,  Iowa, 
in  1875,  and  spent  his  boyhood  on  Lakeside  farm  near  Storm 
Lake,  Iowa.  His  father  was  a  pioneer  breeder  of  Aberdeen- 
Angus,  founding  his  herd  with  purchases  from  B.  R.  PIERCE,  (59) 
EVANS  &  SON,  T.  W.  HARVEY  and  WALLACE  ESTILL.  He  devel- 
oped early  a  love  for  highclass  livestock,  and  left  the  farm  for 
college  with  a  feeling  of  regret  that  he  was  to  part  company  with 
some  of  the  veterans  of  his  father's  herd  to  which  he  had  become 
warmly  attached. 

At  eighteen  years  of  age  he  entered,  Drake  University  at  Des 
Moines,  completing  a  two  year  course,  and  two  years  later 
became  a  student  of  the  State  University  of  Iowa,  at  Iowa  City, 
where  he  finished  in  law  in  1894.  He  opened  an  office  at  Carroll, 
Iowa,  not  far  from  his  boyhood  home,  and  practiced  his  profes- 
sion for  three  years,  during  which  time  he  was  elected  to  the 
office  of  city  attorney.  Law,  however,  failed  to  appeal  to  him, 
and  when  in  1899  he  was  offered  a  position  on  the  field  force  of 
Wallace's  Farmer,  he  quickly  took  advantage  of  it.  One  year 
later  he  was  secured  by  The  Breeder's  Gazette  to  become  its 
eastern  business  representative,  a  position  he  held  until  he  was 
placed  in  charge  of  all  their  livestock  advertising,  early  in  1920. 

GEORGE  MARTIN  has  created  more  permanent  associations  with 
leading  livestock  breeders  of  America  than  any  man  in  his  chosen 
field.  From  the  start,  he  has  insisted  on  absolute  honesty  in  the 
execution  of  contracts,  and  has  proved  to  be  one  of  the  best 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  313 

business  getters  for  breeders  offering  their  surplus  at  public 
sales,  that  American  livestock  history  has  known.  He  enjoys 
to  the  fullest  the  confidence  of  both  young  and  veteran  breeders, 
has  executed  numerous  commissions  for  the  purchase  of  herd 
bulls,  boars  and  stallions,  and  has  created  high  values  for  the 
vender  of  purebred  livestock  without  resorting  to  a  fictitious 
system  of  paper  credits.  GEORGE  MARTIN'S  integrity  is  unassail- 
able, his  popularity  nationwide,  and  his  personality  a  potent 
factor  in  the  stabilizing  of  purebred  livestock  values. 


314  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

PIONEER  OF  THE  VETERINARY  PROFESSION 

122.  One  of  the  youngest  professions  auxiliary  to  the  livestock 
industry  is  that  of  veterinary  medicine.  For  centuries,  the  horse 
doctor  and  the  quack  who  gained  their  living  either  by  practical 
experience  or  through  the  credulity  of  the  earlier  husbandmen, 
have  existed  but  the  organization  of  knowledge  on  this  subject 
and  its  dignification  as  a  profession  have  been  matters  of  the 
last  third  of  a  century.  Foremost  among  the  apostles  of  this 
movement  is  DR.  JAMES  LAW  of  Cornell  University. 

DR.  LAW  was  born  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  February  12,  1838. 
He  was  educated  in  the  Edinburgh  public  schools,  and  later 
graduated  from  the  veterinary  medical  schools  located  there, 
taking  his  final  degree  from  the  University  College  of  Surgeons. 
Not  content  with  the  information  he  was  able  to  gain  here,  he 
proceeded  to  France,  and  took  further  work  in  the  Ecole  Veteri- 
naire  at  Alfort  near  Paris,  and  at  the  Ecole  Veterinaire  at  Lyons. 
In  1857  he  received  his  degree  of  V.S.  from  the  Highland  and 
Agricultural  Society,  and  was  made  a  member  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Veterinary  Surgeons  in  1863,  receiving  his  Fellowship 
in  1870.  From  1860  to  1865  he  was  professor  of  Anatomy  and 
Materia  Medica  at  the  Edinburgh  New  Veterinary  College.  The 
following  two  years  he  was  professor  at  the  Albert  Veterinary 
College  in  London,  but  in  1868  was  called  by  the  late  Hon. 
Andrew  D.  White  to  Cornell  University  at  Ithaca,  New  York, 
as  Professor  of  Veterinary  Science.  In  1896  he  was  made  Direc- 
tor and  Dean,  and  in  1908  received  the  title  of  Professor  Emeri- 
tus. During  the  years  of  his  professorship  at  Cornell  he  was 
Veterinarian  to  the  New  York  State  Agricultural  Society.  From 
1882  to  1883  he  was  chairman  of  the  United  States  Treasury 
Cattle  Commission  and  selected  the  sites  for  the  quarantine  deten- 
tion station.  In  1887-8  he  was  in  charge  of  the  field  work  of 
the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  for  the  extinction  of  the  cattle 
lung  plague  in  the  states  of  Illinois  and  New  York.  He  was 


OF   THE   SADDLE   AND   SIRLOIN    CLUB  315 

National  President  of  the  American  Veterinary  Medical  Associa- 
tion in  1906  and  1907. 

DR.  LAW  was  an  author  of  wide  repute.  He  published  a  Gen- 
eral and  Descriptive  Anatomy  of  Domestic  Animals  in  two  vol- 
umes, a  text  book  of  Veterinary  Medicine  in  five  volumes,  and 
a  Farmer's  Veterinary  Advisor.  He  was  the  producer  of  num- 
erous scientific  monographs,  and  came  into  closest  contact  with 
the  farmers  of  America  through  his  preparation  of  various  arti- 
cles in  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  publications  on  Diseases 
of  Cattle  and  Diseases  of  the  Horse. 

DR.  LAW'S  greatest  service  to  his  profession  lay  in  the  idealism 
which  he  injected  into  its  development  and  his  uncompromising 
stand  for  thoroughness  and  honesty  in  the  necessary  cleanups 
of  livestock  disease  that  have  occurred  during  the  last  forty 
years. 

He  came  from  a  country  where  a  large  human  population  had 
made  animal  husbandry  more  difficult  than  here,  but  he  recog- 
nized that  the  experience  of  the  old  world  would  all  too  soon 
be  ours.  Guided  by  a  prophetic  vision  of  that  which  was  sure 
to  come,  he  undertook  immediately  to  develop  the  veterinary 
profession  in  this  country  along  the  lines  indicated  by  scientific 
discoveries.  He  was  anxious  to  prepare  men  to  safeguard  our 
animal  population.  DR.  LAW  was  an  inspiring  teacher.  He  was 
a  man  of  high  ideals  and  a  thorough  scholar,  and  he  still  retains 
a  deep  interest  in  all  veterinary  subjects.  He  is  the  "grand  old 
man"  of  the  veterinary  profession  in  America  and  beloved  by 
all  who  knew  him.  His  portrait  will  serve  both  as  an  inspira- 
tion and  a  benediction  to  all  the  generations  of  veterinarians 
that  are  to  come  and  to  go. 


316  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

WHOM  THE  GODS  CALLED  YOUNG 

123.  The  youngest  son  of  P.  D.  ARMOUR,  founder  of  the  pack- 
ing business  of  ARMOUR  &  Co.,  was  PHILIP  D.  ARMOUR,  JR.,  born 
January  11,  1869,  at  Milwaukee,  Wis.  In  1875  he  came  to  Chi- 
cago with  his  family,  and  received  his  early  education  at  Phillips 
Andover  Academy.  From  that  institution  he  entered  Sheffield 
Scientific  School  at  Yale  University,  being  a  member  of  the  class 
of  1890.  Circumstances  prevented  his  completion  of  the  course, 
and  in  1891  he  joined  ARMOUR  AND  COMPANY  to  learn  the  packing 
business  from  its  very  foundations.  He  displayed  an  unusual 
aptitude  backed  up  by  the  right  sort  of  energy  and  aggressiveness. 
The  years  he  spent  with  the  Company  were  seasons  of  great 
expansion  and  development,  and  formed  an  important  period 
in  the  history  of  the  house.  In  some  respects  the  enterprises  of 
these  days  were  of  a  pioneer  nature  and  fitted  the  younger 
ARMOUR  for  the  big  responsibilities  and  active  participation  in 
the  affairs  of  the  Company,  which  would  necessarily  fall  to  his 
lot.  In  1899  the  original  negotiations  were  opened  to  merge  the 
Armour  Packing  Co.  of  Kansas  City  with  the  Chicago  plant,  and 
the  partnership  previously  effected  between  P.  D.  ARMOUR,  SR., 
and  J.  OGDEN  ARMOUR  was  dissolved  to  form  the  new  corpora- 
tion of  ARMOUR  AND  COMPANY. 

PHILLIP  D.  ARMOUR,  JR.,  was  scheduled  for  an  important  posi- 
tion in  the  new  corporation,  but  its  realization  was  prevented  by 
his  untimely  death  at  Montecito,  California,  January  26,  1900. 
One  of  the  elder  employees  of  ARMOUR  AND  COMPANY,  who  knew 
him  well,  characterized  him  as  follows:  "He  was  what  we  would 
refer  to  today  as  a  regular  fellow;  he  was  a  most  lovable  man 
and  easy  to  get  along  with;  he  was  as  bright  as  a  man  could  be — 
quick  as  lightning — and  he  never  knew  the  meaning  of  procras- 
tination." 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  317 

A  DODDIE  DEVOTEE  FROM  THE  PAMPAS 

124.  The  second  judge  to  come  to  the  International  Livestock 
Show  from  the  Argentine  was  WILLIAM  J.  GRANT,  to  officiate  in 
the  breeding  and  fat  classes  of  Aberdeen-Angus  in  1919.  So 
appreciative  of  his  work  were  the  Aberdeen-Angus  breeders  that 
they  requested  him  immediately  upon  the  completion  of  his 
duties  to  make  the  long  journey  again,  two  years  later.  MR. 
GRANT  was  a  native-born  Scot,  first  opening  his  eyes  to  the  light 
in  February,  1869,  in  Elgin,  a  few  miles  to  the  south  of  the 
Moray  Firth  in  Elginshire.  His  early  education  was  obtained 
in  the  Elgin  Academy,  and  he  was  articled  while  still  a  youth 
to  MR.  H.  M.  S.  MACKAY,  a  civil  engineer  of  his  native  town. 
For  five  years  he  studied  rigorously  as  a  land  surveyor  and  civil 
engineer,  and  in  1890  proceeded  to  the  Argentine  as  assistant 
engineer  on  the  construction  of  the  Buenos  Aires-Great  Southern 
Railway.  In  1893  he  received  appointment  as  chief  district  engi- 
neer of  the  Buenos  Aires  and  Pacific,  and  eight  years  later  was 
promoted  to  chief  construction  engineer. 

In  1903  he  purchased,  3,750  acres  of  land  and  began  opera- 
tions as  farmer  and  stock  breeder.  His  interests  grew  rapidly 
until  he  was  master  of  11,000  odd  acres,  and  found  his  time  so 
occupied  that  in  1908  he  resigned  his  railroad  position  and 
devoted  his  entire  energies  to  agriculture.  He  has  developed 
two  very  excellent  herds  of  cattle,  one  of  Aberdeen-Angus  and 
the  other  of  Shorthorn  breeding.  His  Aberdeen-Angus  herd  con- 
tains 85  pedigreed  cows  and  about  300  purebreds  that  are  unreg- 
istered. The  principal  families  represented  are  the  Mulben  May- 
flowers, the  Prides  of  Aberdeen,  the  Lady  Idas,  the  Beauty's  of 
Methlick,  the  Advie  Roses,  the  Ericas  and  the  Blackbirds.  The 
Shorthorn  herd  is  about  the  same  size  and  comprises  about  80 
registered  and  400  unregistered  animals.  MR.  GRANT  breeds 
very  largely  on  a  merit  basis  and  to  secure  this  handles  repre- 
sentatives of  both  Scotch  and  English  strains.  The  following 


318  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Shorthorn  families  are  represented:  The  Secrets,  the  Princess 
Royals,  the  Venus's,  the  Butterfly's,  the  Waterloos,  the  Roses  of 
Sharon,  the  Rubinas,  the  Blanches,  the  Miss  Beverleys  and  the 
Old  Daisy's.  In  addition  he  handles  a  Shorthorn  grade  her4  of 
some  2,000  cows. 

MR.  GRANT  is  one  of  the  pioneer  promoters  of  draft  horse 
breeding  in  this  new  country,  and  is  developing  a  small  but 
very  select  stud  of  Clydesdales.  His  most  famous  stallion  has 
been  the  Glamis  Castle  horse,  Monte  Carlo,  a  half  brother  of 
the  noted  Cawdor  Cup  winner,  Scotland  Yet. 

General  agricultural  activities  of  a  progressive  sort  have 
recently  claimed  much  of  MR.  GRANT'S  time.  During  the  five 
years,  1909-1914,  he  was  president  of  the  Laboulaye  Rural 
Society,  and  from  the  beginning  of  his  citizenship  in  the  province 
of  Cordoba  he  has  acted  as  advisor  to  the  local  manager  of  the 
Argentina  National  Bank  on  farm  loans.  Laboulaye  is  a  thriv- 
ing town  of  7,000  inhabitants,  and  MR.  GRANT  has  twice  been  its 
mayor,  four  times  president  of  its  town  council,  three  years  presi- 
dent of  its  school  board,  and  three  years  president  of  its  social 
club.  Since  1914  he  has  been  president  of  the  board  of  directors 
of  the  Rio  Negro  Land  Company,  and  part  owner  and  managing 
director  of  the  Nueva  Escocia  Colonization  Company. 

In  1901  MR.  GRANT  married  Miss  ELLEN  GERTRUDE  MAGUIRE, 
daughter  of  an  Irish  Farmer  in  the  Argentine,  MR.  JOHN  MAGUIRE, 
and  has  a  family  of  two  boys  and  two  girls. 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  319 

A  PROPAGANDIST  OF  PEACE 

125.  Possibly  the  first  man  to  recognize  in  a  practical  way  the 
utter  absence  of  a  divine  right  to  homage  was  WILLIAM  PENN, 
founder  of  Pennsylvania,  constructive  proponent  of  the  Quakers, 
and  just  administrator  of  the  rights  of  the  American  Indian. 
Of  aristocratic  descent,  his  sire  successively  being  lieutenant, 
captain,  rear-admiral,  vice-admiral  and  admiral  of  the  British 
navy,  he  found  in  his  collegiate  days  at  Oxford  ample  oppor- 
tunity to  display  a  rugged  plebeianism  by  opposing  what  he 
considered  to  be  popish  usages,  the  wearing  of  student  gowns 
and  the  display  of  honorary  vestments.  Thereafter,  despite  a 
punishment  that  involved  his  flight  to  France,  he  fought  a  con- 
tinuous battle  within  himself,  pitting  his  sturdy  spirit  as  dis- 
played in  his  numerous  published  defenses  of  the  Quakers, 
against  the  more  insidious  acceptance  of  the  honors  and  pastimes 
that  were  his  by  heritage  and  by  his  wide  acquaintance  among 
blooded  families.  A  personal  friend  and  ardent  supporter  of 
ROBERT  SPENCER,  JOHN  LOCKE,  GEORGE  Fox  and  ALGERNON  SID- 
NEY, he  lived  in  the  favor  of  CHARLES  II  and  JAMES  II  of  Eng- 
land, and  Louis  XIV  of  France,  while  his  personal  courage  earned 
him  respect  in  the  court  of  the  austere  WILLIAM  OF  ORANGE. 

WILLIAM  PENN  was  born  October  14,  1644,  in  London,  Eng- 
land. Owing  to  the  sea-faring  pursuits  of  his  father,  he  spent 
his  young  life  under  his  mother's  tutelage,  and  from  her  received 
his  strong  religious  faith.  Part  of  his  childhood  was  spent  in 
Shenagarry,  County  Cork,  his  father's  Irish  estate.  His  education 
was  thorough,  the  Oxford  foundations  being  supplemented  by 
discipleship  under  MOSES  AMYRAULT,  one  of  France's  ablest  scho- 
lars, and  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

His  literary  talents  led  to  an  early  recognition  of  his  religious 
convictions.  The  turning  point  in  his  life  was  reached  in  Cork, 
Sept.  3,  1667,  when  in  company  with  the  entire  congregation  he 
was  arrested  for  listening  to  the  Quaker  teachings  of  his  old 


320  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Oxford  friend,  THOMAS  LOE.  After  an  open  rupture  with  his 
father  he  entered  upon  an  itinerant  preaching  journey,  publish- 
ing numerous  treatises,  of  which  his  "Truth  Exalted"  and  "The 
Sandy  Foundation  Shaken"  gave  him  a  nation-wide  notoriety. 
This  latter  caused  an  eight  months'  imprisonment  in  the  Tower 
of  London  which  stimulated  his  "No  Cross,  No  Crown"  and 
"Innocency  with  Her  Open  Face,"  that  made  him  immortal. 

Early  in  1668  he  enlisted  the  aid  of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham 
to  introduce  a  bill  into  Parliament  that  would  award  justice  to 
the  Quakers,  but  the  stern  commoners  refused  even  to  listen  to 
the  measure.  In  1670  he  was  again  arrested  for  preaching  in  the 
streets,  and  when  the  jury  found  him  "Not  Guilty"  despite  the 
court's  instructions,  both  the  jury  and  prisoner  were  fined  and 
jailed  for  contempt.  Appeal  to  higher  authority  established  the 
precedent  for  all  time  in  English  law  that  it  is  the  right  of  the 
jury  independently  to  judge  evidence  regardless  of  the  dictation 
or  direction  of  the  court. 

On  liberation  PENN  visited  Holland  and  Germany  where  he 
made  many  converts,  but  it  was  not  until  1681  when  CHARLES  II 
issued  the  charter  that  confirmed  his  title  to  American  lands, 
that  he  found  a  home  for  the  persecuted  of  his  faith.  PENN'S 
original  title  for  the  territory  was  New  Wales,  but,  on  objection 
by  the  King,  he  adopted  Sylvania,  which  the  King  overruled  to 
christen  Pennsylvania.  Organizations  for  emigration  were  estab- 
lished, and  with  the  aid  of  ALGERNON  SIDNEY,  a  liberal  scheme 
of  laws  and  government  approved.  In  September,  1682,  he 
sailed  for  Newcastle  on  the  Delaware,  on  board  the  tiny  "Wel- 
come," and  selected  the  site  of  his  capital  at  the  juncture 
of  the  Schuylkill  and  Delaware,  a  place  called  by  the 
Indians,  "Coaquannoc,"  and  by  him  Philadelphia.  Under  the 
spreading  elm  at  Schackamaxton  (now  part  of  Philadelphia), 
he  concluded  his  famous  treaty  with  the  Indians,  which  recog- 
nized them  as  previously  the  rightful  owners  of  the  land.  PENN'S 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  321 

far-sighted  generosity  contributed  to  peace  with  all  the  adjacent 
tribes  and  alone  of  all  the  colonies,  Pennsylvania  suffered  no 
massacres  and  indulged  in  no  warfare.  In  1684,  disputes  with 
LORD  BALTIMORE  over  the  boundry  line  with  Maryland,  discus- 
sions that  ultimately  caused  the  survey  of  the  Mason-Dixon  line, 
sent  both  PENN  and  BALTIMORE  to  England,  and  PENN  became 
involved  in  the  turmoil  of  the  deposition  of  JAMES  II.  In  1690 
he  was  publicly  proclaimed  a  traitor,  and  deprived  of  his  Ameri- 
can property,  but  after  three  years  hiding,  it  was  restored.  In 
1699  he  returned  to  America,  cementing  the  split  in  his  colony 
between  the  warlike  and  Quaker  parties.  Two  years  later  he 
sailed  for  England,  disturbed  by  the  report  that  proprietary 
colonies  were  to  be  abolished,  but  the  move  was  thwarted.  Affairs 
in  Ireland  claimed  his  attention,  and  he  was  defrauded  by 
unscrupulous  bookkeeping  of  much  of  his  property.  In  1712  a 
paralytic  stroke  impaired  his  mind,  and  after  six  years  of  faithful 
care  by  his  second  wife,  he  passed  away  at  Ruscombe,  Berkshire, 
July  30,  1718. 

As  a  founder  of  American  civilization  and  democracy,  WIL- 
LIAM PENN  contributed  much.  While  his  doctrines  of  non-resist- 
ance have  been  used  for  selfish  purposes  many  times  in  the 
intervening  years,  his  recognition  of  the  rights  of  the  savage,  his 
careful  preparation  of  a  liberal  government,  and  his  refuge  for 
numerous  of  the  harassed  religious  thinkers  of  Europe  estab- 
lished precedents  from  which  the  American  nation  has  never 
departed  in  principle.  The  liberality  of  his  viewpoints  has  been 
reflected  through  the  centuries  that  have  succeeded  him,  and  to 
his  example  may  be  traced  the  development  of  freedom  of  thought 
and  action  in  the  national  commonwealth. 


322  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  CONTRIBUTION  OF  CATTLE  WEALTH  TO  THE 
SUNFLOWER  STATE 

126.  JOHN  Ross  TOMSON,  breeder  of  Shorthorn  cattle  and 
president  of  the  American  Shorthorn  Breeders'  Association  1918- 
19,  was  born  near  Dover,  Kansas,  October  3,  1867.  Of  cattle 
forebears,  he  was  early  initiated  into  the  business,  riding  as 
drover  and  buyer  with  his  father  at  the  early  age  of  eight  and 
nine  years  over  a  radius  of  thirty  miles  from  his  home.  His 
aptness  coupled  with  his  extreme  youth  attracted  much  atten- 
tion among  the  hardened  veterans  of  the  cattle  range,  and  gained 
him  a  reputation  that  made  him  the  natural  head  of  the  business 
when  his  father  and  brothers  entered  into  purebred  Shorthorn 
production  in  1886.  At  this  time  he  had  finished  his  common 
school  education  and  a  course  in  a  business  college  in  Topeka, 
so  that  the  $80  cow  then  purchased  provided  his  real  start  in 
breeding. 

The  firm  thus  launched  to  the  breeding  world  was  known  as 
T.  K.  TOMSON  &  SONS,  the  father,  JOHN,  "JiM,"  and  FRANK 
composing  the  partnership.  For  ten  successive  years  a  show 
her4  was  on  the  western  and  southwestern  circuit,  and  it  is 
believed  the  record  shows  not  a  year  passed  without  a  champion- 
ship ribbon  being  awarded  some  member  of  the  herd  at  one  of 
the  fairs.  While  the  circuit  is  no  longer  followed  throughout, 
the  TOMSON  cattle  are  still  frequent  winners.  Ever  since  the  late 
nineties  the  females  of  the  herd  have  been  particularly  rcognized 
as  true  to  a  type,  the  best  ones  being  retained  regularly  for 
breeding  purposes.  A  party  of  Uraguay  breeders  visiting  Amer- 
ican herds  in  1919  pronounced  the  TOMSON  females  to  be  the 
best  selected  and  most  uniform  they  saw.  Operations  have  been 
conducted  almost  entirely  on  a  private  sale  basis,  very  few  pub- 
lic auctions  having  been  held.  Hence  no  widely  advertised  fig- 
ures have  been  announced  although  the  financial  results  have  been 
eminently  satisfactory,  and  the  products  of  the  herd  sought  both 
by  the  east  and  west  for  purposes  of  foundation  and  improvement. 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  323 

In  1909  the  death  of  T.  K.  TOMSON  caused  a  change  in  the 
method  of  breeding.  For  several  years  prior  to  this  the  father 
had  left  the  active  direction  of  the  business  to  the  two  sons,  JOHN 
and  JAMES,  and  on  his  demise  JOHN  succeeded  as  head  of  the 
firm  with  headquarters  on  the  old  farmstead  adjoining  Dover. 
JAMES  and  FRANK  purchased  a  new  acreage  along  the  line  of  the 
Santa  Fe  Railroad  between  Wakarusa  and  Carbondale,  Kansas. 
Here  marketing  facilities  were  better  as  Dover  was  nine  miles 
from  the  nearest  railroad,  the  Rock  Island,  and  twenty  miles 
from  a  marketing  town,  Topeka.  The  partnership  was  still  main- 
tained, but  each  brother's  interest  was  held  separately.  Under 
JOHN  TOMSON'S  skillful  management  some  of  the  grassiest  pas- 
tures of  eastern  Kansas  have  been  developed  at  the  Dover  farm, 
while  excellent  modern  improvements  have  been  installed 
throughout. 

JOHN  TOMSON  enjoys  a  wide  reputation  as  a  judge  both  of 
steers  and  breeding  cattle.  His  ability  in  this  particular  was 
instinctively  inherent,  but  was  sharpened  by  the  years  of  cattle 
buying  as  a  youth,  stirrup  to  stirrup  with  his  father.  Among 
Kansas  breeders  he  enjoys  a  position  of  highest  authority,  while 
his  counsels  have  been  sought  by  Shorthorn  breeders  the  country 
over.  He  is  of  a  naturally  retiring  and  diffident  disposition,  but 
his  whole  inclination  is  to  care  in  an  unassuming  way  for  the 
interests  of  others  long  before  looking  to  his  own.  He  never 
volunteers  advice,  but  his  aid  is  freely  given  for  the  asking. 
Straightforward  and  sincere,  his  whole  life  has  been  free  of 
sham  and  pretense,  and  more  than  one  of  his  friends  has  affec- 
tionately admitted  that  the  mould  was  thrown  away  after  JOHN 
TOMSON  was  fashioned. 

For  six  successive  terms  MR.  TOMSON  was  unanimously  elected 
a  director  of  the  Shorthorn  association,  while  his  presidency  in 
1918  and  1919  recognized  temporarily  an  appreciation  of  his 
judgment  and  counsel,  not  terminated  with  his  close  of  office, 
but  continued  by  his  retention  on  the  board  of  directors. 


324  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

A  VETERAN  EDUCATOR  IN  VETERINARY  MEDICINE 

127.  Paralleling  DR.  JAMES  LAW  (122)  in  the  pioneer  nature 
of  his  service  in  the  field  of  veterinary  education  was  DR.  H.  J. 
DETMERS,  founder  of  the  College  of  Veterinary  Medicine  of  the 
Ohio  State  University.  DR.  DETMERS  was  of  German  nativity, 
having  been  born  in  the  province  of  Oldenburg,  in  April,  1835. 
His  education  was  received  in  the  leading  universities  of  Europe, 
both  at  Hanover  and  Berlin,  where  he  pursued  agricultural  and 
veterinary  courses.  In  the  late  sixties  he  came  to  America  and 
at  once  became  a  naturalized  citizen. 

His  first  duties  of  an  official  nature  in  America  were  in  con- 
nection with  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  of  the  United 
States  (the  forerunner  of  the  present  federal  Department  of  Agri- 
culture), with  whom  he  studied  the  causes  of  the  then  recently 
introduced  cattle  plague,  contagious  pleuro-pneumonia.  In  coop- 
eration with  DR.  LAW,  DR.  BILLINGS  and  DR.  SALMON  (33)  means 
for  its  eradication  were  proposed  and  successfully  executed. 

When  the  new  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  was  formed  under 
the  control  of  DR.  SALMON,  DR.  DETMERS  was  retained  as  an 
investigator  of  hog  cholera  and  other  infectious  animal  diseases. 
At  that  time  the  science  of  bacteriology  was  in  its  infancy,  and 
DR.  DETMERS  attracted  wide  attention  through  his  use  of  this 
science  to  attack  the  cause  of  hog  cholera.  His  work  in  this 
particular  direction  still  stands  as  classic.  DR.  DETMERS  suc- 
ceeded in  isolating  and  cultivating  an  organism  in  beef  broth 
which  he  believed  to  be  the  cause  of  hog  cholera,  or  as  he  called 
it,  swine  plague.  At  the  time  that  he  was  doing  this  DR.  SALMON 
(33)  isolated  another  organism  which  he  believed  to  be  the  cause 
of  cholera  and  for  many  years  there  existed  a  strong  rivalry 
between  the  two  scientists  for  the  honor  of  prior  discovery  of  the 
organism.  As  a  result  two  distinct  swine  diseases  were  popu- 
larly recognized  for  a  long  time  under  the  respective  names  of 
swine  plague  and  hog  cholera,  but  DR.  DETMERS  was  never  willing 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  325 

to  accept  this  dual  view.  When  DR.  DORSET  (30)  discovered  the 
filterable  virus  that  is  now  recognized  as  the  cause  of  the  disease, 
DR.  DETMERS  was  vindicated  in  regard  to  the  identity  of  the  two 
diseases,  even  though  his  belief  as  to  the  cause  had  to  be  dis- 
carded. 

The  tenacity,  with  which  DR.  DETMERS  clung  to  his  explana- 
tion of  his  discovery,  was  a  fair  measure  of  his  character.  He 
knew  that  he  was  right,  as  far  as  his  experience  went,  and  he 
defended  his  position  to  the  best  of  his  ability  against  both  friend 
and  foe,  and  he  encountered  both.  As  a  matter  of  fact  DR.  DET- 
MERS knew  only  two  kinds  of  people,  friends  or  foes,  and  with 
each  class  he  went  to  the  limit.  For  his  friends  he  knew  no  sac- 
rifice too  great,  for  his  foes  no  resistance  too  strong. 

On  completing  his  work  with  the  Federal  Government  he  was 
successively  professor  of  veterinary  science  at  the  Iowa  Agri- 
cultural College,  The  University  of  Missouri,  The  Kansas  State 
Agricultural  College,  and  the  University  of  Illinois.  In  1884 
he  was  called  to  the  Ohio  State  University  where  he  founded  the 
college  of  veterinary  medicine.  At  the  same  time  he  acted  as 
veterinarian  of  the  Ohio  Experiment  Station  at  Wooster,  and 
there  labored  without  relief  on  a  system  of  protective  innocula- 
tion  against  the  swine  plague.  In  all  of  his  activities  during  his 
long  public  life  as  a  teacher,  and  his  retired  life  as  an  investi- 
gator, he  worked  unceasingly  for  the  development  of  his  chosen 
profession.  His  former  students  were  all  his  personal  friends 
in  whom  he  took  a  fraternal  interest  and  a  personal  pride.  In 
November,  1906,  at  the  age  of  seventy-one  years,  he  passed  away 
at  Columbus,  Ohio.  Very  few  of  the  veterinarians  and  agricul- 
turists of  today  were  acquainted  with  DR.  DETMERS,  but  those 
who  possess  this  privilege  need  no  further  appreciation  of  his 
worth  and  quality. 


326  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

"THE  WHITE  HEIFER  THAT  TRAVELED" 

128.  In  the  first  years  of  the  19th  century,  ROBERT  COLLING 
(94)  did  much  to  promote  the  newly  founded  race  of  Short- 
horns by  sending  out  his  finest  beeves  for  exhibition  through- 
out the  principal  agricultural  districts.  The  most  noteworthy 
of  these  was  the  free  martin  heifer  by  Favorite  (252)  from  a 
dam  called  Favorite  Cow.  The  exact  date  of  her  birth  is  not 
recorded  in  the  Coates  Herd  Book  but  it  is  presumed  that  she 
was  dropped  about  1806.  Because  of  her  handicap  for  breed- 
ing she  was  fed  out  to  her  utmost  capacity  and  for  several  years 
was  publicly  exhibited.  It  is  not  known  at  what  age  she  was 
slaughtered,  but  her  dead  weight  was  estimated  at  1,820  pounds, 
which  certainly  required  a  live  weight  during  her  best  years  of 
above  2,300  pounds.  It  was  through  the  exhibition  of  such 
animals  as  the  "White  Heifer  that  Traveled"  that  the  COLLING 
BROTHERS  established  the  firm  trade  demand  for  the  foundation 
animals  of  the  then  new  Shorthorn  breed. 


OF  THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  327 

THE  KETTON  OX 

129.  The  Ketton  Ox  was  later  known  as  the  Durham  Ox  (133) 
and  is  so  described  in  this  catalog.  The  painting  of  which  this 
is  a  copy  was  made  of  him  at  five  years  of  age,  whereas  the 
painting  entitled  the  "Durham  Ox"  was  made  later  in  life  aftei 
he  had  achieved  an  exhibition  record  under  the  management  oi 
MR.  DAY. 


MAXWALTON  COMMANDER 

130.  Maxwalton  Commander  406947,  was  grand  champion 
bull  at  the  1917  International.  Among  the  last  of  the  illus- 
trious calves  sired  by  the  far-famed  Avondale  245144,  he  com- 
manded a  value  and  a  breed  respect  almost  from  calfhood.  He 
was  dropped  September  28,  1913,  at  Maxwalton  Farms  from 
the  imported  cow  Roan  Lady  36th,  by  Nonpareil  Crown. 
Immediately  following  his  championship  he  was  purchased  at 
the  phenomenal  price  of  $7,500  by  F.  A.  GILLESPIE  &  SONS, 
Tulsa,  Okla.,  and  at  the  dispersion  of  this  herd  in  December, 
1918,  was  acquired  by  H.  C.  LOOKABAUGH,  Pleasant  Valley 
Farm,  Watonga,  Okla.  Here  he  is  successor  to  the  famous  Fair 
Acres  Sultan  and  the  entire  story  of  his  service  to  the  Shorthorn 
breed  can  be  written  only  when  the  next  decade  has  gone  by. 


328  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

PINK  BRILLANTE 

131.  Pink  Brillante  57897,  was  champion  Percheron  mare  at 
the  1916  International.  Although  foaled  in  1908,  she  never 
had  but  one  year  in  the  showring,  her  entry  being  somewhat 
fortuitous  due  to  the  accidental  death  of  her  1916  foal  at  about 
two  months  of  age.  She  was  sent  to  the  Iowa  State  Fair,  where 
A.  S.  ROBINSON  placed  her  first  in  spite  of  her  thinness,  facing 
severe  ringside  dissent.  His  judgment  was  confirmed  by  her 
International  winning  and  she  is  now  considered  the  best  bal- 
anced big  mare  that  ever  won  a  Percheron  championship.  She 
was  bred  by  DUNHAM'S,  Wayne,  111.,  and  has  proved  a  most  fer- 
tile and  regular  breeder.  Although  only  a  three-year-old,  she 
dropped  her  first  colt  in  1911  and  one  each  year  thereafter 
through  1919.  She  failed  to  rear  her  1916  and  1917  colts,  both 
of  them  dying  young.  Pink  Brillante  has  a  longer  pre-show 
record  as  a  breeder  than  any  other  premier  mare  at  the  Inter- 
national. 

Her  sire,  Pink,  was  International  champion  stallion  in  1903 
and  1904,  and  was  second  in  the  aged  stallion  classes  of  1905 
and  1906  in  spite  of  heavy  stud  use.  He  was  a  grandson  of 
Besigue,  by  Brilliant  3rd,  and  traced  into  the  unsurpassed  Per- 
cheron strain  of  Brilliants.  His  dam  Odelisque  was  by  Bien- 
ville,  one  of  the  best  grandsons  of  Brilliant,  he  by  Voltaire,  the 
best  son  of  Brilliant  1271.  Pink  Brillante's  dam  Briennette 
also  traced  to  Brilliant  1271,  her  grandsire  through  her  dam 
Brienne. 

Pink  Brillante  stood  17:3  hands  and  weighed  2,300  pounds 
as  champion. 


OF  THE   SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  329 

EARL  SPENCER'S  OX 

132.  The  champion  at  the  Sraithfield  Fat  Stock  Show  in  1835 
was  a  white  ox  of  Shorthorn  blood  shown  by  LORD  ALTHORPE, 
EARL  SPENCER.  He  was  got  by  the  bull  Firby,  owned  by  the 
Earl  and  was  fed  at  the  farm  at  Wiseton,  near  Doncaster.  EARL 
SPENCER  was  prominent  in  politics  at  one  time,  being  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Exchequer.  He  was  unable,  therefore,  to  devote 
full  attention  to  his  breeding  operations,  but  nevertheless 
accumulated  the  largest  herd  of  the  4ay  in  England.  He  was 
early  tutored  from  the  lips  of  THOMAS  BATES  (74)  but  after  a 
large  degree  of  assistance  in  selecting  early  breeding  stock  and 
through  leasing  some  of  the  early  Duchess  bulls,  he  fell  into 
disfavor  with  his  worthy  mentor  through  attempting  to  hire 
BATES'  herdsman,  the  historic  ROBERT  BELL.  EARL  SPENCER  fol- 
lowed the  inbreeding  systems  called  into  vogue  by  BAKEWELL 
and  the  COLLING  brothers,  but  is  reputed  to  have  ruined  the  con- 
stitution of  his  stock.  The  authenticity  of  this  is  questionable, 
since  at  the  -dispersion  of  his  herd  in  the  early  40's,  high  prices 
were  attained;  one  bull  brought  $2,000,  another  one  $1,850,  and 
several  of  the  cows  realized  over  $1,000.  Although  in  the  serv- 
ice of  his  country,  EARL  SPENCER'S  heart  was  always  in  his 
Shorthorns.  When  JOHN  GREY  of  Dilston  called  on  the  Earl 
at  the  Government  offices  in  London,  the  attendants  slyly  whis- 
pered, "Ye've  come  about  cows,  Sir,  so  ye'll  no'  have  long  to 
wait."  He  was  the  greatest  promoter  and  distributor  of  the 
breed  in  his  day,  and  is  credited  with  having  established  the 
Shorthorn  with  the  nobility  of  Britain. 


330  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  DURHAM  OX 

133.  The  ultimate  test  of  excellence  in  beef  breeding  is  the 
block  and  so  it  was  that  the  Durham  Ox,  (the  second  calf  sired 
by  MR.  CHARLES  COLLING'S  (94)  first  triumph  in  pedigrees,  the 
bull  Favorite),  was  steered  and  grown  out  for  exhibition  as  a 
bullock.  He  was  dropped  in  1796  out  of  a  native  black  and 
white  cow,  purchased  at  Durham  Fair.  Plied  with  feed  bucket 
and  choicest  pasture  until  five  years  of  age,  he  attained  the  nota- 
ble weight  of  3,024  pounds.  At  this  point  he  left  MR.  COLLING'S 
hands,  being  purchased  in  February,  1801,  for  $700  by  a  MR. 
BULMER  of  Harnby.  BULMER  had  a  special  carriage  built  to 
transport  him  and  after  five  weeks'  exhibition  sold  both  ox  and 
carriage  to  MR.  JOHN  DAY  of  Rotherham  for  $1,250.  Within 
seven  weeks  MR.  DAY  refused,  $2,625  for  him,  a  month  later  he 
refused  $5,000,  and  two  months  later  $10,000.  For  nearly  six 
years  this  notable  animal  was  carried  through  the  principal 
sections  of  England  and  Scotland,  until  in  February,  1807,  he 
dislocated  his  hip  bone.  Due  to  his  extreme  flesh  and  his 
advanced  age  of  eleven  years,  it  was  impossible  to  reset  it  and 
after  eight  weeks  of  further  travel  during  which  he  shrunk  con- 
siderably in  weight,  he  was  slaughtered.  His  dressed  weight 
totaled  2,620  pounds,  2,322  pounds  of  which  was  found  in  the 
four  carcass  quarters.  This  placed  his  liveweight  at  over  3,000 
pounds  while  MR.  DAY  announced  his  weight  at  ten  years  as 
3,400  pounds.  Prior  to  this  time  such  exhibitions  of  beef  mass 
with  thick  joints  and  deeply  bedded  ribs  were  unknown,  and  a 
great  debt  is  due  the  COLLING  brothers  by  the  Shorthorn  fra- 
ternity for  such  an  early  demonstration  of  beef  making  ability. 


OF  THE   SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  331 

BRACELET  AND  NECKLACE 

134.  In  1840  JOHN  BOOTH  of  Killerby  won  first  prize  at  the 
Yorkshire  Show  at  Northallerton  with  the  roan  three-year-old 
heifer  Bracelet,  one  of  the  first  heifers  of  twin  birth  in  the 
Shorthorn  breed  to  establish  a  noteworthy  show  record.  Brace- 
let sought  stronger  competitions  the  following  year  and  in  1841 
won  first  as  an  aged  cow,  both  at  the  Royal  at  Liverpool  and  at 
the  Highland  and  Agricultural  Society  Show  at  Berwick.  The 
following  year  she  and  her  twin  sister  swept  the  boards  at  York, 
but  Bracelet  was  defeated  by  Necklace  at  the  Bristol  Royal.  In 
1843  Necklace  was  again  the  premier  cow  of  the  pair,  winning 
first  prize  at  Doncaster.  These  twins  won  over  thirty-five  class 
and  championship  honors.  Necklace  closed  her  showyard  life 
by  winning  the  gold  medal  against  thirty-seven  contestants  at 
the  Smithfield  Show  in  1846,  this  time  being  exhibited  as  a 
butcher's  animal.  It  was  as  a  breeder  that  Bracelet  particularly 
surpassed  her  noted  twin.  Her  most  noteworthy  offspring  was 
the  bull  Buckingham  (3239)  that  proved  an  exceptional  sire  in 
the  herd  of  RICHARD  BOOTH  at  Warlaby.  A  show  bull  of 
importance  produced  by  Bracelet  was  the  good  Hamlet  by 
Leonard,  while  her  calf  of  1842,  the  red  bull  Morning  Star, 
was  sold  as  a  two-year-old  to  Louis  Phillipe  of  France.  Brace- 
let's most  noted  daughter  was  the  white  show  cow  Birthday  by 
Lord  Stanley  (4269).  Birthday  herself  was  a  famous  breeder 
and  through  her  son,  Lord  George  (10439),  and  his  son,  Second 
Duke  of  Athol  (11376),  became  incorporated  into  the  pedigrees 
of  the  famous  Woodburn  Duchesses  of  Airdrie  (82). 


332  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

LORD  BANFF 

135.  The  dark  roan  bull  Lord  Banff  150178  (77031),  was 
calved  in  Scotland  January  10,  1899,  having  been  bred  by  ALEX 
WATSON,  of  Aberdeenshire.  As  a  yearling  he  was  imported  to 
the  Trout  Creek  herd  of  W.  D.  FLATT,  Hamilton,  Ontario.  His 
sire  was  the  good  Scotch  bull  Cap-a-Pie  106717,  and  his  dam 
was  Roan  Bessie  by  Sittyton  Sort.  After  a  very  mild  showyard 
career  he  was  sold  in  MR.  FLATT'S  November  sale  in  1901,  at 
the  Union  Stock  Yards,  for  $5,100  to  MR.  GEORGE  E.  WARD, 
Hawarden,  Iowa,  to  replace  St.  Valentine.  At  that  time  this 
established  the  record  price  for  Scotch  bulls.  Here  he  had  but 
little  opportunity  as  a  sire,  but  was  shown  in  some  of  the  Mis- 
souri Valley  exhibitions.  His  later  years  were  spent  in  the 
herd  of  M.  E.  JONES  &  SON,  Williamsville,  111.,  where  he  left  a 
type  imprint  noticeable  even  to  this  day.  Lord  Banff  was  a 
bull  of  magnificent  symmetry  and  his  high  valuation  did  much 
to  elicit  confidence  in  Scotch  bloodlines  4uring  the  increasing 
agricultural  values  at  the  first  of  the  20th  century. 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  333 

ST.  VALENTINE 

136.  Reputed  to  be  the  smoothest  bull  ever  shown  in  Ameri- 
can livestock  exhibitions,  the  roan  St.  Valentine  121014,  was  a 
prominent  figure  in  the  closing  Shorthorn  contests  of  the  last 
century.  His  breeder  was  the  firm  of  JAMES  GARDHOUSE  &  SONS, 
Highfield,  Ontario,  but  he  was  calved  the  property  of  J.  G.  ROB- 
BINS  &  SONS,  Horace,  Indiana,  February  14,  1894.  His  sire  was 
Guardsman  108200,  and  his  dam  was  of  the  Verbena  family, 
the  imported  Verbena's  Lady,  volume  39,  page  682E.  St.  Valen- 
tine's showyard  career  started  early  under  the  efficient  herdsman- 
ship  of  the  ROBBINS.  His  opportunities  as  a  sire  were  excellent 
and  he  sired  two  of  the  most  famous  show  animals  of  the  early 
century,  the  grand  champion  bull  of  the  1900  International,  The 
Lad  for  Me,  and  the  noteworthy  female  Ruberta  (140).  At  the 
same  International  the  first  prize  young  herd  was  entirely  the 
product  of  his  loins.  In  1898  at  the  Trans-Mississippi  Exhibi- 
tion at  Omaha,  he  headed  the  first  prize  herd  and  shortly  after 
was  transferred  to  the  ownership  of  GEORGE  E.  WARD,  Hawarden, 
Iowa.  His  untimely  death  in  the  spring  of  1901  cut  short  a 
most  promising  breeding  opportunity.  At  MR.  WARD'S  sale  in 
Chicago  that  year,  cow  prices  reached  averages  hitherto  uncom- 
mon, forty-four  head  making  $725,  ten  cows  selling  at  between 
$1,000  and  $2,500.  Since  most  of  the  cows  were  in  calf  to  St. 
Valentine  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  chief  cause  of  the  high  values 
was  the  last  opportunity  to  buy  calves  by  this  noted  sire. 


334  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

AN  OVINE  PASTORAL 

137.  This  study  of  French  sheep,  probably  grade  fine-wools, 
was  purchased  by  NELSON  MORRIS  (71)  on  the  occasion  of  a  trip 
abroad,  and  presented  to  the  SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN  CLUB.  It  is  a 
faithful  representation  of  the  class  of  sheep  common  to  French 
farms,  the  fidelity  of  detail  as  related  to  conformation  and  char- 
acter being  most  unusual. 


WHITEHALL  MARSHAL 

138.  Whitehall  Marshal  209776,  was  the  leading  showyard 
representative  of  the  great  collection  of  Shorthorn  prize  winners, 
sired  by  the  bull  Whitehall  Sultan  163573.  He  was  a  roan  bull 
calved  October  5th,  1902,  bred  by  E.  S.  KELLY,  Yellow  Springs, 
Ohio.  His  dam  was  the  imported  Missie  167th  by  Lord  of  Fame 
157722.  Whitehall  Marshal's  career  in  the  showring  extended 
over  a  period  of  five  years,  during  all  of  which  time  he  was  per- 
forming extensive  herd  service.  As  a  senior  yearling  in  the  1904 
International  he  was  second  prize,  but  in  1905  he  was  first  prize 
two-year-old  and  in  1906  and  1907  headed  the  aged  bull  classes. 
In  1908  after  his  transfer  to  the  Elmendorf  Farm,  Lexington, 
Kentucky,  he  was  placed  third,  but  the  same  year  won  fourth 
on  his  get.  His  greatest  service  was  in  the  herd  of  F.  W.  HARD- 
ING, (108)  Waukesha,  Wis.,  at  Anoka  Farm.  Here  he  sired  many 
notable  showyard  winners,  mostly  bulls.  The  best  known  was 
Leader  of  Fashion,  for  several  years  in  service  in  the  Anoka  herd. 
After  transfer  to  the  Elmendorf  pastures  he  begot  the  excellent 
Fayette  Marshal,  that  made  notable  show  records  in  1911-12-13. 


OF   THE  SADDLE  AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  335 

DRAFT  CHAMPIONS  OF  THE  TANBARK 

139.  The  six  horse  team  contests  at  the  International  Livestock 
Expositions  have  proved  to  be  the  most  popular  feature  of  the 
draft  horse  display.  In  general  the  best  teams  have  come  from 
Packington,  only  four  winners  having  originated  elsewhere.  The 
two  breeds  that  have  produced  the  winning  hitches  are  the  Clydes- 
dale and  Percheron,  the  former  having  won  the  honors  twelve 
times  at  the  close  of  1919,  the  latter  six  times.  The  winners  by 
years  follow: 

1900  Moore— Clydesdale  1910  Morris— Clydesdale 

1901  Morris— Clydesdale  1911  Morris— Clydesdale 

1902  Morris— Clydesdale  1912  Crouch— Percheron 

1903  Morris— Clydesdale  1913  U.  S.  Yards— Clydesdale 

1904  Pabst— Percheron  1914  No  Show 

1905  Armour— Percheron  1915  No  Show 

1906  Armour — Percheron  1916  Crouch — Percheron 

1907  Armour— Percheron  1917  Wilson— Clydesdale 

1908  Morris— Clydesdale  1918  Wilson— Clydesdale 

1909  Morris— Clydesdale  1919  Wilson— Clydesdale 

The  team  portrayed  here  is  the  Morris  1909  winner.  MORRIS 
&  Co.,  for  a  number  of  years,  were  vitally  interested  in  this 
exhibit,  their  champions  of  1901-03  being,  with  a  single  modifi- 
cation, the  original  imported  geldings  shown  by  Moore,  for 
which  they  paid  the  then  great  sum  of  $3,000.  Their  second 
notable  team,  the  one  depicted  in  this  painting,  was  collected  by 
MR.  A.  B.  McLAREN,  who  for  twenty  years  supervised  MORRIS  & 
Co.'s  draft  horse  transportation. 


336  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  WORLD  CHAMPION  RUBERTA 

140.  At  the  Illinois  State  Fair  of  1901,  one  of  the  strongest 
and  most  noteworthy  competitions'  yet  developed  in  Scotch 
bloodlines  was  staged.  Something  of  an  international  character 
was  attached  to  this  contest,  as  the  American-bred  Ruberta,  win- 
ner of  the  two-year-old  class,  met  the  imported  Cicely,  winner  of 
the  aged  class,  for  championship.  Cicely  had  been  bred  by  Her 
Majesty  the  QUEEN  in  her  Windsor  herd  and  was  a  champion 
of  the  English  Royal.  As  Cicely  was  Canadian  owned  thereby 
making  the  contest  international,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to 
bring  in  the  veteran  Hereford  breeder,  THOMAS  CLARK,  as  adjudi- 
cator. His  decision  was  awaited  with  most  profound  interest  by 
the  attending  ringside  and  when  the  purple  ribbon  was  finally 
given  to  Ruberta,  the  clearest  title  to  American  championship 
ever  held  by  a  showyard  queen  was  conferred.  This  title  was 
successfully  defended  over  a  series  of  years.  Ruberta  was  a 
roan  heifer,  calved  October  14,  1898.  Bred  by  J.  G.  ROBBINS  & 
SONS,  Horace,  Indiana,  she  early  acquired  showyard  fame,  being 
junior  champion  as  a  yearling  at  the  first  American  Royal  Show 
and  at  the  first  International.  Her  1901  victory  made  her  almost 
invincible  in  American  Showyards,  a  position  she  held  through 
the  notable  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  of  1904.  Ruberta 
was  sired  by  the  famous  St.  Valentine,  (136)  head  of  the  first 
prize  Shorthorn  herd  at  the  Omaha  Exposition  of  1898.  Her 
dam  was  Russella,  volume  44,  page  854,  by  Czar  107007,  tracing 
to  the  twelfth  Duchess  of  Gloster.  Ruberta's  career  in  the  breed- 
ing herd  was  almost  as  noteworthy  as  her  showyard  record.  She 
is  the  only  cow  in  the  Shorthorn  breed  that  has  been  an  Inter- 
national champion  and  the  dam  of  a  champion.  Her  son, 
Ruberta's  Goods,  won  the  junior  ribbon  at  the  American  Royal. 
In  spite  of  the  high  flesh  in  which  she  was  necessarily  maintained 
she  produced  six  calves,  and  was  a  regular  and  certain  breeder 
throughout  her  life. 


OF   THE   SADDLE   AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  337 

THE  HERDSMAN'S  GOD 

141.  In  Greek  and  Roman  mythology,  Hermes  was  the  God 
of  the  Wind,  and  hence  of  the  dwellers  of  open  places.    He  was 
born,  full  fledged,  the  son  of  Zeus  and  Maia,  in  a  cave  on  Mount 
Cyllene  in  Arcadia.    Immediately  after  birth  he  stole  forth  from 
the  cave  and  siezed  the  cattle  of  Apollo,  the  sun-god,  dragging 
them  back  to  his  cave.     He  stoutly  denied  the  theft,  even  to  the 
mighty  Zeus   (Jove  or  Jupiter  of  the  Romans),  and  when  con- 
victed, pacified  his  brother  with  a  lyre  he  had  fortunately  devised 
from  a  tortoise  shell  on  which  only  the  dried  sinews  remained. 
He    was    the    herdsman's    god,    especially    invoked    to    secure 
increase  in  fold  and  paddock,  and  the  ram  and  calf  were  asso- 
ciated in  the  worship  of  him.     He  was  the  deity  of  good  luck, 
sharp  trade,  and  "windfalls,"  and  later  became  the  patron  of 
the  cattle  thieves.    Hermes  was  sublimely  swift,  wearer  of  winged 
sandals,  bearer  of  a  magic  wand  (later  the  Caduceus),  and  guide 
of  the  souls  that  seek  Charon  to  cross  the  River  Styx.     He  was 
the  spirit  of  the  open  road  and  the  flowing  sail.     Along  the 
highways  square  pillars  (Hermae)  guided  the  traveller,  with  the 
head  of  the  god  and  the  phallus  as  decorative  features.     The 
sailor  invoked  his  aid  to  bring  the  precious  trade  winds  or  to  still 
the  obstreperous  blast.    To  the  Romans  he  was  Mercury;  to  the 
Egyptians,  Thoth,  to  the  Phoenicians  Taaut;  and  to  the  Babylo- 
nians, Nabu.     From  his  fabled  fleetness  both  the  twinkling  red 
of  the  planet  Mercury  and  the  fluid  activity  of  quicksilver  at 
ordinary  temperatures  drew  their  names. 

142.  Bust  of  JOHN  SHERMAN. 


338  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

THE  WINGED  VICTORY 

143.  The  statue  of  "The  Victory  of  Samothrace"  or  "Winged 
Victory"  as  it  is  popularly  called,  was  executed  by  DEMETRIUS 
POLIORCETES,  after  the  naval  battle  of  Salamis  in  Cyprus,  306 
B.  C,  to  commemorate  the  Greek  victory  over  the  fleet  of 
PTOLEMY  of  Egypt.  It  was  set  up  in  305  B.  C.,  and  rediscovered 
in  the  Island  by  French  archaeologists  working  there  in  1863. 
It  is  now  on  exhibit  in  the  Louvre.  The  suggestion  of  pride 
and  action  in  the  pose  of  the  body,  particularly  the  limbs,  has 
never  been  equalled  by  subsequent  sculptors.  The  artistry  of 
that  part  of  the  statue  remaining  has  excited  endless  apprecia- 
tion from  critics  and  sculptors  in  general,  since  all  attempts  at 
restoration  of  the  lost  portions  have  proved  to  be  entirely  incon- 
gruous. 


FYVIE  BARON 

144.  Fyvie  Baron  17608  was  international  grand  champion 
Clydesdale  stallion  in  1913.  He  was  a  first  prize  winner  in  the 
aged  stallions  at  the  Highland  and  Agricultural  Show  the  same 
year,  having  been  imported  by  GRAHAM  BROS.,  Claremount,  Onta- 
rio. He  shared  premier  honors  with  Golden  Knight  as  head  of 
the  large  stud  of  CONYNGHAM  BROS.,  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.  Fyvie 
Baron  was  foaled  March  8,  1907.  His  sire  was  the  world 
renowned  Baron's  Pride  (9122)  and  his  dam  was  Lady  Ida 
(15438).  Fyvie  Baron  draws  strongly  on  the  Darnley  founda- 
tion, tracing  three  times  to  him  and  once  to  Prince  of  Wales 
through  Lady  Ida,  in  addition  to  tracing  through  Baron's  Pride. 
Fyvie  Baron  also  traces  twice  to  Sir  Everard,  the  latter  being 
his  grandsire,  through  Baron's  Pride,  and  his  great  grandsire 
in  the  female  line  through  Lady  Ida  and  her  dam  Lady  Maud. 


OF   THE   SADDLE   AND   SIRLOIN    CLUB  339 

FAIRHOLME  FOOTPRINT 

145.  Fairholme  Footprint  17584,  was  foaled  June  23,  1913, 
the  property  of  MR.  ROBERT  A.  FAIRBAIRN,  Fairholme  Farm, 
New  Market,  N.  J.  He  is  the  American  culmination  of  the  famous 
line  of  Clydesdale  sires,  descending  from  Darnley  (see  ANDREW 
MONTGOMERY,  46)  the  most  skillful  bit  of  pedigree  blending  the 
breeding  art  has  yet  known.  Conceived  to  the  service  of  the 
1910  Cawdor  Cup  winner,  Dunure  Footprint,  he  was  imported 
in  dam,  Harviestoun  Baroness  (146)  in  the  late  summer  of  1912. 
In  April,  1914,  he  was  sold,  to  F.  LOTHROP  AMES,  Langwater 
Farms,  Northeaston,  Mass.,  for  $5,000,  thereby  setting  a  world's 
price  record  at  the  time  for  a  colt  of  his  age.  He  was  first  shown 
at  the  International  of  1916,  where  he  was  first  prize  three-year- 
old  Clydesdale  stallion  and  grand  champion  of  his  breed,  but  on 
his  reappearance  in  1918,  he  not  only  headed  the  aged  Clydesdale 
stallion  class  and  was  again  grand  champion,  but  he  showed  four 
yearling  daughters  that  stood  first,  second,  third  and  fourth  in 
the  futurity  class.  These  four  won  the  get  of  sire  class  for  him 
and  three  of  them  with  himself  at  the  head  won  first  for  breeder's 
group  of  stallion  and  three  mares.  Only  once  in  American  his- 
tory has  such  a  performance  been  approached,  at  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition  of  1893,  when  McQueen  and  daughters 
performed  similarly,  but  won  over  all  breeds.  In  1919  he  again 
won  supreme  breed  honors  at  the  International  Livestock  Expo- 
sition while  his  two-year-old  daughter,  Langwater  Jessica  was 
junior  and  reserve  grand  champion  female. 

His  sire,  Dunure  Footprint,  is  the  most  famous  breeding  horse 
in  Scotland  and  the  leading  sire  of  showyard  winners.  An  offer 
of  $130,000  was  refused  for  him,  marking  the  record  valuation 
of  a  draft  stallion.  At  the  1919  Glasgow  Stallion  Show  he  sired 
six  of  the  twenty-three  yearling  stallions  displayed,  they  winning 
second,  third,  fifth,  sixth,  seventh  and  ninth  respectively.  Of 
these  three  were  sold  at  auction,  the  second  prize  at  $20,000, 


340  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

the  third  prize  at  $15,000,  and  the  fourth  prize  at  $10,000. 
Dunure  Footprint's  1919  service  fee  was  $500  with  upwards  of 
300  bookings.  This  earning  capacity  more  than  justifies  the 
valuation. 

Dunure  Footprint  was  sired  by  Baron  o'  Buchlyvie  (11263). 
This  horse  was  the  most  famous  son  of  Baron's  Pride  and  the 
only  horse  consistently  to  beat  Baron's  Pride  as  a  sire  of  show- 
yard  winners  and  breeding  animals.  Baron  o'  Buchlyvie  held 
this  proud  distinction  in  Scotland  until  beaten  by  his  own  son, 
Dunure  Footprint.  He  was  sold  at  public  auction  in  1911  to 
settle  a  partnership,  bringing  $47,500,  a  price  for  a  draft  horse 
never  excelled. 


OF   THE   SADDLE  AND  SIRLOIN   CLUB  341 

HARVIESTOUN  BARONESS 

146.  Harviestoun  Baroness  16886,  is  the  best  known  imported 
Clydesdale  mare  of  recent  years.  Foaled  May  21,  1906,  the 
property  of  J.  ERNEST  KERR,  Harviestoun  Castle,  Dollar,  Scot- 
land, she  developed  slowly  but  soundly  until  in  1912,  at  six 
years  of  age,  she  won  the  Cawdor  Cup  at  the  Highland  an-d 
Agricultural  Show.  She  was  sired  by  the  never-to-be-forgotten 
Baron's  Pride  and  out  of  one  of  MR.  KERR'S  most  notable  brood 
mares,  Ambrosine  (17817)  dam  of  a  long  list  of  Scottish  win- 
ners. Following  the  Highland  Show,  she  was  sent  to  the  service 
of  WM.  DUNLOP'S  1910  Cawdor  Cup  winner,  Dunure  Footprint, 
and  in  late  summer  was  exported  to  the  United  States  to  MR.  R.  A. 
FAIRBAIRN,  Fairholme  Farms,  New  Market,  N.  J.  That  fall  she 
won  an  easy  championship  at  the  International  and  the  following 
June  dropped  the  notable  Fairholme  Footprint  (125).  Again  in 
1913  and  1916  she  returned  to  the  International  to  capture  the 
grand  championship  each  time.  In  1917  she  gave  birth  to  a 
capital  youngster  by  Golden  Knight.  The  dam  of  five  colts,  her 
breeding  career  was  cut  short  when  she  met  with  an  accidental 
death  in  the  spring  of  1918.  As  a  brood  and  show  mare  she  is 
entirely  unparalleled  in  recent  years. 


342  THE  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

DRAGON 

147.  Dragon  52155,  was  the  younger  of  the  famous  pair  of 
stallions  from  the  mare  Resida  that  achieved  International  grand 
championship  in  1906  and  1907.  Foaled  in  1904  and  imported 
in  1906  by  MCLAUGHLIN  BROTHERS  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  he  early 
became  a  prominent  figure  in  American  equine  circles.  As  a 
two-year-old  he  headed  his  class  at  the  1906  International  and 
was  reserve  champion  to  his  famous  brother  Etradegant.  The 
following  year  he  returned  as  a  three-year-old,  attaining  breed 
championship.  Following  his  1906  winning,  he  was  sold  to 
MR.  JOHN  A.  SPOOR,  being  sent  to  his  Blythwood  farm  at  Pitts- 
field,  Mass.  However,  in  September,  1907,  he  was  re-transferred 
to  MCLAUGHLIN  BROTHERS,  who  again  showed  him  at  the  Interna- 
tional. In  December,  1909,  he  came  into  the  possession  of 
GOVERNOR  H.  C.  STUART,  of  Elk  Garden,  Virginia.  Here  he 
remained  for  two  years  but  during  the  entire  period  from  the 
time  of  his  importation  until  1911,  he  had  no  opportunity  to 
mate  with  purebred  mares  and  for  five  years  not  a  colt  was 
registered  from  him.  In  April,  1911,  SENATOR  E.  B.  WHITE, 
Leesburg,  Virginia,  purchased  him  to  replace  the  champion  Etu- 
diant.  that  had  headed  Selma  Farm  stud  since  1908.  Selma 
Farm  furnished  Dragon  opportunity  to  display  his  real  merit  as 
a  sire,  and,  at  the  1913  International,  he  was  second  to  the 
invincible  Carnot  on  get  of  sire  and  at  the  1916  International  was 
third.  Many  of  his  sons  and  daughters  were  first  prize  or  cham- 
pions at  the  eastern  fairs  and  one  of  his  daughters  headed  the 
yearling  futurity  class  at  the  International. 

Dragon  was  not  a  large  horse,  standing  about  16:3  and  weigh- 
ing 1,900  pounds.  His  type  was  rare  and  his  stamp  on  his  pro- 
geny uniform.  His  death  in  May,  1917,  cut  all  too  short  a  life, 
whose  first  five  years  were  lost  from  the  standpoint  of  con- 
structive breeding. 


OF   THE   SADDLE   AND   SIRLOIN   CLUB  343 

Dragon  was  sired  by  Kronstadt  (44910),  he  by  Lycene  21630, 
and  he  by  Cocardos  16949.  This  latter  horse  was  first  prize 
three-year-old  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  but  was 
sold  from  pillar  to  post  following  that  period,  being  acquired 
by  W.  S.  CORSA  in  1901.  He  begot  extraordinarily  good  colts, 
but  was  used  only  on  grade  mares,  Kronstadt's  dam  was  by 
the  notable  Villers,  imported  by  MR.  DUNHAM,  and  bought  back 
by  him  after  seven  years  of  use  on  grade  mares  in  Wisconsin. 
Villers  was  surpassed  as  a  sire  previous  to  1900  only  by  Bril- 
liant 3rd  and  Besigue.  Dragon's  dam  Resida  was  generally 
considered  to  be  the  best  brood  mare  of  her  time  in  France  and 
perhaps  of  the  breed  of  all  time.  She  not  only  produced  two 
International  grand  champions  already  referred  to,  but  also 
another  stallion  of  tremendous  importance  to  American  breed- 
ing, the  horse  Hisse  Haut,  head  of  the  Robison  Stud,  Pekin,  111. 


NUMERICAL  INDEX 


1  Dr.  Leonard  G.  Pearson 

2  Dr.  John  Gunion  Rutherford 

3  William  Ransdell  Goodwin 

4  Hon.  W.  I.  Buchanan 

5  Henry  Jackson  Waters 

6  Robert  Burns  Ogilvie 

7  William  Dempster  Hoard 

8  Dr.  G.  Howard  Davison 

9  Hon.  Duncan  McLean  Marshall 

10  Hon.  Henry  Fairfax 

11  John  Harrison  Skinner 

12  Alvin  Howard  Sanders 

13  Foster  Dwight  Coburn 

14  Hon.  John  Dryden 

15  Hon.  James  Wilson 

16  J.  Sterling  Morton 

17  Dr.  Henry  Baird  Favill 

18  Gen.  Jeremiah  McLain  Rusk 

19  Senator  William  Freeman  Vilas 

20  William  Arnon  Henry 

21  James  Harvey  Sanders 

22  Robert  B.  Thomson 

23  Stephen  Moulton  Babcock 

24  John  A.  Craig 

25  Hon.  Henry  Cullen  Adams 

26  Charles  F.  Curtiss 

27  William  Henry  Hatch 

28  Hon.  Justin  S.  Merrill 

29  Dean  Eugene  Davenport 

30  Dr.  Marion  Dorset 

31  Charles  E.  Duggan 

32  William  Levi  Carlyle 

33  Dr.  Daniel  Elmer  Salmon 

34  Dr.  Alonzo  D.  Melvin 

35  Dr.  John  Robbins  Mohler 

36  Joseph  Edward  Guinane  Ryan 

37  Samuel  Cozzens 

38  Monson  Parker  Buel 

39  William  E.  Skinner 

40  Mortimer  Levering 

41  Jonathan  Hall  Truman 

42  James  Crouch 

43  Mark  Wentworth  Dunham 


44  Col.  Robert  Holloway 

45  Nehemiah  Parker  Clarke 

46  Andrew  Montgomery 

47  Capt.  Frederick  Pabst 

48  Col.  John  Sidney  Cooper 

49  Murdo  Mackenzie 

50  John  R.  Francis 

51  Joseph  Rosenbaum 

52  The  "Roundup" 

53  Conrad  Kohrs 

54  Louis  Keefer 

55  Andrew  Lovejoy 

56  Chas.  H.  Ingwersen 

57  Henry  C.  Ingwersen 

58  T.  B.  Hord 

59  Blanford  R.  Pierce 

60  William  S.  Van  Natta 

61  Thomas  Clark 

62  Gustavus  Franklin  Swift 

63  Edward  Tilden 

64  Arthur  G.  Leonard 

65  Benjamin  Peters  Hutchinson 

66  John  Sherman 

67  Samuel  Waters  Allerton,  Jr. 

68  James  B.  Haggin 

69  J.  Ogden  Armour 

70  Philip  Danforth  Armour 

71  Nelson  Morris 

72  Edward  Morris 

73  Thomas  Edward  Wilson 

74  Thomas  Bates 

75  Abraham  Lincoln 

76  Thomas  Booth 

77  Ulysses  S.  Grant 

78  Robert  Bakewell 

79  Daniel  Webster 

80  Capt.  Barclay 

81  Sir  Walter  Gilbey 

82  Robert  A.  Alexander 

83  William  Wetherell 

84  William  Torr 

85  T.  C.  Booth 

86  General  George  Washington 


NUMERICAL  INDEX— Continued 


87  Jonas  Webb 

88  Thomas  Jefferson 

89  Amos  Cruickshank 

90  Alexander  Hamilton 

91  John  Marshall 

92  Felix  Renick 

93  Benjamin  Franklin 

94  Charles  and  Robert  Colling 

95  J.  Henry  Pickrell 

96  Louis  F.  Allen 

97  Emery  Cobb 

98  Benjamin  F.  Van  Meter 

99  James  N.  Brown 

100  John  D.  Gillett 

101  Isaac  Funk 

102  John  Bunn 

103  Lafayette  Funk 

104  James  W.  Judy 

105  Henry  F.  Brown 

106  Reid  Carpenter 

107  Charles  E.  Leonard 

108  Frank  W.  Harding 

109  Col.  William  A.  Harris 

110  James  Brown 

111  N.  H.  Gentry 

112  S.  F.  Lockridge 

113  Richard  Gibson 

114  John  Miller 

115  George  Harding 

116  William  Miller 

117  James  Ironside  Davidson 


118  John  W.  Groves 

119  J.  Frank  Prather 

120  George  Purdy  Bellows 

121  George  Edgar  Martin 

122  Dr.  James  Law 

123  Philip  D.  Armour,  Jr. 

124  William  J.  Grant 

125  William  Penn 

126  John  Ross  Tomson 

127  Detmers,  Dr.  H.  J. 

128  White  Heifer  that  Traveled 

129  Ketton  Ox 

130  Maxwalton  Commander 

131  Pink  Brillante 

132  Spencer  Ox 

133  Durham  Ox 

134  Bracelet 

135  Lord  Banff 

136  St.  Valentine 

137  Morris  Sheep 

138  Whitehall  Marshal 

139  Morris  Six 

140  Ruberta 

141  Hermes 

142  Bust  of  Sherman  .(see  66) 

143  Winged  Victory 

144  Fyvie  Baron 

145  Fairholme  Footprint 

146  Harviestoun  Baroness 

147  Dragon 


18993 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 

926.3SA1B  C002 

A  BIOGRAPHICAL  CATALOG  OF  THE  PORTRAIT  G 


30112025346872 


